Yellow leaf green tea modulates the AMPK/ACC/SREBP1c signaling pathway and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced mice to alleviate obesity.

BACKGROUND: Yellow leaf green tea (YLGT) is a new variety of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze, which has yellow leaves and the unique qualities of 'three green through three yellow'. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effect of YLGT in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and to explore the potential mechanisms by regulating the AMPK/ACC/SREBP1c signaling pathways and gut microbiota. RESULTS: The results showed that YLGT aqueous extract reduced body weight, hepatic inflammation, fat accumulation and hyperlipidemia in HFD-induced C57BL/6J mice, and also accelerated energy metabolism, reduced fat synthesis and suppressed obesity by activating the AMPK/CPT-1α signaling pathway and inhibiting the FAS/ACC/SREBP-1c signaling pathway. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiment further confirmed that the alteration of gut microbiota (e.g. increasing unclassified_Muribaculaceae and decreasing Colidextribacter) might be an important cause of YLGT water extract inhibiting obesity. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, YLGT has a broad application prospect in the treatment of obesity and the development of anti-obesity function beverages. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Insoluble Dietary Fibers From By-Products of Edible Fungi Industry: Basic Structure, Physicochemical Properties, and Their Effects on Energy Intake.

With the rapid development of the edible fungi industry in the world, especially in China, the resource utilization of edible fungi by-products has become an urgent problem for the industry's sustainable development. The waste residue of edible fungi after polysaccharide extraction by water accounts for a large proportion, which contains a large amount of water-insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). At present, the extracted residue is generally treated as fertilizer or solid waste, which not only pollutes the environment, but wastes resources too. In order to develop these by-products, expand their potential utilization in the food industry, the structure characterization, physicochemical properties, and the influence of IDF on dietary energy intake were studied. The IDF from the residues of polysaccharides extracted from four edible fungi was extracted using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method. The results showed that IDF in the four kinds of edible fungi residues was similar in composition but different in texture. Cellulose and hemicellulose are the main IDF extracted from four kinds of edible fungi. Among them, Hericium erinaceus is the softest without obvious granular texture, following Lentinus edodes, while Ganoderma lucidum and Grifola frondosa have a relatively hard texture. The yield of four kinds of IDF from high to low came from Ganoderma lucidum, Hericium erinaceus, Lentinus edodes, and Grifola frondosa. Fourier transform IR (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra showed that the four IDFs had similar functional groups and all of them contained a large amount of cellulose. Physical and chemical analysis showed that all the four IDFs had certain water holding capacity, water binding capacity, and oil holding capacity. In-vitro digestion experiments showed that the four IDFs could inhibit the digestion of starch and fat to a certain extent. By-products of edible fungi are an ideal material for the recovery of IDFs, which have the potential to be processed into functional food materials due to their physicochemical properties and physiological functions.

A comparison of aggression between patients with acute schizophrenia and mania presenting to psychiatric emergency services.

OBJECTIVE: Aggression is common and challenging in psychiatric emergency departments (PED). However, the prevalence of aggression and its correlates in PED patients are not well documented. This study compared the prevalence of aggression between patients with acute schizophrenia and manic episodes. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, patients at a psychiatric emergency department were assessed with measurements of aggression, psychotic and manic symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 4,172 patients were included. The prevalence of aggression was 54.8% (95%CI=53.3%-65.2%) in the whole sample, with 48.0% (95%CI=45.8%-50.1%) in patients with an acute schizophrenia episode, and 61.8% (95%CI=59.8%-63.9%) in patients with a manic episode. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that, within the acute schizophrenia episode group, male gender (OR=1.47, P<0.01), involuntary admission (OR=3.61, P<0.01) and more severe manic symptoms (OR=1.30, P<0.01) were significantly associated with aggression. Within the manic episode group, living in Beijing (OR=1.51, P<0.01), unemployment (OR=1.34, P=0.03), involuntary admission (OR=7.93, P<0.01), lower education (OR=0.95, P=0.01) and more severe psychotic symptoms (OR=1.05, P<0.01) were significantly associated with aggression. CONCLUSION: In this study, aggression appeared to be more common among patients with a manic episode than those with an acute schizophrenia episode. Considering the significant risk of aggression on psychiatric emergency care, appropriate and effective management of aggression in this population group need to be developed.

Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric emergency patients in Beijing, China: A large cross-sectional study.

Psychiatric emergency patients constitute a population at high risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). However, the risk factors for STB in this population have not been clearly defined. This study aimed to explore the risk factors for STB in psychiatric emergency patients in China. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted at the emergency department of psychiatry, Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University from 2015 to 2017. The Chinese suicide risk factors scale was used to test the STB of the patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of STB. A total of 12,345 patients were included. Their average age was 36 years. According to the suicide risk scale, 3436 cases (27.83%) were at risk of STB, mainly young adults. The multivariable analysis showed that urban residence, years of education, living in Beijing, ethnic Han, living alone, unemployment, poor relationship with parents, one or more siblings, visit time in the night, family history, disease course, total duration, the total number of psychiatric hospitalizations, a clear diagnosis, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total score ≥28.5, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale total score ≥20, and Young Mania Rating Scale total score ≥12 were independent risk factors for STB.