[Intervention with rumba and nutrition education to modify cardiovascular risk factors in adults with metabolic syndrome]. / Intervención con rumba y educación nutricional para modificar factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adultos con síndrome metabólico.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of an intervention with rumba dance and nutrition education on the cardiovascular risk factors in a group of people with metabolic syndrome in a rural area of Colombia. METHODS: Controlled, randomized clinical trial that included 59 people between 30 and 60 years of age with metabolic syndrome. The intervention group (n = 30) participated in a 12-week exercise program of aerobic rumba (60 minutes, 3 days per week) and muscle-strengthening work (30 minutes, twice a week). Each week the group also received two hours of nutrition education. The control group (n = 29) continued with conventional care. An assessment was made of the effect on the cardiovascular risk factors (physiological, metabolic, anthropometric, and nutritional) in the intervention group. RESULTS: The intervention group showed a reduction in systolic blood pressure (-10.0 mmHg; CI95%: -14.3 to -5.6, P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (-4.8 mmHg; CI95%: -8.4 to -1.1, P < 0.05) and overall cardiovascular risk at 10 years (-1.5%; CI95%: -2.7 to -0.3, P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was an increase in peak oxygen con-sumption (1.7 ml O2∙kg-1∙min-1; CI95%: 0.1 to 3.3, P < 0.05) and muscular strength (P < 0.001). Positive changes were also observed in body composition, caloric intake, and consumption of macro and micronutrients (P < 0.05). No differences were detected between metabolic variables in the two groups or in inflammatory markers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An exercise program with rumba and muscular strengthening, combined with nutrition education, favorably modifies cardiovascular risk factors in people with metabolic syndrome.

The 4R's Framework of Nutritional Strategies for Post-Exercise Recovery: A Review with Emphasis on New Generation of Carbohydrates.

Post-exercise recovery is a broad term that refers to the restoration of training capacity. After training or competition, there is fatigue accumulation and a reduction in sports performance. In the hours and days following training, the body recovers and performance is expected to return to normal or improve. ScienceDirect, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were reviewed to identify studies and position declarations examining the relationship between nutrition and sports recovery. As an evidence-based framework, a 4R's approach to optimizing post-exercise recovery was identified: (i) Rehydration-a fundamental process that will depend on the athlete, environment and sports event; (ii) Refuel-the consumption of carbohydrates is not only important to replenish the glycogen reserves but also to contribute to the energy requirements for the immune system and tissue reparation. Several bioengineered carbohydrates were discussed but further research is needed; (iii) Repair-post-exercise ingestion of high-quality protein and creatine monohydrate benefit the tissue growth and repair; and (iv) Rest-pre-sleep nutrition has a restorative effect that facilitates the recovery of the musculoskeletal, endocrine, immune, and nervous systems. Nutritional consultancy based on the 4R's is important for the wise stewardship of the hydration, feeding, and supplementation strategies to achieve a timely recovery.

Dietary Nitrate from Beetroot Juice for Hypertension: A Systematic Review.

According to current therapeutic approaches, a nitrate-dietary supplementation with beetroot juice (BRJ) is postulated as a nutritional strategy that might help to control arterial blood pressure in healthy subjects, pre-hypertensive population, and even patients diagnosed and treated with drugs. In this sense, a systematic review of random clinical trials (RCTs) published from 2008 to 2018 from PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and manual searches was conducted to identify studies examining the relationship between BRJ and blood pressure. The specific inclusion criteria were: (1) RCTs; (2) trials that assessed only the BRJ intake with control group; and (3) trials that reported the effects of this intervention on blood pressure. The search identified 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria. This review was able to demonstrate that BRJ supplementation is a cost-effective strategy that might reduce blood pressure in different populations, probably through the nitrate/nitrite/nitric oxide (NO3-/NO2-/NO) pathway and secondary metabolites found in Beta vulgaris. This easily found and cheap dietary intervention could significantly decrease the risk of suffering cardiovascular events and, in doing so, would help to diminish the mortality rate associated to this pathology. Hence, BRJ supplementation should be promoted as a key component of a healthy lifestyle to control blood pressure in healthy and hypertensive individuals. However, several factors related to BRJ intake (e.g., gender, secondary metabolites present in B. vulgaris, etc.) should be studied more deeply.

Postexercise rehydration: potassium-rich drinks versus water and a sports drink.

Fluid retention, thirst quenching, tolerance, and palatability of different drinks were assessed. On 4 different days, 12 healthy, physically active volunteers (24.4 ± 3.2 years old, 74.75 ± 11.36 kg body mass (mean ± S.D)), were dehydrated to 2.10% ± 0.24% body mass by exercising in an environmental chamber (32.0 ± 0.4 °C dry bulb, 53.8 ± 5.2% relative humidity). Each day they drank 1 of 4 beverages in random order: fresh coconut water (FCW), bottled water (W), sports drink (SD), or potassium-rich drink (NEW); volume was 120% of weight loss. Urine was collected and perceptions self-reported for 3 h. Urine output was higher (p < 0.05) for W (894 ± 178 mL) than SD (605 ± 297 mL) and NEW (599 ± 254 mL). FCW (686 ± 250 mL) was not different from any other drink (p > 0.05). Fluid retention was higher for SD than W (68.2% ± 13.0% vs. 51.3% ± 12.6%, p = 0.013), but not for FCW and NEW (62.5% ± 15.4% and 65.9% ± 15.4%, p > 0.05). All beverages were palatable and well tolerated; none maintained a positive net fluid balance after 3 h, but deficit was greater in W versus SD (p = 0.001). FCW scored higher for sweetness (p = 0.03). Thirst increased immediately after exercise but returned to baseline after drinking a small volume (p < 0.0005). In conclusion, additional potassium in FCW and NEW did not result in additional rehydration benefits over those already found in a conventional sports drink with sodium.

Effect of dancing and nutrition education on hemodynamic and autonomic status in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial / Efecto del baile y la educación nutricional sobre el estado hemodinámico y autonómico en adultos con síndrome metabólico: un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorio

Abstract Background: Although the benefits of exercise and changes in lifestyle on components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) have been described, little is known about the effect of dancing and nutritional changes on the cardiovascular system. Objective: Evaluate the effect of an intervention based on dancing and nutrition education on hemodynamic and autonomic status in adults with MS. Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted involving 59 adults with MS. The intervention lasted 12 weeks and consisted of an aerobic exercise program (dancing) at an intensity of 60-75% of heart rate reserve, 60 minutes 3 times a week, and muscle strength training at an intensity of 50% of a maximum repetition, 30 minutes twice a week. The nutrition education program consisted of 2-hour workshops each week. Assessment of impedance cardiography and function of nervous system with analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) were made before and after the intervention. Results: In the intervention group, a decrease in mean arterial pressure of -7.8 mmHg (95% CI, -12.84 to -2.75; P = 0.004) was found as well as in the systemic vascular resistance (SVR) index of -864.29 dyn·s·m2/cm5 (95% CI, -1506.31 to -222.26; P = 0.010). Increase was observed in the cardiac output index of 0.48 L/min/m2 (95% CI, 0.14 to 0.83; P = 0.007). In the spectral analysis of HRV a reduction in LF/HF ratio of -0.52 (95% CI, -1.02 to -0.02; P = 0.040) was also found.

Resumen Antecedentes: Aunque se describieron los beneficios del ejercicio y cambios en el estilo de vida sobre los componentes del síndrome metabólico (SM), poco se sabe del efecto del baile y la nutrición en el sistema cardiovascular. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de una intervención de baile y educación nutricional sobre el estado hemodinámico y autonómico en adultos con SM. Materiales y métodos: Ensayo clínico controlado que incluyó 59 adultos con SM. La intervención duró 12 semanas y consistió en un programa de baile a una intensidad del 60 a 75% de la frecuencia cardiaca de reserva, 60 minutos, 3 veces a la semana, y entrenamiento de la fuerza a una intensidad del 50%, 30 minutos dos veces a la semana. El programa nutricional consistió en talleres de 2 horas cada semana. La cardiografía de impedancia y el análisis de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) fueron realizados antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: El grupo de intervención disminuyó la presión arterial media en -7,8 mmHg (IC 95%, -12,84 a -2,75; p = 0,004) y el índice de resistencia vascular sistémica (RVS) en -864,29 dyn·s·m2/cm5 (IC 95%, -1506,31 a -222,26; p = 0,010); y aumentó, el índice de gasto cardiaco en 0,48 L/min/m2 (IC 95%, 0,14 a 0,83; p = 0,007). En la VFC se reportó una reducción en la relación LF/HF de -0,52 (IC 95%, -1,02 a -0,02; p = 0,040). Conclusiones: Una intervención de baile y educación nutricional disminuye la presión arterial y la RVS y tiene efectos favorables en el balance simpático-vagal en pacientes con SM.

Intervención con rumba y educación nutricional para modificar factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adultos con síndrome metabólico / Intervention with rumba and nutrition education to modify cardiovascular risk factors in adults with metabolic syndrome

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de una intervención de rumba y educación nutricional sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en un grupo de personas con síndrome metabólico de un área rural de Colombia. Métodos. Ensayo clínico controlado con asignación aleatoria, que incluyó 59 personas entre 30 y 60 años con síndrome metabólico. El grupo de intervención (n = 30) participó en un programa de 12 semanas de ejercicio con rumba aeróbica, 60 minutos, tres días por semana y trabajo de fortalecimiento muscular, 30 minutos, dos veces por semana. Además, recibió educación nutricional durante dos horas cada semana. El grupo control (n = 29) continuó con los cuidados convencionales. Se evaluó el efecto de la intervención de grupo sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular: fisiológicos, metabólicos, antropométricos y nutricionales. Resultados. En el grupo de intervención disminuyó la tensión arterial sistólica (-10,0 mmHg; IC95%: -14,3 a -5,6, P < 0,001), la diastólica (-4,8 mmHg; IC95%: -8,4 a -1,1, P < 0,05) y la puntuación del riesgo cardiovascular global a 10 años (-1,5%; IC95%: -2,7 a - 0,3, P < 0,05). Además, aumentaron el consumo de oxígeno máximo (1,7 mL O2.kg-1.min-1; IC95%: 0,1 a 3,3, P < 0,05) y la fuerza muscular (P < 0,001). También se observaron cambios favorables en la composición corporal, en la ingesta calórica y en el consumo de macro y micronutrientes (P < 0,05). No se detectaron diferencias entre los dos grupos en las variables metabólicas ni en los marcadores inflamatorios (P > 0,05). Conclusiones. Un programa de ejercicio con rumba y fortalecimiento muscular, unido a educación nutricional, modifica favorablemente los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en personas con síndrome metabólico.

Objective. Evaluate the effect of an intervention with rumba dance and nutrition education on the cardiovascular risk factors in a group of people with metabolic syndrome in a rural area of Colombia. Methods. Controlled, randomized clinical trial that included 59 people between 30 and 60 years of age with metabolic syndrome. The intervention group (n = 30) participated in a 12-week exercise program of aerobic rumba (60 minutes, 3 days per week) and muscle-strengthening work (30 minutes, twice a week). Each week the group also received two hours of nutrition education. The control group (n = 29) continued with conventional care. An assessment was made of the effect on the cardiovascular risk factors (physiological, metabolic, anthropometric, and nutritional) in the intervention group. Results. The intervention group showed a reduction in systolic blood pressure (-10.0 mmHg; CI95%: -14.3 to -5.6, P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (-4.8 mmHg; CI95%: -8.4 to -1.1, P < 0.05) and overall cardiovascular risk at 10 years (-1.5%; CI95%: -2.7 to -0.3, P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was an increase in peak oxygen con­sumption (1.7 ml O2∙kg-1∙min-1; CI95%: 0.1 to 3.3, P < 0.05) and muscular strength (P < 0.001). Positive changes were also observed in body composition, caloric intake, and consumption of macro and micronutrients (P < 0.05). No differences were detected between metabolic variables in the two groups or in inflammatory markers (P < 0.05). Conclusions. An exercise program with rumba and muscular strengthening, combined with nutrition education, favorably modifies cardiovascular risk factors in people with metabolic syndrome.