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1.
Indian J Public Health ; 62(4): 302-304, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30539894

RESUMO

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major public health problem in India accounting for 62% of the total burden of foregone DALYs and 53% of total deaths. Out-of-pocket expenditure associated with the acute and long-term effects of NCDs is high resulting in catastrophic health expenditure for the households. A large national survey in India found that spending on NCDs accounted for 5.17% of household expenditure. According to a macroeconomic analysis, it is estimated that each 10% increase in NCDs is associated with a 0.5% lower rate of annual economic growth. The income loss due to hypertension is the highest, followed by diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The macroeconomic impact of NCDs is profound as they cause loss of productivity and decrease in gross domestic product. Since the health sector alone cannot deal with the "chronic emergency" of NCDs, a multisectoral action addressing the social determinants and strengthening of health systems for universal coverage to population and individual services is required.


Assuntos
Doenças não Transmissíveis/economia , Doenças não Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/economia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Diabetes Mellitus/economia , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Eficiência , Financiamento Governamental , Financiamento Pessoal , Gastos em Saúde , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos
2.
Indian J Public Health ; 59(3): 196-203, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26354395

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The status of spiritual health of the population of India at large including that of young medical undergraduates who are the caregivers of the future and its association, if any, with coping skills in crisis situations is yet to be explored. OBJECTIVES: To measure the spiritual health status of the study population, describe the coping skills used by them in crisis situations, identify the sociodemographic factors associated with their spiritual health, and to determine the association of spiritual health status of the study population and their coping skills. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was performed among the third semester medical students in government medical colleges of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The study was conducted among 362 medical students by the survey questionnaire method. The Spiritual Health Scale 2011 (SHS 2011) and the Brief COPE Scale were used to measure the spiritual health and coping status, respectively. RESULTS: Of all the respondents, 75.7% had refined spiritual health. The mean spiritual health score of the female students was significantly higher than that of the males. Of all the students, 66.1% showed good coping scores. Of all the respondents, 86.2% and 24.5% had higher adaptive and maladaptive coping scores, respectively. Refined spiritual categories were seen more among those students whose fathers had higher education and whose families arranged rituals at their homes. The spiritual health, self-evolution, and self-actualization scores of the respondents were significantly related to the adaptive coping scores and the fathers' education. CONCLUSION: The coping skills and hence, the spiritual health of the medical students were greatly influenced by the education of the father and cultural factor(s) like arranging annual rituals at home.

3.
J Family Med Prim Care ; 13(5): 2066-2072, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38948626

RESUMO

Context: With the ageing of Indian society, providing a healthy life among older people is a public health precedence. Therefore, beforehand discovery and possible forestalment of frailty may help promote healthy ageing and dwindle the social, mental and financial burden of their families and caregivers. Aims: The study aimed to assess the proportion of frailty and its associated factors among the elderly aged 65 years and above in a rural community of West Bengal. Settings and Design: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 elderlies selected from 15 villages out of a total 64 villages of Singur under the Hooghly District of West Bengal from January 2019 to February 2020. Materials and Methods: Cluster sampling technique was used. Data was collected using a pre-designed, pre-tested structured schedule including Fried frailty phenotype (FFP), geriatric depression scale short form (GDS 15) and mini nutritional assessment (MNA) tool. Statistical Analysis Used: Associated factors of frailty were assessed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression using SPSS version 16 software and MS Excel 2019. Results: The proportion of frailty was observed to be 23.7% and that of prefrailty 40.7%. Frailty was significantly associated with increasing age [AOR(CI) 1.2(1.1-1.3)], decreasing years of schooling [AOR(CI) 1.3(1.1-1.5)], loss of spouse [AOR(CI) 4.2(1.2-15.2)], financial dependency [AOR(CI) 19.3(2.7-139.0)], staying at home [AOR(CI) 16.3(2.7-98.2)], presence of anaemia [AOR(CI) 3.6(1.3-9.5)], at risk of malnutrition [AOR(CI) 6.5(1.9-22.3)], increasing number of falls in the last 1 year [AOR(CI) 4.3(1.2-15.6)], presence of 3 or more chronic diseases [AOR(CI) 154.7(12.1-1981.9)] and depression [AOR(CI) 8.3(2.5-27.0)]. Conclusion: The burden of frailty among the study population is relatively high. It's an intimidating situation that needs bettered screening provisions for early discovery with special stress on nutritive upliftment. Screening for depression should also be done regularly.

4.
Indian J Public Health ; 56(1): 31-6, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22684170

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Domestic violence has serious impact on women's health and well-being. A nationwide survey conducted in India observed that 37.2% of women experienced violence after marriage. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of domestic violence among the ever married women in reproductive age group and to find out the types of domestic violence and factors associated with it. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a community based cross-sectional study, conducted in a slum area of Kolkata. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Overall prevalence of domestic violence was 54%, of which 41.9% suffered from both current and lifetime physical and psychological violence. Presence of property, higher per capita income and social support were protective factors against domestic violence, whereas alcohol addiction and multiple sex partners were the important contributory factors for it. The study recommended more social support, awareness and income generation for women in the slum areas.


Assuntos
Casamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Áreas de Pobreza , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Intoxicação Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Índia/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Apoio Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Saúde da Mulher
5.
J Family Med Prim Care ; 10(8): 2859-2861, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34660418

RESUMO

CONTEXT: Oral health is a key indicator of overall health and wellbeing. Despite adequate medical advancements in global oral health, problems still persist in many communities in India especially in the hard to reach areas of the vulnerable population. AIMS: This study aimed to assess the oral hygiene status among adults of Santhal tribe in a rural area of West Bengal and to find out the factors associated with their oral hygiene status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among adults of Santhal tribe in a rural area of Paschim Bardhhaman district, West Bengal. Data was collected from 103 participants by simple random sampling (without replacement) technique using a predesigned pretested structured schedule. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2010. RESULTS: The mean age of the study participants was 32.17 ± 12.72 years. Half (50.5%) were female participants. The proportion of poor oral hygiene status was 38.8%. Significant predictors of poor oral hygiene status on univariate logistic regression were age group (P = 0.011), gender (P = 0.013), alcohol consumption (P = 0.001), use of "datun" (P = 0.011), smokeless tobacco (SLT) use (P = 0.000), and both smoking Tobacco (ST)-SLT use (P = 0.000). In multivariable model, "datun" use (P = 0.013), SLT use (P = 0.001), both ST-SLT use (P = 0.004) retained their significant association with poor oral hygiene status. CONCLUSION: The present study findings emphasize on necessity of awareness generation regarding oral hygiene and strategic implementation of essential oral care in tribal communities residing in this area of West Bengal.

6.
J Family Med Prim Care ; 9(9): 4861-4868, 2020 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33209813

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mothers constitute an important and priority group in any community due to their high pregnancy related morbidities and mortality. The prevention of pregnancy related complications was possible with proper utilisation of maternal health care services. This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the utilisation of maternal health care services among mothers with younger child aged ≤3 years in slums of Kolkata, West Bengal and to find out the factors associated with it. METHODOLOGY: It was a community-based, observational study with cross-sectional design conducted in slums of Kolkata from June 2017 to May 2018. 30 slums [under Kolkata municipal corporation] were selected by cluster sampling technique using probability proportionate to size method. 10 mothers were selected from each slum and a total of 300 mothers were selected for the study. A pre-designed, pre-tested, structured schedule was used for data collection. RESULTS: The mean age of the mothers was 23.83 (±3.64) years with the age ranging from 18 to 35 years. 75.7% mothers were registered in 1st trimester of pregnancy and 100% mothers received ≥4 antenatal check-ups. But only 78% mothers consumed ≥100 IFA tablets and only 23.3% mothers consumed ≥360 calcium tablets in antenatal period. 80.3% of the mothers had unsatisfactory utilisation of maternal health care services. Unsatisfactory utilisation of maternal care services was significantly associated with the younger age of the mothers, a smaller number of pregnancies and teenage marriage. CONCLUSION: Utilisation maternal health care services was not satisfactory among mothers in slums of Kolkata. Awareness generation and behaviour change communication among mothers is necessary for proper utilisation of the services.

7.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg ; 112(6): 294-299, 2018 06 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29992273

RESUMO

Background and objectives: The HIV-associated renal diseases represent a spectrum. Indian data on this is sparse. This study was undertaken to find out the prevalence and clinicopathological spectrum of renal involvement in HIV among antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve patients (Group 1) and among those on ART (Group 2). Methods: Systematic random sampling was undertaken to select 109 patients each from virology outpatient department (VOPD) and ART centre of a tertiary care hospital. They were screened and further investigated if renal involvement was found. Results: Renal involvement was present in 25/109 (22.94%) and 15/109 (13.76%) patients of Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Among patients of Groups 1 and 2, 9/24 (37.5%) and 2/13 (15.4%), respectively, had clinically significant proteinuria, but none in the nephrotic range. Statistically significant relationships of renal involvement were observed with CD4 count <100/µl and with low BMI. Of the patients of Group 2, 20% of those on a tenofovir-based regimen had renal involvement with tubular changes, while only 4.6% of those on other regimens had renal involvement. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05; OR=5.25). Conclusion: Renal involvement was less common among those on ART. Low CD4 count and body mass index (BMI) were associated with renal dysfunction. Patients on a tenofovir-based regimen had more renal involvement compared with not on a tenofovir-based regimen.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Proteinúria/virologia , Insuficiência Renal/virologia , Adulto , Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Insuficiência Renal/induzido quimicamente , Insuficiência Renal/epidemiologia , Centros de Atenção Terciária
9.
Indian J Community Med ; 38(2): 109-13, 2013 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23878425

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Aggression affects academic learning and emotional development, can damage school climate and if not controlled early and may precipitate extreme violence in the future. OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the magnitude and types of aggressive behavior in school children. (2) To identify the influence of age and sex on aggressive behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Anandanagar High School, Singur village, West Bengal. Participants were 161 boys and 177 girls of classes VII to IX. The students were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire indicating the types of aggressive behavior by them in the previous month and to assess themselves with reference to statements indicating verbal/physical aggression. RESULTS: Overall, 66.5% of the children were physically aggressive in the previous month: Boys 75.8%, girls 58.2% (P = 0.001); 56.8% were verbally aggressive: Boys 55.2%, girls 61% (P = 0.97). Verbal indirect passive aggression was more common among girls (55.3%) than among boys (22.3%) (P = 0.000 [1.17E(-09)]). Boys were more liable to physical aggression, viz. 60.2% of the boys would hit on provocation compared with only 9% of the girls (P = 0.000 [6.6E(-23)]). Regarding attributes indicating verbal aggression, girls were more argumentative (63.8%) than boys (55.2%) (P = 0.134) and disagreeing (41.8%) compared with boys (33.5%) (P = 0.145). With increasing age/class, physical direct active aggression decreased while physical indirect passive and verbal indirect passive aggression increased. No classes had been taken on anger control/management by school the authorities. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive behavior was common both among boys and girls. Life skills education/counseling/classroom management strategies are recommended.

10.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 109(12): 889-91, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23469568

RESUMO

Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF) is reported to be a very infrequent cause of portal hypertension (PHT) in paediatric population, but a number of cases of NCPF were found in the paediatric ward of NRS Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata which prompted us to do a study with objectives to find out the proportion of NCPF cases among the study population (the total number of PHT cases admitted in the study period) and their sociodemographic profile with special reference to residence in arsenic affected areas. It was a clinic-based retrospective study. All children below 12 years during the study period (August 2005 to July 2008) with clinical features suggestive of PHT were screened for NCPF. Relevant investigations were done and guardians of all the PHT patients were interviewed with a predesigned pretested questionnaire. Among the total 134 cases of PHT, 29 (21.64%) were due to NCPF and the remaining 105 (78.36%) cases were due to other causes of PHT other than NCPF. Among the sociodemographic variables studied significant association was found with residency in arsenic affected areas. The study highlights the need of extensive studies to validate the association in the paediatric population.


Assuntos
Arsênio/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Fígado/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Fibrose/etiologia , Humanos , Hipertensão Portal/etiologia , Índia , Masculino , Características de Residência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Socioeconômicos
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