Multivalent, calcium-independent binding of surfactant protein A and D to sulfated glycosaminoglycans of the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx.

Lung surfactant collectins, surfactant protein A (SP-A) and D (SP-D), are oligomeric C-type lectins involved in lung immunity. Through their carbohydrate recognition domain, they recognize carbohydrates at pathogen surfaces and initiate lung innate immune response. Here, we propose that they may also be able to bind to other carbohydrates present in typical cell surfaces, such as the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed and quantified the binding affinity of SP-A and SP-D to different sugars and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by microscale thermophoresis (MST). In addition, by changing the calcium concentration, we aimed to characterize any consequences on the binding behavior. Our results show that both oligomeric proteins bind with high affinity (in nanomolar range) to GAGs, such as hyaluronan (HA), heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS). Binding to HS and CS was calcium-independent, as it was not affected by changing calcium concentration in the buffer. Quantification of GAGs in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from animals deficient in either SP-A or SP-D showed changes in GAG composition, and electron micrographs showed differences in alveolar glycocalyx ultrastructure in vivo. Taken together, SP-A and SP-D bind to model sulfated glycosaminoglycans of the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx in a multivalent and calcium-independent way. These findings provide a potential mechanism for SP-A and SP-D as an integral part of the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx binding and interconnecting free GAGs, proteoglycans, and other glycans in glycoproteins, which may influence glycocalyx composition and structure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY SP-A and SP-D function has been related to innate immunity of the lung based on their binding to sugar residues at pathogen surfaces. However, their function in the healthy alveolus was considered as limited to interaction with surfactant lipids. Here, we demonstrated that these proteins bind to glycosaminoglycans present at typical cell surfaces like the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx. We propose a model where these proteins play an important role in interconnecting alveolar epithelial glycocalyx components.

Mixed-Methods Study of Disability Self-Management in Mexican Americans With Osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: Health disparities in osteoarthritis (OA) outcomes exist both in the occurrence and treatment of functional limitation and disability for Mexican Americans. Although the effect of self-management of chronic illness is well established, studies demonstrate little attention to self-management of function or disability, despite the strong potential effect on both and, consequently, on patients' lives. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study pilot was to develop and test key variable relationships for a measure of disability self-management among Mexican Americans. METHODS: In this sequential, two-phased, mixed-methods, biobehavioral pilot study of Mexican American women and men with OA, a culturally tailored measure of disability self-management was created, and initial relationships among key variables were explored. RESULTS: First, a qualitative study of 19 adults of Mexican American descent born in Texas (United States) or Mexico was conducted. The Mexican American Disability Self-Management Scale was created using a descriptive content analysis of interview data. The scale was tested and refined, resulting in 18 items and a descriptive frequency of therapeutic management efforts. Second, correlations between study variables were estimated: Disability and function were negatively correlated. Disability correlated positively with social support and activity effort. Disability correlated negatively with disability self-management, pain, and C-reactive protein. Function was positively correlated with age, pain, and depression. Liver enzymes (alanine transaminase) correlated positively with pain and anxiety. DISCUSSION: This mixed-methods study indicates directions for further testing and interventions for disability outcomes among Mexican Americans.

MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles released from epicardial adipose tissue promote arrhythmogenic conduction slowing.

Background: Patients with excess epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) are at increased risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias. EAT promotes arrhythmias by depolarizing the resting membrane of cardiomyocytes, which slows down conduction and facilitates re-entrant arrhythmias. We hypothesized that EAT slows conduction by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo. Objective: We aimed to determine the role of EAT-derived EVs and their miRNA cargo in conduction slowing. Methods: EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were collected from patients with atrial fibrillation. Adipose tissue explants were incubated in culture medium and secretome was collected. The numbers of EVs in the EAT and SAT secretome were measured by calibrated flow cytometry. EVs in the EAT secretome were isolated by size exclusion chromatography and miRNAs were sequenced. Pathway analysis was performed to predict candidates involved in cardiac electrophysiology. The candidates were validated in the EAT and SAT by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Finally, miRNA candidates were overexpressed in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Results: The EV concentration was higher in the EAT secretome than in the SAT and control secretomes. miRNA sequencing of EAT-derived EVs detected a total of 824 miRNAs. Pathway analysis led to the identification of 7 miRNAs potentially involved in regulation of cardiac resting membrane potential. Validation of those miRNA candidates showed that they were all expressed in EAT, and that miR-1-3p and miR-133a-3p were upregulated in EAT in comparison with SAT. Overexpression of miR-1-3p and miR-133a-3p in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes led to conduction slowing and reduced Kcnj2 and Kcnj12 expression. Conclusion: miR-1-3p and miR-133a-3p are potential mediators of EAT arrhythmogenicity.

Relación entre la violencia contra la mujer y el Índice de Masa Corporal: revisión integradora / Relation between violence against women and Body Mass Index: integrative review

Resumen Objetivo: El propósito de esta revisión es conocer la evidencia científica existente de la relación entre la violencia contra la mujer (VCM) y su índice de masa corporal (IMC) (alto y bajo). Síntesis del contenido: Se realizó una revisión integradora de las publicaciones científicas que abordaron y relacionaran la VCM y el IMC en diferentes bases de datos. Se consideraron los siete pasos de Cooper. Se analizaron por título, año de publicación, autores y fuente; finalmente, se estudiaron los aspectos metodológicos. Se identificaron 85 artículos y se excluyeron 67 por no cumplir con los criterios de inclusión; seis de los artículos incluidos en la revisión, reportaron correlación positiva y significativa entre la VCM con el IMC alto (sobrepeso/obesidad). Asimismo, siete de los artículos refieren una relación significativa entre la VCM y el IMC bajo, de tal manera que a mayor violencia contra la mujer, se presenta un IMC más bajo en las mujeres. Conclusión: Los resultados encontrados muestran la existencia escasa de literatura científica que aborde la temática de la VCM y el IMC. Algunos estudios muestran la relación entre la VCM y el IMC alto y bajo. Los resultados no son concluyentes, por lo que se requiere generar líneas de acción y atención a las mujeres receptoras de los diferentes tipos de violencia.

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão é conhecer as evidências científicas existentes sobre a relação entre violencia contra mulheres (VCM) e seu índice de massa corporal (IMC) (baixo peso, sobrepeso/obesidade). Síntese do conteúdo: Uma revisão integrativa das publicações científicas que abordam e relacionam a vcm e o IMC em diferentes bases de dados. Os sete passos de Cooper foram considerados. Foram analisados por título, ano de publicação, autores e fonte; finalmente, os aspectos metodológicos foram estudados. Identificaram-se 85 artigos, 67 artigos foram excluídos porque não atendiam aos criterios de inclusão; seis dos artigos incluídos na revisão relataram uma correlação positiva e significativa entre a VMC com o IMC alto (sobrepeso/obesidade). Da mesma forma, sete dos artigos referem-se a uma relação significativa entre VMC e baixo IMC, ou seja, quanto maior a violência, um imc mais baixo é relatado. Conclusão: Os resultados mostram a existência de literatura científica escassa abordando a questão da VMC e IMC. Alguns estudos mostram a relação entre a violência contra as mulheres e o alto e baixo IMC. Os resultados não são conclusivos, por isso é necessário gerar linhas de ação e atenção às mulheres que recebem os diferentes tipos de violência.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this review is to know the existing scientific evidence of the relation between violence against women and their body mass index (BMI) (underweight, overweight/obese). Content synthesis: An integrative review of the scientific publications that approached and related violence against women and BMI in different databases. Cooper's seven steps were considered. They were analyzed by title, year of publication, authors and source; and, finally, by methodological aspects. It was possible to identify 85 articles, -67 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria-. Six of the articles included in the review reported a positive and significant correlation between violence against women with high BMI (overweight/obesity). In other words, the higher the violence, a high BMI is reported. Likewise, seven of the articles referred to a significant relation between violence against women and low BMI, such a way to greater violence against women, a lower women's BMI is found. Conclusion: The results show the existence of scarce scientific literature that addresses the issue of violence against women and BMI. Some studies expose the relation between violence against women and high and low BMI. The results are inconclusive, so it is necessary to generate lines of action and attention to women who suffer different types of violence.

Monitoreo hemodinámico en la unidad coronaria / Hemodynamic monitorization in the cardiac unit

El monitoreo hemodinámico del corazón es un proceso altamente sofisticado y de gran utilidad. El catéter de Swan Ganz es adecuado para la medición del gasto cardiaco, conocer la presión del llenado ventricular izquierdo, determinación de la saturación de oxígeno, conocer la presión de la aurícula izquierda y la presión pulmonar capilar, conocer la presión de la arteria pulmonar y estudiar la respuesta ante el uso de fármacos que afectan la función ventricular. Las indicaciones para el uso de este catéter son la insuficiencia ventricular izquierda, choque cardlogénico, síndrome de bajo gasto cardiaco, sobrecarga aguda de cavidades cardiacas, pacientes cardiópatas que requieren grandes cantidades de líquidos y pacientes cardiópatas que usan medicamentos que alteran la función ventricular. La línea articular es el registro de la presión arterial directa. Se utiliza para obtener la presión arterial en pacientes que no la tienen palpable, para obtener sangre arterial frecuente y para la monitorización constante de la presión arterial El tercer tipo de monitorización es el catéter de aurícula izquierda. Este se coloca directamente dentro de la aurícula izquierda al final de la cirugía cardiaca, a cielo abierto, y mide la presión interior de la urícula, permitiendo una precisión más exacta de la presión venosa central, evaluándose el volumen de reposición, la presión de llenado de la aurícula izquierda y la presión diastólica final del ventrículo izquierdo.

Hemodynamic memorization of the heart is a highly sophisticated and most useful procedure. The Swan Gam catheter is appropriate for the study of cardiac output, filling pressure of the left ventricle, measure of oxigen saturation, measure of the pressure of the left ventricle and pulmonary caplillary pressure, measure the pressure of the pulmonary artery and explore the hemodynamics of the heart after the use of drugs. This catheter is useful in left ventricular insufficiency, cardiogenic shock, low cardiac output, acute cardiac overloading cardiac patients whoneedmassive liquid aplicación and cardiac patients receiving drugs that affect ventricular function. The arterial line is a direct registration of arterial pressure. It is used in patients whose arterial pressure cannot be felt, when frequent arterial blood samples are required, or for continuos pressure monitorization. The third type of monitorization is the left auricle catheter. It is placed directly within the auricleupon finishingopen heart surgery, and measures the pressure within the auricle, allowing beaer precision of the central venous pressure, evaluation of volume recovery, the fillingpressure of the left auricle, as well at the final diastolic pressure in the left ventricle.

Prevalencia de depresión, a través de la Escala de depresión perinatal de edinburgh (EPDS), en una muestra de mujeres mexicanas embarazadas / Depression prevalence, through the depression perinatal depression scale (EPDS) in a sample of pregnant mexican women

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de depresión durante el último trimestre del embarazo y determinar la validez y la confiabilidad de la Escala de Depresión Perinatal de Edinburgh (EPDS). Material y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una investigación en la consulta externa del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, en una muestra de 360 mujeres, en las semanas 28-34 de gestación, que aceptaron libre e informadamente participar en el estudio. Se aplicó una batería de pruebas psicológicas, entre ellas, la EPDS. Resultados: En relación con la validez de constructo de la versión en español, se identificaron dos factores con valores eigen superiores a 1.00, que dan cuenta del 50.3 por ciento de la varianza total: el primer factor agrupó los reactivos 1,2,7-10, que están más relacionados con "sentimientos depresivos"; y el segundo factor, se integró con los reactivos 3-6, más relacionados con ansiedad y/o transición hacia la maternidad. Respecto de la confiabilidad, se obtuvo un alfha de Cronbach de 0.818 en la escala global, un alpha estandarizada de 0.822 y un coeficiente de 0.75, por el método de mitades de Guttman. En el retest con 97 mujeres, a las seis semanas postparto, se obtuvieron coeficientes de correlación adecuados (0.792; 0.656 y 0.625). Se encontró que el 21.7 por ciento de las mujeres de la muestra, podrían estar experimentado "un probable episodio depresivo".Conclusiones: Se considera importante aplicar el EPDS como parte de los procedimientos diagnósticos habituales en el control prenatal, con objeto de identificar tempranamente a las mujeres en riesgo y hacer las indicaciones pertinentes para su atención y tratamiento.