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1.
J Neurosci ; 44(8)2024 Feb 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38238074

RESUMO

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the central clock for circadian rhythms. Animal studies have revealed daily rhythms in the neuronal activity in the SCN. However, the circadian activity of the human SCN has remained elusive. In this study, to reveal the diurnal variation of the SCN activity in humans, we localized the SCN by employing an areal boundary mapping technique to resting-state functional images and investigated the SCN activity using perfusion imaging. In the first experiment (n = 27, including both sexes), we scanned each participant four times a day, every 6 h. Higher activity was observed at noon, while lower activity was recorded in the early morning. In the second experiment (n = 20, including both sexes), the SCN activity was measured every 30 min for 6 h from midnight to dawn. The results showed that the SCN activity gradually decreased and was not associated with the electroencephalography. Furthermore, the SCN activity was compatible with the rodent SCN activity after switching off the lights. These results suggest that the diurnal variation of the human SCN follows the zeitgeber cycles of nocturnal and diurnal mammals and is modulated by physical lights rather than the local time.


Assuntos
Ritmo Circadiano , Núcleo Supraquiasmático , Masculino , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Núcleo Supraquiasmático/fisiologia , Roedores , Mamíferos , Neurônios
2.
Hum Brain Mapp ; 45(11): e26801, 2024 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39087903

RESUMO

Damage to the posterior language area (PLA), or Wernicke's area causes cortical reorganization in the corresponding regions of the contralateral hemisphere. However, the details of reorganization within the ipsilateral hemisphere are not fully understood. In this context, direct electrical stimulation during awake surgery can provide valuable opportunities to investigate neuromodulation of the human brain in vivo, which is difficult through the non-invasive approaches. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of the cortical reorganization of the PLA within the ipsilateral hemisphere. Sixty-two patients with left hemispheric gliomas were divided into groups depending on whether the lesion extended to the PLA. All patients underwent direct cortical stimulation with a picture-naming task. We further performed functional connectivity analyses using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a subset of patients and calculated betweenness centrality, an index of the network importance of brain areas. During direct cortical stimulation, the regions showing positive (impaired) responses in the non-PLA group were localized mainly in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), whereas those in the PLA group were widely distributed from the pSTG to the posterior supramarginal gyrus (pSMG). Notably, the percentage of positive responses in the pSMG was significantly higher in the PLA group (47%) than in the non-PLA group (8%). In network analyses of functional connectivity, the pSMG was identified as a hub region with high betweenness centrality in both the groups. These findings suggest that the language area can spread beyond the PLA to the pSMG, a hub region, in patients with lesion progression to the pSTG. The change in the pattern of the language area may be a compensatory mechanism to maintain efficient brain networks.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Rede Nervosa , Área de Wernicke , Humanos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Área de Wernicke/diagnóstico por imagem , Área de Wernicke/fisiopatologia , Área de Wernicke/fisiologia , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa/fisiopatologia , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Glioma/fisiopatologia , Glioma/cirurgia , Glioma/patologia , Estimulação Elétrica , Idoso , Idioma , Conectoma , Lobo Parietal/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Parietal/fisiopatologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Adulto Jovem
3.
Cereb Cortex ; 33(6): 2947-2957, 2023 03 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35718541

RESUMO

Humans assess the distributions of resources based on their aversion to unfairness. If a partner distributes in an unfair manner even though the partner had a less unfair distribution option, a recipient will believe that the partner should have chosen the counterfactual option. In this study, we investigated the neural basis for fairness evaluation of actual and counterfactual options in the ultimatum game. In this task, a partner chose one distribution option out of two options, and a participant accepted or rejected the option. The behavioral results showed that the acceptance rate was influenced by counterfactual evaluation (CE), among others, as defined by the difference of monetary amount between the actual and counterfactual options. The functional magnetic resonance imaging results showed that CE was associated with the right ventral angular gyrus (vAG) that provided one of convergent inputs to the supramarginal gyrus related to decision utility, which reflects gross preferences for the distribution options. Furthermore, inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation administered to the right vAG reduced the behavioral component associated with CE. These results suggest that our acceptance/rejection of distribution options relies on multiple processes (monetary amount, disadvantageous inequity, and CE) and that the right vAG causally contributes to CE.


Assuntos
Tomada de Decisões , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana , Humanos , Tomada de Decisões/fisiologia , Comportamento Social , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Jogos Experimentais
4.
Cereb Cortex ; 33(23): 11225-11234, 2023 11 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37757477

RESUMO

Insulin resistance may lead to structural and functional abnormalities of the human brain. However, the mechanism by which insulin resistance impairs the brain remains elusive. In this study, we used two large neuroimaging databases to investigate the brain regions where insulin resistance was associated with the gray matter volume and to examine the resting-state functional connectivity between these brain regions and each hypothalamic nucleus. Insulin resistance was associated with reduced gray matter volume in the regions of the default-mode and limbic networks in the cerebral cortex in older adults. Resting-state functional connectivity was prominent between these networks and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, a hypothalamic interface connecting functionally with the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation in these networks between insulin resistance-related gray matter volume reduction and network paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus resting-state functional connectivity. These results suggest that insulin resistance-related gray matter volume reduction in the default-mode and limbic networks emerged through metabolic homeostasis mechanisms in the hypothalamus.


Assuntos
Substância Cinzenta , Resistência à Insulina , Humanos , Idoso , Substância Cinzenta/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede de Modo Padrão , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Cerebral
5.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci ; 78(5): 273-281, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38505983

RESUMO

Low-intensity focused transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is an emerging noninvasive technique capable of stimulating both the cerebral cortex and deep brain structures with high spatial precision. This method is recognized for its potential to comprehensively perturb various brain regions, enabling the modulation of neural circuits, in a manner not achievable through conventional magnetic or electrical brain stimulation techniques. The underlying mechanisms of neuromodulation are based on a phenomenon where mechanical waves of ultrasound kinetically interact with neurons, specifically affecting neuronal membranes and mechanosensitive channels. This interaction induces alterations in the excitability of neurons within the stimulated region. In this review, we briefly present the fundamental principles of ultrasound physics and the physiological mechanisms of TUS neuromodulation. We explain the experimental apparatus and procedures for TUS in humans. Due to the focality, the integration of various methods, including magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance-guided neuronavigation systems, is important to perform TUS experiments for precise targeting. We then review the current state of the literature on TUS neuromodulation, with a particular focus on human subjects, targeting both the cerebral cortex and deep subcortical structures. Finally, we outline future perspectives of TUS in clinical applications in psychiatric and neurological fields.


Assuntos
Córtex Cerebral , Humanos , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Terapia por Ultrassom/métodos , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem
6.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem ; 88(1): 111-122, 2023 Dec 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37816670

RESUMO

The relationship between the microbiota and volatile components of kusaya gravy involved in the manufacturing of kusaya, a traditional Japanese fermented fish product, in the Izu Islands (Niijima and Hachijojima) and the fermentation processes are not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the microbiota and volatile compounds involved in the manufacturing and management of kusaya gravy. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene-based amplicon sequencing revealed that the microbiota in kusaya gravy was significantly different between the two islands, and the microbiota hardly changed during each fermentation process. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis also revealed that the volatile components were strongly related to the microbiota in kusaya gravy, with Hachijojima samples containing sulfur-containing compounds and Niijima samples containing short-chain fatty acids. Therefore, our findings suggest that kusaya gravy is a characteristic fermented gravy with a stable microbiota, and the fermented pickling gravy is fermented by microorganisms.


Assuntos
Microbiota , Animais , Fermentação , Japão , Compostos de Enxofre , Produtos Pesqueiros
7.
Neuroimage ; 264: 119744, 2022 12 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36368500

RESUMO

The reward system implemented in the midbrain, ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex evaluates and compares various types of rewards given to the organisms. It has been suggested that autonomic factors influence reward-related processing via the hypothalamus, but how the hypothalamus modulates the reward system remains elusive. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, the hypothalamus was parcellated into individual hypothalamic nuclei performing different autonomic functions using boundary mapping parcellation analyses. The effective interaction during subjective evaluation of foods in a reward task was then investigated between the human hypothalamic nuclei and the reward-related regions. We found significant brain activity decrease in the paraventricular nucleus (PVH) and lateral nucleus in the hypothalamus in food evaluation compared with monetary evaluation. A psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed dual interactions between the PVH and (1) midbrain region and (2) ventromedial prefrontal cortex, with the former correlated with the stronger tendency of participants toward food-seeking. A dynamic causal modeling analysis further revealed unidirectional interactions from the PVH to the midbrain and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that the PVH in the human hypothalamus interacts with the reward-related regions in the cerebral cortex via multiple pathways (i.e., the midbrain pathway and ventromedial prefrontal pathway) to evaluate rewards for subsequent decision-making.


Assuntos
Recompensa , Estriado Ventral , Humanos , Mapeamento Encefálico , Córtex Pré-Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos
8.
Cereb Cortex ; 30(12): 6325-6335, 2020 11 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32666077

RESUMO

The right inferior frontal cortex (IFC) is critical to response inhibition. The right IFC referred in the human studies of response inhibition is located in the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the surrounding regions and consists of multiple areas that implement distinct functions. Recent studies using resting-state functional connectivity have parcellated the cerebral cortex and revealed across-subject variability of parcel-based cerebrocortical networks. However, how the right IFC of individual brains is functionally organized and what functional properties the IFC parcels possess regarding response inhibition remain elusive. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, precision functional mapping of individual human brains was adopted to the parcels in the right IFC to evaluate their functional properties related to response inhibition. The right IFC consisted of six modules or subsets of subregions, and the spatial organization of the modules varied considerably across subjects. Each module revealed unique characteristics of brain activity and its correlation to behavior related to response inhibition. These results provide updated functional features of the IFC and demonstrate the importance of individual-focused approaches in studying response inhibition in the right IFC.


Assuntos
Lobo Frontal/fisiologia , Inibição Psicológica , Adulto , Mapeamento Encefálico , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem
9.
J Neurosci ; 39(13): 2509-2521, 2019 03 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30692225

RESUMO

The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) features close anatomical and functional relationships with the prefrontal cortex. However, the necessity of the PPC in executive functions has been questioned. The present study used the stop-signal task to examine response inhibition, an executive function that inhibits prepotent response tendency. The brain activity and resting-state functional connectivity were measured to analyze a parcellation-based network that was aimed at identifying a candidate PPC region essential for response inhibition in humans. The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) was activated during response inhibition and connected with the inferior frontal cortex and the presupplementary motor area, the two frontal regions known to be necessary for response inhibition. Next, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to test the essential role of the IPS region for response inhibition. TMS over the IPS region prolonged the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), the standard behavioral index used to evaluate stopping performance, when stimulation was applied 30-0 ms before stopping. On the contrary, stimulation over the temporoparietal junction region, an area activated during response inhibition but lacking connectivity with the two frontal regions, did not show changes in SSRT. These results indicate that the IPS identified using the parcellation-based network plays an essential role in executive functions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Based on the previous neuropsychological studies reporting no impairment in executive functions after lesions in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), the necessity of PPC in executive functions has been questioned. Here, contrary to the long-lasting view, by using recently developed analysis in functional MRI ("parcellation-based network analysis"), we identified the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) region in the PPC as essential for response inhibition: one executive function to stop actions that are inaccurate in a given context. The necessity of IPS for response inhibition was further tested by an interventional technique of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Stimulation to the IPS disrupted the performance of stopping. Our findings suggest that the IPS plays essential roles in executive functions.


Assuntos
Função Executiva/fisiologia , Inibição Psicológica , Lobo Parietal/fisiologia , Adulto , Mapeamento Encefálico , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana , Adulto Jovem
10.
Neuroimage ; 221: 117205, 2020 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32735999

RESUMO

Despite their critical roles in autonomic functions, individual hypothalamic nuclei have not been extensively investigated in humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging, partly due to the difficulty in resolving individual nuclei contained in the small structure of the hypothalamus. Areal parcellation analyses enable discrimination of individual hypothalamic nuclei but require a higher spatial resolution, which necessitates long scanning time or large amounts of data to compensate for the low signal-to-noise ratio in 3T or 1.5T scanners. In this study, we present analytic procedures to estimate likely locations of individual nuclei in the standard 2-mm resolution based on our higher resolution dataset. The spatial profiles of functional connectivity with the cerebral cortex for each nucleus in the medial hypothalamus were calculated using our higher resolution dataset. Voxels in the hypothalamus in standard resolution images from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) database that predominantly shared connectivity profiles with the same nucleus were subsequently identified. Voxels representing individual nuclei, as identified with the analytic procedures, were reproducible across 20 HCP datasets of 20 subjects each. Furthermore, the identified voxels were spatially separate. These results suggest that these analytic procedures are capable of refining voxels that represent individual hypothalamic nuclei in standard resolution. Our results highlight the potential utility of these procedures in various settings such as patient studies, where lengthy scans are infeasible.


Assuntos
Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Conectoma , Hipotálamo/fisiologia , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Adulto , Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Conectoma/métodos , Conectoma/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Hipotálamo/diagnóstico por imagem , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/normas , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/normas , Masculino , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto Jovem
11.
Hum Brain Mapp ; 39(11): 4349-4359, 2018 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29975005

RESUMO

The striatum constitutes the cortical-basal ganglia loop and receives input from the cerebral cortex. Previous MRI studies have parcellated the human striatum using clustering analyses of structural/functional connectivity with the cerebral cortex. However, it is currently unclear how the striatal regions functionally interact with the cerebral cortex to organize cortical functions in the temporal domain. In the present human functional MRI study, the striatum was parcellated using boundary mapping analyses to reveal the fine architecture of the striatum by focusing on local gradient of functional connectivity. Boundary mapping analyses revealed approximately 100 subdivisions of the striatum. Many of the striatal subdivisions were functionally connected with specific combinations of cerebrocortical functional networks, such as somato-motor (SM) and ventral attention (VA) networks. Time-resolved functional connectivity analyses further revealed coherent interactions of multiple connectivities between each striatal subdivision and the cerebrocortical networks (i.e., a striatal subdivision-SM connectivity and the same striatal subdivision-VA connectivity). These results suggest that the striatum contains a large number of subdivisions that mediate functional coupling between specific combinations of cerebrocortical networks.


Assuntos
Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Corpo Estriado/diagnóstico por imagem , Corpo Estriado/fisiologia , Adulto , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Córtex Cerebral/anatomia & histologia , Corpo Estriado/anatomia & histologia , Movimentos Oculares/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Descanso , Adulto Jovem
12.
PLoS Biol ; 13(6): e1002177, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26125513

RESUMO

Neuroimaging and neurophysiology have revealed that multiple areas in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are activated in a specific memory task, but severity of impairment after PFC lesions is largely different depending on which activated area is damaged. The critical relationship between lesion sites and impairments has not yet been given a clear mechanistic explanation. Although recent works proposed that a whole-brain network contains hubs that play integrative roles in cortical information processing, this framework relying on an anatomy-based structural network cannot account for the vulnerable locus for a specific task, lesioning of which would bring impairment. Here, we hypothesized that (i) activated PFC areas dynamically form an ordered network centered at a task-specific "functional hub" and (ii) the lesion-effective site corresponds to the "functional hub," but not to a task-invariant "structural hub." To test these hypotheses, we conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments in macaques performing a temporal contextual memory task. We found that the activated areas formed a hierarchical hub-centric network based on task-evoked directed connectivity, differently from the anatomical network reflecting axonal projection patterns. Using a novel simulated-lesion method based on support vector machine, we estimated severity of impairment after lesioning of each area, which accorded well with a known dissociation in contextual memory impairment in macaques (impairment after lesioning in area 9/46d, but not in area 8Ad). The predicted severity of impairment was proportional to the network "hubness" of the virtually lesioned area in the task-evoked directed connectivity network, rather than in the anatomical network known from tracer studies. Our results suggest that PFC areas dynamically and cooperatively shape a functional hub-centric network to reallocate the lesion-effective site depending on the cognitive processes, apart from static anatomical hubs. These findings will be a foundation for precise prediction of behavioral impacts of damage or surgical intervention in human brains.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Memória/etiologia , Memória/fisiologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/lesões , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Macaca mulatta , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologia
13.
Cephalalgia ; 38(12): 1864-1875, 2018 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29495882

RESUMO

Introduction We previously reported centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction at the time of thunderclap headache remission in patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Here we examine the clinical significance of centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction. Methods Participants comprised 48 patients who underwent magnetic resonance angiography within 72 h of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome onset and within 48 h of thunderclap headache remission. Results In 24 of the 48 patients (50%), centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction occurred on magnetic resonance angiography at the time of thunderclap headache remission. The interval from first to last thunderclap headache in patients with centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction (14 ± 10 days) was significantly longer than that of patients without centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction (4 ± 2 days). In the patients with centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction at the time of thunderclap headache remission, the incidence of another cerebral lesion (38%, 9 of 24 cases) was significantly higher than in patients without centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction (0%). From findings of sequential magnetic resonance angiography before and after thunderclap headache remission, we observed tendencies in which centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction gradually progressed after the onset of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and peaked at the time of thunderclap headache remission. The progress of centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction concluded with thunderclap headache remission. Conclusions Centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction has clinical significance as an indicator of the severity of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. The presence of centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction is associated with an increased risk of brain lesions and a longer interval from first to last thunderclap headache. Moreover, repeat magnetic resonance angiography to assess centripetal propagation of vasoconstriction during the time from onset to thunderclap headache remission can help diagnose reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Cefaleia Primários/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos da Cefaleia Primários/etiologia , Vasoconstrição/fisiologia , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/complicações , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Angiografia Cerebral , Feminino , Humanos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome , Adulto Jovem
14.
Neuroimage ; 162: 1-12, 2017 11 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28844890

RESUMO

The hypothalamus consists of numerous nuclei, and is regarded as the highest center for various autonomic functions. Although each hypothalamic nucleus implements a distinct function, it remains difficult to investigate the human hypothalamus at the nucleus level. In the present high-resolution functional MRI study, we utilized areal parcellation to discriminate individual nuclei in the human hypothalamus based on areal profiles of resting-state functional connectivity. The areal parcellation detected ten foci that were expected to represent hypothalamic nuclei, and the locations of the foci were consistent with those of the hypothalamic nuclei identified in previous histological studies. Regions of interest (ROI) analyses revealed contrasting brain activity changes following glucose ingestion: decrease in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and increase in the lateral hypothalamic area in parallel with blood glucose increase. Moreover, decreased brain activity in the arcuate nucleus predicted future elevation of blood insulin during the first 10 min after glucose ingestion. These results suggest that the hypothalamic nuclei can putatively be determined using areal parcellation, and that the ROI analysis of the human hypothalamic nuclei is useful for future scientific and clinical investigations into the autonomic functions.


Assuntos
Glucose/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Neuroimagem/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
15.
J Neurosci ; 34(5): 1988-97, 2014 Jan 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24478378

RESUMO

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have revealed that activity in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) predicts subsequent memory performance in humans. Because of limited knowledge on cytoarchitecture and axonal projections of the human MTL, precise localization and characterization of the areas that can predict subsequent memory performance are benefited by the use of nonhuman primates in which integrated approach of the MRI- and cytoarchiture-based boundary delineation is available. However, neural correlates of this subsequent memory effect have not yet been identified in monkeys. Here, we used fMRI to examine activity in the MTL during memory encoding of events that monkeys later remembered or forgot. Application of both multivoxel pattern analysis and conventional univariate analysis to high-resolution fMRI data allowed us to identify memory traces within the caudal entorhinal cortex (cERC) and perirhinal cortex (PRC), as well as within the hippocampus proper. Furthermore, activity in the cERC and the hippocampus, which are directly connected, was responsible for encoding the initial items of sequentially presented pictures, which may reflect recollection-like recognition, whereas activity in the PRC was not. These results suggest that two qualitatively distinct encoding processes work in the monkey MTL and that recollection-based memory is formed by the interplay of the hippocampus with the cERC, a focal cortical area anatomically closer to the hippocampus and hierarchically higher than previously believed. These findings will advance the understanding of common memory system between humans and monkeys and accelerate fine electrophysiological characterization of these dissociable memory traces in the monkey MTL.


Assuntos
Aprendizagem por Associação/fisiologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Rememoração Mental/fisiologia , Reconhecimento Psicológico/fisiologia , Lobo Temporal/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Sinais (Psicologia) , Feminino , Lateralidade Funcional , Hipocampo/irrigação sanguínea , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Macaca fascicularis , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Oxigênio/sangue , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia , Estimulação Luminosa , Lobo Temporal/irrigação sanguínea , Vigília
16.
Acta Neurochir (Wien) ; 157(7): 1113-6, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25948076

RESUMO

The authors report a 61-year-old female patient with a giant cavernous aneurysm in the right internal carotid artery (ICA) leading to acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) 7 days after the occurrence of abducens nerve palsy. She underwent ICA occlusion associated with high-flow bypass. In all five reported patients with a cavernous ICA aneurysm causing ASDH, the size of the aneurysm was giant and cranial nerve signs preceded the rupture. When a patient with a symptomatic cavernous ICA giant aneurysm experiences sudden-onset headache and/or consciousness disturbance, rupture of the aneurysm should be differentiated, even though a cavernous ICA aneurysm rarely causes ASDH.


Assuntos
Doenças do Nervo Abducente/diagnóstico , Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico , Artéria Carótida Interna/patologia , Hematoma Subdural Agudo/diagnóstico , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico , Doenças do Nervo Abducente/complicações , Aneurisma Roto/complicações , Aneurisma Roto/cirurgia , Artéria Carótida Interna/cirurgia , Feminino , Hematoma Subdural Agudo/etiologia , Hematoma Subdural Agudo/cirurgia , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/complicações , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
17.
Acta Neurochir (Wien) ; 156(5): 911-7, 2014 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24604136

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the risk of computed tomography angiography (CTA) during the acute phase of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), while the benefits of CTA in ICH have been well-documented. The present study investigated both the benefits of identifying spot signs, which are supposed to indicate hematoma enlargement after admission, and risks of CTA performed during the acute phase of ICH. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed 323 consecutive patients with spontaneous ICHs admitted to our hospital between April 2009 and March 2012 and who underwent CTA on admission. RESULTS: In 80 patients (24.7 %), spot signs were demonstrated on CTA source images. Multivariate analysis revealed two independent factors correlated with presence of the spot sign: age and hematoma volume (p < 0.05 each). The presence of spot sign was associated with unfavorable outcomes at discharge and hematoma growth after admission (p < 0.05 each). Adverse events related to CTA occurred in 17 patients (5.2 %), including transient renal dysfunction in 16 patients and allergy to contrast medium in one patient. All adverse events completely resolved within 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of the spot sign indicated the possibility of hematoma growth and unfavorable outcomes. A small number of adverse events occurred in association with CTA, but without any permanent deficits. Given the potential benefits and risks, we believe that CTA performed at admission in all patients with ICH is beneficial to improve the outcomes.


Assuntos
Angiografia Cerebral/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Hematoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Meios de Contraste , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Alta do Paciente , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Hemorragia Putaminal/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/efeitos adversos
18.
Juntendo Iji Zasshi ; 70(2): 129-131, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39430209

RESUMO

The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis by controlling various organs and the central nervous system, but analyzing the human hypothalamic nuclei is challenging. Our previous studies applied areal parcellation to high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to delineate hypothalamic nuclei boundaries. This article presents stereotaxic coordinates of these nuclei for fMRI analyses, offering guidance on defining regions of interest and appropriate spatial smoothing kernel sizes. The provided coordinates aid future research in nuclear level hypothalamus analyses.

19.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol ; 45(6): 686-692, 2024 06 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38663988

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide, a neuropeptide and potent endogenous vasodilator, are reportedly higher in patients with migraine than in healthy subjects, both during and between migraine attacks, reflecting ongoing activation of the trigeminal nervous system. In this prospective study, we measured CBF during the interictal period of patients with migraine after considering insomnia and depression and examined the effects of ongoing activation of the trigeminal nervous system, including during the interictal period, on CBF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a total of 242 patient with migraine (age range, 18-75 years), CBF was measured by MR imaging arterial spin-labeling during the interictal period and was compared with results from 26 healthy volunteers younger than 45 years of age as control subjects (age range, 22-45 years). Cortical hyperperfusion was defined as identification of ≥2 cerebral cortical regions with regional CBF values at least 2 SDs above the mean regional CBF in control subjects. RESULTS: The overall frequency of cortical hyperperfusion was significantly higher in patients with migraine (115 of 242, 48%) than in control subjects (1 of 26, 4%). Multivariable analysis revealed the 18- to 40-year age group and patients with migraine without insomnia as significant positive clinical factors associated with cortical hyperperfusion. Among patients with migraine without insomnia, the frequency of cortical hyperperfusion was >92% (89 of 97). One-way ANOVA showed that in all ROIs of the cortex, regional CBF was significantly higher in patients with migraine without insomnia than in patients with migraine with insomnia or control subjects. In patients with migraine without insomnia, cortical hyperperfusion findings showed a sensitivity of 0.918 and a specificity of 0.962 for migraine in the interictal period, representing excellent accuracy. In contrast, among patients with migraine with insomnia, sensitivity was only 0.179 but specificity was 0.962. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with migraine without insomnia may have cortical hyperperfusion during the interictal period; however, the findings of the present study need to be prospectively validated on a larger scale before clinical applicability can be considered.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Enxaqueca , Marcadores de Spin , Humanos , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Idoso , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Cerebral/irrigação sanguínea , Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos
20.
J Gen Appl Microbiol ; 2024 Jul 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39085096

RESUMO

Kusaya shows a high preservability due to the microorganism-derived antibiotics contained in kusaya gravy, which is important for kusaya manufacturing. However, the antimicrobial compounds and its producing bacteria, as well as the antimicrobial activity of the kusaya gravy itself, have remained unknown. In this study, we isolated antibiotic-producing bacteria of the genus Streptomyces from kusaya gravy from Hachijojima and found that they produced antibacterial substances against various fungi and bacteria. In addition, we demonstrated that kusaya gravy itself shows antimicrobial activity, which was consistent with that of the isolates. This is the first report to directly indicate that kusaya gravy contains microorganism-derived antibiotics, which are assumed to be produced by actinomycetes.

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