[Distribution of fleas in rodent colonies in the northwestern Precaspian region].

Distribution of fleas by their rodents hosts was investigated by field experiments using the method of individual labeling both the parasites and the hosts. The experimental site was situated in sand landscapes of the northwestern Precaspian region. Pattern of the contacts between rodents leading to the exchange of their ectoparasites was established. Average distance of the rodent migration from the site of its previous record was 54 m, while the distance of flea transfer for the same period was 142 m. The probability of host exchange by a flea under under its periodic attacks on host amounted to the value 0.500-0.889. The parameters of flea spreading in the northwestern Precaspian region and in the sand landscapes between Volga and Ural were shown to be similar. The ability of the flea Xenopsylla conformis to parasitizing on social vole without a significant decrease of its abundance was revealed.

[Venoarterial perfusion without oxygenation as a means of mechanical aid to the heart in acute failure]. / Venoarterial'naia perfuziia bez oksigenatsii kak sposob mekhanicheskoi pomoshchi serdtsu pri ego ostroi nedostatochnosti.

The efficacy of veno-arterial perfusion without oxygenation was established in experiments on dogs with a model of acute cardiac insufficiency. The overall index of circulation and the percentage of the heart participation in it is an important criterion of the effectiveness of shunting of the left ventricle. This criterion made it possible to determine the therapeutic role of veno-arterial perfusion without oxygenation in aiding the diseased ventricle even when the size of the shunt did not exceed 1/3 of the initial cardiac ejection.

[Middle molecule compounds of the plasma in heart surgery patients in operations with artificial circulation and blood ultrafiltration]. / Srednemolekuliarnye soedineniia plazmy u kardiokhirurgicheskikh bol'nykh pri operatsiiakh s iskusstvennym krovoobrashcheniem i ul'trafil'tratsiei krovi.

Venous plasma middle molecule compounds (MMC) were determined in 63 cardiosurgical patients, operated on for acquired heart diseases or coronary disease, with assisted circulation (AC) and with or without blood ultrafiltration (BUF). Intraoperative MMC level was superior to that of normal donors, and tended to decrease during AC, while BUF had basically no effect on MMC content, in spite of the latter's withdrawal with the ultrafiltrate.

[Extracorporeal circulation with auto-oxygenation in cardiac surgery]. / Mimotelový obeh s autooxygenáciou v kardiochirurgii.

The authors describe briefly the historical development of the method of biventricular bypass without the use of and oxygenator and its technique. With regard to the favourable influence on physiological parameters of the organism, the reduced number of complications and the economic factor, the authors consider its wider use in contemporary coronary surgery justified.

[Mortality in cardiac surgery]. / O letal'nosti v kardiokhirurgii.

The authors analyse the status of the title problem as compared with the experience in surgical activity of the cardiosurgical hospital designed for 75 beds, performing 500-600 heart operations a year with the use of extracorporeal circulation. The total hospital lethality was 0 after "closed" interventions and 5.7% after open correction. Analysis is made of the lethality after the most common operations: aortocoronary shunting (1.8%), prosthetic mitral valve (6.7%), prosthetic aortal valves (8%), and radical correction of Fallot's tetrad (6.2%), and so forth. The paper treats of the structure and causes of the lethality, among which attention is drawn to iatrogenesis. Intensification of surgical work on the basis of the standardization of the main stages of the patient's treatment is regarded as one of the approaches to the lethality reduction.

[Method of recording impulses from an implanted cardiostimulator]. / K metodlike registratsii impul'sov implantirovannogo kardiostimuliatora

An analysis of pulses from an implanted cardiostimulator recorded from the surface of the patient's body is one of the methods permitting it to pass judgment as to its functioning. Because of the possibility of the recording electrodes location coinciding with the equipotential line an erroneous interpretation of the cardiostimulator's condition is not to be ruled out. It is recommended that the pulses should be recorded with their subsequent analysis in no less than 2 standard ECG leads from the limbs.

[Elaboration of the structure and principles of construction of a unified system for the apparatus for artificial circulation]. / Razrabotka struktury i printsipov postroeniia edinoi sistemy apparatury iskusstvennogo krovoobrashcheniia

A pertinet analysis and assessment of medico-technical and ergonomic characteristics, both of individual extracorporeal circulation units (ECU) and major functional components (pumps, oxygenators, etc) served as a background to suggesting a principle for establishing a unitized ECU system based on the functional (performance) and spatial (packaged) module.

[Characteristics of air retention by different extracorporeal filters during artificial circulation]. / Kharakteristiki uderzhivaniia vozdukha razlichnymi ékstrakorporal'nymi fil'trami pri iskusstvennom krovoobrashchenii.

The paper concerns the present-day problem of estimating the efficiency of the functioning of extracorporeal filters in artificial circulation. A method for laboratory studies of extracorporeal filters is offered. The results obtained with the use of the method are provided in order to compare air retention by modern filters. The interference-killing feature and practical feasibility with the use of the popular standard equipment should be attributed to undoubtful advantages of the method suggested. The data obtained are of interest both for users of extracorporeal filters and those who are engaged in the development of the equipment for artificial circulation.

[Heart transplantation conducted at the All-Union Research Center of Surgery (the first clinical experience)]. / Transplantatsiia serdtsa v VNTsKh (pervyi klinicheskii opyt).

The authors analyse experience in the first eight operations for orthotopic transplantation of the heart. Six patients were discharged from the clinic with good immediate results. Comparison of their own data with summarized results gained in other countries allowed the authors to define some specific problems which are of practical interest for clinics embarking on the clinical realization of the problem of heart transplantation.

[The use of the new Soviet crystalloid mafusol as a hemodiluent in surgery using artificial circulation]. / Primenenie novogo otechestvennogo kristalloida mafusola v kachestve gemodiliuenta pri operatsiiakh s iskusstvennym krovoobrashcheniem.

Two Soviet-made polyionic crystalloid solutions--mafusol, containing sodium fumarate and lactasol, containing sodium lactate--were compared as hemodiluents used during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. It has been shown that both solutions are adequate preparations quite effective as a crystalloid component of the perfusion medium in assisted circulation.

[Selective ultrafiltration: a new variant of hemoconcentration during surgery with artificial circulation]. / Selektivnaia ul'trafil'tratsiia: novyi variant gemokontsentratsii pri operatsiiakh s iskusstvennym krovoobrashcheniem.

The authors provide an experience with a novel alternative of ultrafiltration hemoconcentration applied to 26 patients in surgery involving extracorporeal circulation. The advantages of the new procedure are maintenance of higher colloid-osmotic pressure, prevention of hyperglycemia, lower body elimination of biologically active compounds and drugs than those observed during the routine procedure of ultrafiltration comprising extracorporeal circulation.

[The Soviet colloid modegel as a component of a perfusion medium used in surgery with extracorporeal circulation]. / Otechestvennyi kolloid modezhel' kak komponent perfuzionnoi sredy dlia operatsii s iskusstvennym krovoobrashcheniem.

The results of the application of a new Soviet colloid solution modegel in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in 50 patients have been analysed. The data obtained have been compared to those of control patients who were administered gelatinol instead of modegel. Modegel ensures optimal basic plasma electrolyte content, colloid-osmotic pressure and osmolality during perfusion.

[Initial experience of work on a program of complete preservation of the patient's blood in heart surgery]. / Pervyi opyt raboty po programme polnogo sokhraneniia krovi patienta v kardiokhirurgii.

A complex program on complete preservation of a patient's blood was adopted during and after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. The major principles of such a "hemotransfusionless" surgery are 1) to minimize irrevocable blood loss; 2) to fully return a cardioplegic solution into the blood during extracorporeal circulation; 3) to apply autohemotransfusion controlled by hemodilution and hemoconcentration; and 4) to reinfuse drained blood in the nearest postoperative period. One hundred and twelve patients were treated by the program. The average expenditure of donor blood per patient was 543 +/- 343 ml, donor blood was not transfused to 44 (39%) patients during their entire stay in hospital.