Pathways into psychopathology: Modeling the effects of trait emotional intelligence, mindfulness, and irrational beliefs in a clinical sample.

We investigated possible pathways into mental illness via the combined effects of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI), mindfulness, and irrational beliefs. The sample comprised 121 psychiatric outpatients (64.5% males, mean age = 38.8 years) with a variety of formal clinical diagnoses. Psychopathology was operationalized by means of 3 distinct indicators from the Millon Clinical Multi-Axial Inventory (mild pathology, severe pathology, and clinical symptomatology). A structural equation model confirmed significant direct trait EI and mindfulness effects on irrational beliefs and psychopathology. Trait EI also had a significant indirect effect on psychopathology via mindfulness. Together, the 3 constructs accounted for 44% of the variance in psychopathology. A series of hierarchical regressions demonstrated that trait EI is a stronger predictor of psychopathology than mindfulness and irrational beliefs combined. We conclude that the identified pathways can provide the basis for the development of safe and effective responses to the ongoing mental health and overmedication crises. KEY PRACTITIONERS MESSAGES: Self-perception constructs concerning one's beliefs about oneself have a major impact on the likelihood of developing psychopathological symptoms. Emotional perceptions captured by trait emotional intelligence were stronger predictors of psychopathology than either or both mindfulness and irrational beliefs in a clinical sample of adults. If the seed factors of psychopathology are mainly psychological, rather than mainly biological, and given that psychological constructs, like trait emotional intelligence, mindfulness, and irrational beliefs, are amenable to training and optimization, the findings herein provide the impetus for a much needed shift of emphasis from pharmacological to psychological treatments.

Evidence of emotion dysregulation as a core symptom of adult ADHD: A systematic review.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder, with an onset in childhood, that accompanies the person throughout their life, with prevalence between 3 and 5% in adults. Recent studies point towards a fourth core symptom of the disorder related to the emotional information processing that would explain the repercussions that ADHD has on the social, academic, and professional life of the people affected. This review aims to describe emotion dysregulation features as well as the brain activity associated in adults with ADHD. A search of the scientific literature was launched in specialized databases: PsycInfo, Medline, Eric, PsycArticle, Psicodoc and Scopus, following PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria: (a) an ADHD clinical diagnosis, (b) participants over 18 years old, (c) emotion regulation measurement, (d) empirical studies, and (c) in English. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies included, they were classified into three sections: measures and features of emotion regulation (ER) in people with ADHD, neurological and psychophysiological activity related to ER, and treatments. The studies found that meet the selection criteria are scarce and very heterogeneous both in aims and in sample features. Adults with ADHD show a more frequent use of non-adaptive emotion regulation strategies compared to people without ADHD symptoms. Moreover, emotion dysregulation was associated with symptom severity, executive functioning, psychiatric comorbidities, and even with criminal conviction. Different patterns of brain activity were observed when people with and without ADHD were compared. These results may suggest that psychopharmacological treatments as well as behavioral therapies could be useful tools for improving emotional difficulties in adult ADHD.

Invariance of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Construct Across Clinical Populations and Sociodemographic Variables.

Recent research has shown that cultural, linguistic, and sociodemographic peculiarities influence the measurement of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI). Assessing trait EI in different populations fosters cross-cultural research and expands the construct's nomological network. In mental health, the trait EI of clinical populations has been scarcely researched. Accordingly, the present study examined the relationship between trait EI and key sociodemographic variables on Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue-SF) datasets with mental healthcare patients from three different Spanish-speaking countries. Collectively, these datasets comprised 528 participants, 23% from Chile (120), 28% from Peru (150), and 49% from Spain (258). The sociodemographic variables we used for trait EI comparisons were gender, age, educational level, civil status, and occupational status. Analyses involved Multigroup Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (to test measurement invariance) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Our results revealed significant between-country differences in trait EI across the studied sociodemographic variables and interactions between these variables. Measurement invariance across the datasets was attained up to the scalar level regarding gender and education (i.e., strong invariance), although analyses on age, civil status, and occupation displayed non-invariance. The resultant psychometric evidence supports the suitability of the TEIQue-SF for the accurate cross-cultural assessment of trait EI in mental health settings. It also highlights the importance of incorporating trait EI into extant psychotherapeutic frameworks to enhance non-pharmacological treatment efficacy.

Impact of the MooN Physical Education Program on the Socio-Emotional Competencies of Preadolescents.

Few studies have analyzed emotional educational experiences through physical education interventions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on socio-emotional competencies of a physical education intervention (i.e., the MooN program) based on the instructional model known as the sports education model (SEM), compared to a physical education intervention based on the traditional model of direct instruction (TM-DI) in preadolescents. The sample consisted of 170 students between 10 and 13 years old (mean age: M = 10.76; standard deviation: SD = 0.73). Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (SEM; n = 87) and the active control group (TM-DI; n = 83). In the experimental group, the SEM-based intervention was applied, while in the active control group, an intervention based on the TM-DI was developed. A quasi-experimental design with repeated pre-test and post-test measures and an active control group was used. The self-efficacy inventory for multiple intelligences (IAMI-40) was used to assess the children's socio-emotional competencies. The child perfectionism inventory was applied to evaluate the self-demand perfectionist efforts. The results confirmed that the MooN program (SEM intervention) promoted significant improvements in socio-emotional competencies. These findings support the potential of this physical education instructional model as an emotional education pathway for the socio-emotional improvement of preadolescent students.

Strengths Against Psychopathology in Adolescents: Ratifying the Robust Buffer Role of Trait Emotional Intelligence.

The aim of this study was to unravel the interrelated effects of trait emotional intelligence (Trait EI), mindfulness, and irrational beliefs on adolescent mental health. A random sample of students from three secondary schools in Spain and eight secondary schools in Portugal was recruited. We conducted four-step hierarchical regression analyses. We also conducted regression analyses to examine the role of mindfulness skills and catastrophizing as mediators of the link between emotional intelligence and psychosocial problems. Finally, the SPSS PROCESS computing tool was used to perform conditional process analysis (model 6). A total of 1370 adolescents from Spain (n = 591) and Portugal (n = 779) participated in this study (mean age = 14.97, SD = 1.50; range = 12-18). The mediation analyses confirmed that adolescent mental health was determined by Trait EI directly, and by mindfulness skills and catastrophizing thoughts in an indirect way. Together, the four variables explained 44% of psychopathology, with EI being the most powerful predictor, which ratify the robust buffer role and incremental validity of Trait EI against youth mental health. The identified pathways provide keys for emotional education interventions aimed at promoting adolescent mental health.

Pathways Into Psychosocial Adjustment in Children: Modeling the Effects of Trait Emotional Intelligence, Social-Emotional Problems, and Gender.

Trait Emotional intelligence (Trait EI) can be understood as a personality trait related to individual differences in recognition, processing, and the regulation of emotionally charged information. Trait EI has been considered a variable of great importance in determining psychosocial adjustment. However, most research on Trait EI has focused on adult and adolescent populations, while very few studies have explored its influence on children. The aim of this study was to analyze possible pathways into psychosocial adjustment in children by examining the combined effects of Trait EI and emotional and social problems. It also aimed to assess the possible mediating role of gender in this relationship. A total of 268 Spanish children participated in this study, ranging in age from 8 to 12 years (mean age = 10.09, SD = 1.32, 45.10% male). Selected measures were applied through a web-based survey called DetectaWeb. The regression and mediation/moderation analyses confirmed that psychosocial adjustment in children was determined by Trait EI directly and by emotional and social problems in an indirect way. Together, the three variables explained 46% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment, although Trait EI was the most powerful predictor (44%), demonstrating incremental validity over and above social and emotional problems. In addition, gender was shown to be a moderating variable between Trait EI and psychosocial adjustment; for girls specifically, lower Trait EI scores were a determinant of lower levels of psychosocial adjustment, regardless of emotional and social problems. It can be concluded that the identified pathways provide keys for emotional education interventions aimed at promoting psychosocial adjustment, well-being, and good mental health among children. Our findings support the buffer role of Trait EI against maladjustment risk in children, but more clearly in girls.

Cultura de seguridad del paciente por enfermería perioperatoria en un hospital público de Aguascalientes / Culture of security of the patient by perioperative nursing in a public hospital of Aguascalientes

Introducción: la cultura de seguridad del paciente es el resultado de los valores individuales y grupales, así como de actitudes, percepciones, competencias y patrones de comportamiento, que determinan el compromiso, estilo y competencia de una organización hacia la salud y manejo de la seguridad. Diversos organismos internacionales y nacionales reconocen el quirófano como un servicio hospitalario de alto riesgo en materia de seguridad del paciente. Objetivo: describir la cultura de seguridad del paciente por enfermería perioperatoria en un hospital público de Aguas- calientes, México. Metodología: estudio descriptivo y transversal. La muestra se conformó con 59 trabajadores con contratación indefinida que desempeñaban funciones de circulante, instrumentista, en sala de preanestesia y de recuperación posanestésica, durante los turnos matutino, vespertino y nocturno. Se realizó un censo estadístico. La población de estudio incluyó a 52 personas. Se utilizó el cuestionario sobre seguridad de los pacientes, con alfa de Cronbach de 0.96. Resultados: el aprendizaje organizacional mostró 57.7% de respuestas positivas. Las dimensiones restantes tuvieron res- puestas neutras. El grado de seguridad del paciente fue µd = 8.0. El grado de cultura de seguridad del paciente fue µd = 133.0 puntos. Existió buena cultura en el 73% de los casos. Conclusiones: la cultura de seguridad del paciente fue buena. El turno vespertino registró mayor cultura de seguridad del paciente.

Introduction: The Patient Safety Culture is the result of individual and group values, as well as attitudes, perceptions, competencies and behavior patterns, which determine the commitment, style and competence of an organization towards health and management of the security. The opera- ting room is recognized by various international and national organizations as a high-risk hospital service in terms of patient safety. Objective: To describe the Patient Safety Culture for perioperative nursing in a public hospital in Aguascalientes, Mexico. Methods: Descriptive-transversal study. The universe was made up of 59 workers with permanent contracts who per- formed the functions of circulating, instrumentalist, in the pre-anesthesia and post-anesthesia recovery rooms, during the morning, afternoon and night shifts. A statistical census was carried out. The study population was 52 people. The Patient Safety Survey was used, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.96. Results: Organizational learning presented 57.7% positive responses. The remaining dimensions showed neutral responses. The degree of patient safety was µd = 8.0. The level of Patient Safety Culture was µd = 133.0 points. There was a good culture in 73% of the cases. Conclusions: The Patient Safety Culture was good. The afternoon shift presented a higher Patient Safety Culture.

Inteligencias múltiples y su relación con inteligencias cognitiva y emocional en adolescentes / Multiple Intelligences and their Relationships with Cognitive and Emotional Intelligences in Adolescents

Resumen A partir del Inventario de Autoeficacia para Inteligencias Múltiples (IAMI), desarrollado en Argentina por Pérez, Beltramino y Cupani (2003), presentamos una adaptación abreviada para adolescentes españoles (IAMI-M40). IAMI evalúa la autoeficacia que los adolescentes tienen sobre las distintas inteligencias múltiples (IIMM) propuestas por Gardner (1999). En una muestra de estudiantes españoles de educación secundaria de 11 a 19 años (n = 313), se evaluó su inteligencia fluida (PMA-R), cristalizada (16-PF-R) y emocional (TEIQue-ASF), y su nivel de IIMM mediante una adaptación española. El análisis factorial exploratorio de la adaptación española identificó ocho factores correspondientes a cada tipo de inteligencia del modelo de Gardner (1999), reteniendo 40 ítems de los 69 originales. Los resultados avalan la fiabilidad y la validez convergente del IAMI-M40.

Abstract From the Self-Efficacy Inventory for Multiple Intelligences (IAMI), developed in Argentina by Pérez, Beltramino and Cupani (2003), we present a shortened adaptation of this self-report for Spanish adolescents (IAMI-M40). IAMI evaluates the self-efficacy that adolescents have about the different multiple intelligences (IIMM) proposed by Gardner (1999). In a sample of Spanish secondary school students 11 to 19 years (n = 313), its fluid (PMA-R), crystallized (16-PF-R), and emotional intelligence (TEIQue-ASF) and their level of IIMM by an Spanish adaptation of IAMI was assessed. Exploratory factor analysis of the Spanish adaptation of IAMI identified eight factors for each type of intelligence according to the Gardner's (1999) model, holding 40 items of the 69 original. The results support the reliability and convergent validity of IAMI-M40.

El cuestionario sociométrico Guess Who 4 como screening de la competencia social en educación primaria / Guess Who 4 Sociometric Questionnaire as Screening of Social Competence in Elementary Education

Resumen Este trabajo presenta la adaptación y validación española del Cuestionario Sociométrico Guess Who 4 (GW4) (Mavroveli, Petrides, Sangareau, & Furnham, 2009), que evalúa la reputación social en el contexto del grupo-aula, fundamentado en la técnica de evaluación por pares de Coie & Dodge (1988). La muestra se compone de 668 alumnos de tercero a sexto de Educación Primaria, y edades comprendidas entre 7-13 años (M= 9.6, DT= 1.11). Se analizan las correlaciones del GW4 con problemas emocionales y de conducta infantil, y rendimiento académico, en función del sexo. Los resultados avalan la fiabilidad y validez criterial del instrumento para la evaluación breve de la competencia social, con fines de investigación o de aplicación en la práctica de la evaluación psicoeducativa y la orientación psicopedagógica.

Abstract This paper presents the Spanish adaptation and validation of the Guess Who 4 Sociometric Questionnaire (GW4) (Mavroveli, Petrides, Sangareau, and Furnham, 2009), which assesses the social reputation in the context of group-classroom, based on the peer assessment technique by Coie and Dodge (1988). The sample consists of 668 students from third to sixth of primary education, aged 7-13 years (M =9.6, SD=1.11). GW4 correlations with emotional and behavioral problems of child and academic performance are analyzed. The results support the reliability and criterion validity of the instrument as a brief assessment of social competence, for use in research or application to psychoeducational assessment and counseling.