[Ala54Thr polymorphism of the fatty acid transporter gene (FABP2) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Yakutia].

AIM: To study the contribution of the Ala54Thr genetic polymorphism of the FABP2 gene to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among the Yakut population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included participants who filled out a questionnaire approved by the Local Committee on Biomedical Ethics at the Yakut Science Centre of complex medical problems and voluntarily signed an informed consent to conduct a genetic study. The sample consisted of 181 patients of the endocrinological department of the Republican Hospital No. 2 of the State Budgetary Institution "Center for Emergency Medical Care" with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. The comparison group was a sample of 336 volunteers without chronic diseases of the Yakut ethnicity. For molecular genetic analysis, genomic DNA samples were isolated from whole blood. Single nucleotide polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Study showed that polymorphism in the FABP2 gene has an impact on anthropometric parameters and blood biochemical parameters. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes was 1.7 times higher in carriers of the Ala/Thr genotype (odds ratio 1.755, 95% confidence interval - 1.212-2.542; p<0.005) compared with carriers of other genotypes. When comparing the average biochemical values, the levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose and total bilirubin in homozygous carriers of the Ala/Ala genotype were significantly lower than in carriers of other genotypes (р<0.05). Carriers of the heterozygous Ala/Thr genotype (р<0.05) had the highest level in terms of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. The highest indicator of the average level of HbA1c and an indicator of total bilirubin were carriers of the Thr/Thr genotype (р<0.05). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of the negative Thr allele among the Yakut population is probably associated with living conditions in the North, as well as in the traditional type of diet.

Effects of Heavy Metals on the Metabolome of Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae).

The effects of Cu, Ni, and Cd on the Pinus sylvestris metabolome was studied in experimental conditions by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Structural changes in plant metabolite network became detectable on day 6 of exposure to the metals, 3-6 days earlier than visual signs of toxicity developed. Differences at the metabolome level arose earlier in a control group of plants, and specific effects of particular metals on the plant metabolome became distinct on day 9. Both nature and concentration of a metal equally contributed to the plant metabolome clustering. Plant responses (changes in concentrations of individual metabolites) to metal exposure substantially differed depending on the metal concentration (1 or 5 mM) and nature. The effects of Cd and Cu were generally similar, while the effect of Ni was often different. Dynamic changes visualized in plant metabolite matrix reflected the changes in its correlation structure, rather than depending on the set of particular compounds.

Effect of Tramadol on Rabbit Uterine Contractile Activity Induced in Late Pregnancy.

Effect of Tramadol infusion (5 mg/ml) on oxytocin-induced uterine contractile activity was studied in chronic experiment on female rabbits with different degrees of biological readiness for parturition. In case of sufficient biological readiness for parturition, Tramadol did not change the number of uterine contractions, but increased the amplitude and duration of each contraction against the background of increased creatine phosphate consumption by the myometrium. At the same time, Tramadol infusion to females without biological readiness for partirition suppressed induced uterine contractile activity by reducing the amplitude of each uterine contraction.

[The influence of the bupivacaine epidural anesthesia on the rabbit myometrium contractile activity and the functional state of the fetuses in induced labor].

BACKGROUND: The influence of bupivacaine (0.5% - 1 ml) epidural anesthesia (EA) on 15 pregnant rabbit females induced in labor by oxytocin on the 30th day of pregnancy in chronic experiment was conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 26 pregnant rabbit females took part in the investigation. 11 females were included in the control group and 15--to the main group. Both groups retrospectively were divided in two on the fact of the delivery during the experiment. For each 5-minute interval the contractile activity of the myometrium (number of uterine contractions, duration and amplitude of the one uterine contraction), functional state of fetuses and female (ECG) were evaluated. Registration of the parameters was carried out simultaneously with the help of electrodes which were administrated in the myometrium, to the fetuses and females on the 28th day of pregnancy. RESULTS: It was shown that EA influence on the myometrium contractile activity and functional state of fetuses and female depends on the female delivery readiness. CONCLUSION: In the case of the optimal one short-term increase of the contractile activity (on the 15th minute after EA) with no significant fetal heart rate changes were observed. In the case of its absence no significant influence was revealed. Moderate female tachycardia in both groups under EA was registered more pronounced in delivery one group.

[The influence of the bupivacaine regional anesthesia on the contractile activity of the uterus and the functional state of the fetus].

The study in chronic experiment on 26 pregnant rabbit females induced in labor by oxytocin on the 30th day ofpregnancy was conducted. The effects of bupivacaine (0,5% - I ml) epidural anesthesia (EA) on the contractile activity of the uterus, the functional state of the females and their fetuses were studied. On the 28th day of pregnancy under thiopental anesthesia electrodes were administered: to thefetus - ECG, in the female myometrium for recording electrical activity. In order to check the uterus mechanical activity the original sensor was used filled by graphite, which was placed around one horn of the uterus. The contractile activity of the myometrium was evaluatedfor each 5-minute interval by the number ofuterine contractions, duration and amplitude of one uterine contraction. The functional state offemale fetuses and rabbit female were evaluated by the frequency change of the heart rate. In 12 females occured to delivery. Registration of uterine contractions, heart rate of the female and fetuses were carried out simultaneously and continuously throughout the whole experiment. It was shown that under standard conditions EA didn't induce changes in uterine activity parameters of the female located in its natural position, and didn't affect on the fetal heart rate (3-factor analysis of variance - ANOVA). 10minutes after EA, the momentary acceleration of female heart rate (9%) was recorded in relation to the reference level, which may be associated with transient hypotension. Thus, in conditions of our experience the bupivacaine (0,5% - 1,0 ml) EA in induced labor of female rabbit has no significant effect on the uterus contractile activity and the functional state of the fetus. Short-term adaptive tachycardia is registered in females.

[Application of immunocytochemical technique for the determination of the border between forebrain subventricular zone and striatum].

Forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ)--the putative major source of neural stem cells in the brain of adult mammals--can hardly be visualized using routine histological staining. The present study was focused on the possibility of application of immunocytochemical approach for accurate delineation of the border between SVZ and striatum. It was shown that immunocytochemical reactions demonstrating tyrosine hydroxylase or synaptophysin were optimal for the determination of the border between SVZ and striatum in different mammals.

Psychosocial aspects of obesity in adults with psoriasis: A systematic review.

Background: Excess weight is a common (30%-40%) multifactorial concern that remains understudied in adults with psoriasis. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to synthesise the evidence on the psychosocial factors associated with body weight in psoriasis and to use these findings to inform clinical practice. The review was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020201138). Methods: Electronic databases, related reviews and associated reference lists were searched. Observational and experimental studies reporting on the relationship of psychosocial factors to weight-related outcomes in adults with body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2 and psoriasis were eligible. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Results: Eighteen studies were included in the review, the majority of which (n = 16) examined cross-sectional associations between psychosocial factors and weight outcomes. Although the strengths of the associations were heterogeneous, most studies confirmed the positive association between high BMI and increased reports of depression and anxiety, impaired quality of life, deteriorated sleep quality, sexual dysfunction, and daily functioning issues. Only four studies were rated as high quality. Conclusions: The current evidence of the association between psychosocial factors and weight-related outcomes is largely cross-sectional with unclear directionality of causality. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the replicability and generalisability of the examined obesity-related psychosocial factors in psoriasis. Theoretical exploration of subgroup differences and similarities may pave the way towards intervention personalisation, and ultimately, improved patient outcomes.

Self-reported management among people with rotator cuff related shoulder pain: An observational study.

BACKGROUND: Rotator cuff related shoulder pain is the most common cause of shoulder pain. Whilst guidelines recommend conservative management prior to imaging, injection or surgical management, recent findings suggest that patients experience management contrary to guideline recommendations. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate self-reported management among people with rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP) and their beliefs towards management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of people with RCRSP recruited when referred for imaging (n = 120). Electronic survey about demographic factors, management people had had (including imaging, injections, surgery, exercise, adjuncts), and beliefs about treatments. The frequency of various treatments was reported (separately for each cohort and traumatic onset) as well as the timing of interventions related to first-line care. RESULTS: Most people had tried exercise (99/120, 82.5%) but only one in five people reported exercise was helpful, and one in six reported it was unhelpful or made their symptoms worse. Approximately a third of the cohort reported not receiving activity modification advice (34.2%, 41/120), those that did received inconsistent information. People with both traumatic (imaging 31/43, 72.1%; injections 13/24, 54.2%, surgery 8/21, 38.1%) and atraumatic onset pain (imaging 43/77, 55.8%; injections 31/51, 60.8%, surgery 4/19, 21.1%) had similarly high rates of intervention prior to trialling conservative management. Patient beliefs in regards to management showed trends towards interventionalist care. CONCLUSION: Patient reported management of RCRSP is often inconsistent with guideline recommended management.

[Expression of contractile proteins alpha-actin and myosin of smooth muscle cells and collagen of IV type in human placenta at placental insufficiency in III trimester of pregnancy].

Changes of expression of contractile proteins (alpha-actin and myosin of smooth muscle cell) and of collagen of IV type in stroma of human placental villi were studied at the diagnosed placental insufficiency (PI) in III trimester of pregnancy. The study revealed pronounced disturbances of expression of contractile proteins and collagen of IV type at PI. It is shown that in perivascular envelopes of vessels of stem and intermediate villi there is present a much greater amount of cells expressing smooth muscle actin and myosin. These cells are arranged by the denser concentric layers and more compactly than in norm and fill the intervascular space inside the villi. The width of perivascular envelopes of vessels is higher, while vascular lumens are lower than in norm. In terminal villi the capillary walls are thickened and the number of pericytes immunopositive against the smooth muscle cell alpha-actin and myosin as well as collagen of IV type is increased. The change of synthesis of the cytoskeletal contractile proteins and collagen of IV type is shown to lead to structural disturbances of villi of different types and of perivascular areas and vessels, which doubtlessly indicates their participation in pathogenesis of placental dysfunction and of disturbance of placental hemodynamics.

[Structural changes in human placenta and its vascular bed in syndrome of placentar failure].

Study of born placentas with chronic functional failure established in the III pregnancy trimester has revealed several characteristic structural alterations of placentar villi and of its vascular bed elements. There has been shown a decrease of the number of terminal villi and an increase of their sizes (approximately 3 times) as compared with norm, a change of transformation of cytotrophoblast into syncytiotrophoblast, thickening of vascular endothelium, a decrease of the number of capillaries-sinusoids, and a decrease of the number of syncytiocapillary membranes, which leads to deterioration of conditions of the maternal-fetal diffuse exchange. It has been established that in placentar failure, expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by cytotrophoblast cells, syncytiotrophoblast, and Kashchenko-Hoffbauer cells is enhanced as compared with norm, which can be considered a reaction to a decrease of intensity of placentar blood circulation.

[Cytological evaluation of laser therapy influence upon skin reparation].

Evidence on the studying of the effectiveness the low intensive laser radiation influence as complex treatment of patient with maxillofacial phlegmons with using of the cytological method were presented. Results of the laser therapeutist were in acceleration of the inflammation stage. The neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages settled down in wound earlier then in the control. This led to acceleration of the wound healing.

[Locomotion induced by epidural stimulation in decerebrate cat after spinal cord injury].

The effect of partial and complete spinal cord injury (Th7-Th8) on locomotor activity evoked by epidural electrical stimulation (L5 segment, stimulation frequency 5 Hz, current strength 80-100 microA) in decerebrate cats has been investigated. It was established that the cutting of dorsal columns did not influence substantially the locomotion. The destruction of the ventral spinal quadrant resulted in the deterioration and instability of the locomotor rhythm. The injury of lateral or medial descending motor systems led to a redistribution of the tone in antagonist muscles. It was found that locomotion can be evoked by epidural stimulation within 20 h after the complete transaction of the spinal cord. The restoration of polysynaptic components in EMG responses correlated with the restoration of the stepping function. The data obtained confirm that the initiation of locomotion under epidural stimulation is caused by direct action on intraspinal systems responsible for locomotion regulation. In the case of intact or partially injured spinal cord, this effect is under the influence of supraspinal motor systems correcting and stabilizing the evoked locomotor pattern.

[New betulin derivatives in combination with rimantadine for inhibition of influenza virus reproduction].

The preliminary studies mainly revealed comparable inhibition activities of 3-oxime of betulonic acid, 3beta-O-acetyl-28-O-hemiphthalate of betulin and 3,28-dioxime of betulin against reproduction of influenza viruses A (H1N1), A (H7N1), A (H3N2) and B, as well as against the strains of influenza virus A (H1N1) with intrinsic resistance to rimantadine and A (H7N1) with acquired resistance to the drug. The level of the activity depended on the system used for the virus reproduction. The highest level was observed under conditions providing higher permissibivity, i.e. in the chick embryo fibroblast cell culture for A (H7N1) and in fragments of chick embryo chorioallantoic membranes (for all the viruses). In the experiments with virus A/FPV/Rostock/34 (H7N1) in the chick embryo fibroblast cell culture the average effective concentrations (EC50) of the triterpene compounds were 10.4-17.5 mcM in comparison to EC50 of rimantadine (0.014 mcM). The use of every of the compounds in combination with rimantadine resulted in a 2-16 times decrease of their EC50 and correction of the concentration-effect relation of rimantadine. However, when rimantadine was used alone within the higher range of the nontoxic concentrations (11.6-57.6 mcM). its antiviral properties were significantly less pronounced. As a result the virus titer difference in comparison to the control within the above range of the rimantadine concentrations increased from < 1 to > 2.35 Ig PPU/ml and the relations of the maximal tolerance concentrations of the compounds to their EC50 increased 1.7-15.9 times.

[On mechanisms of triggering of primary excitation rhythms in vertebrates (phylo- and ontogenic aspects)].

There has been performed the comparative-ontogenetic analysis of literature and our own data obtained at study of regularities of formation of spontaneous stereotypic motor acts at the initial stages of the human fetuses and at early stages of phylogenesis of vertebrates (fisches, amphibians, reptiles) as well as at using natural biological models, such as anencephaly of human fetus, the human artificially produced therapeutic electroconvulsive fit, and winter hibernation in mammals. This analysis has allowed showing that the prenervous and non-nervous motorics and cardiac rhythm revealed in the series of vertebrates including human fetus represent a universal phenomenon that is due to the role of prenervous transmitters as local hormones participating in triggering and regulation of this motoric - the primary rhythms of excitation in vertebrate phylo- and ontogenesis.

Comparative genomic analysis of the gut bacterium Bifidobacterium longum reveals loci susceptible to deletion during pure culture growth.

BACKGROUND: Bifidobacteria are frequently proposed to be associated with good intestinal health primarily because of their overriding dominance in the feces of breast fed infants. However, clinical feeding studies with exogenous bifidobacteria show they don't remain in the intestine, suggesting they may lose competitive fitness when grown outside the gut. RESULTS: To further the understanding of genetic attenuation that may be occurring in bifidobacteria cultures, we obtained the complete genome sequence of an intestinal isolate, Bifidobacterium longum DJO10A that was minimally cultured in the laboratory, and compared it to that of a culture collection strain, B. longum NCC2705. This comparison revealed colinear genomes that exhibited high sequence identity, except for the presence of 17 unique DNA regions in strain DJO10A and six in strain NCC2705. While the majority of these unique regions encoded proteins of diverse function, eight from the DJO10A genome and one from NCC2705, encoded gene clusters predicted to be involved in diverse traits pertinent to the human intestinal environment, specifically oligosaccharide and polyol utilization, arsenic resistance and lantibiotic production. Seven of these unique regions were suggested by a base deviation index analysis to have been precisely deleted from strain NCC2705 and this is substantiated by a DNA remnant from within one of the regions still remaining in the genome of NCC2705 at the same locus. This targeted loss of genomic regions was experimentally validated when growth of the intestinal B. longum in the laboratory for 1,000 generations resulted in two large deletions, one in a lantibiotic encoding region, analogous to a predicted deletion event for NCC2705. A simulated fecal growth study showed a significant reduced competitive ability of this deletion strain against Clostridium difficile and E. coli. The deleted region was between two IS30 elements which were experimentally demonstrated to be hyperactive within the genome. The other deleted region bordered a novel class of mobile elements, termed mobile integrase cassettes (MIC) substantiating the likely role of these elements in genome deletion events. CONCLUSION: Deletion of genomic regions, often facilitated by mobile elements, allows bifidobacteria to adapt to fermentation environments in a very rapid manner (2 genome deletions per 1,000 generations) and the concomitant loss of possible competitive abilities in the gut.

Morphofunctional characteristics of the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord in rats.

The topography of the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord in rats was studied; an immunohistochemical method was used to determine the distribution of synaptophysin--a membrane protein of synaptic vesicles. Synaptophysin-immunoreactive structures were detected in the gray matter of all Rexed laminae, around most neurons and in the neuropil. Previously undescribed subpial synaptic contacts were detected immunohistochemically in the white matter and confirmed by electron microscopy. A non-myelinated component of the corticospinal tract, including axonal varicosities and synaptic contacts, was observed in the dorsal part of the white matter of the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord.

[Molecular and genetic description of a new hypomorphic mutation of Trithorax-like gene and analysis of its effect on Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis].

The Trithorax-like (Trl) gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes the multifunctional protein GAGA involved in many cellular processes. We have isolated and described a new hypomorphic mutation of the Trl gene--Trl(en82). The mutation is the insertion of a 1.4 kb P-element into the 5' untranslated region. Trl expression decreased in the ovaries of mutant flies by about 30%; however, it caused abnormalities. The Trl(en82) mutation combined with the null allele of Trl caused female sterility: the females laid a few small eggs with abnormal shape. Many egg chambers demonstrated abnormalities in the Trl(en82) mutants: the oocyte had a regular shape and intruded into the egg chamber region with nurse cells; the rapid transport of nurse cell cytoplasm into the oocyte was disturbed, which resulted in the "dumpless" phenotype of the chambers in mutants; follicular cells often did not completely cover the oocyte and concentrated on its posterior end; and the migration of centripetal cells was affected. We propose that the sterility of the Trl(en82) females is due to the abnormal functioning of follicular cells resulting from low Trl expression. This proposal is confirmed by normalizing the mutant phenotype of Trl(en82) females after the transfection of Trl cDNA. Note that even an insignificant decrease in Trl expression in such females seriously affected the somatic cell functioning, while a significant decrease in its expression in strong hypomorphic mutants affected both somatic and germline cells in the egg chambers.

[Morphofunctional characteristic of the rat distal spinal cord after its complete experimental section with subsequent treadbun training of the animal].

Motor activity of rats has been studied after complete experimental section of spinal cord at the lower thoracic level. A treadbun training performed one day after the operation has been shown to lead to the appearance of movement of hindlimbs and to restoration of function of support of the body weight. In our opinion, the key moment in initiation of locomotor movements is stimulation of foot. Morphoimmunohistochemical study (detection of nuclear protein of proliferation cells, synaptophysin, and glial fibrillary acid protein) of the lumbar enlargement has allowed revealing reorganization of motoneurons, interneurons, and afferent chain in the distal part of the sectioned spinal cord. In trained animals there are observed the normal structure of motoneurons and the appearance of aggregates of synaptophysin-immunoreactive structures lost after the operation.

[Tyrosine-containing peptides in the estimation of endogenous intoxication in ovarian cancer].

The paper gives data on the changed levels of tyrosine-containing peptides (TCP) in the plasma of patients with ovarian tumors of varying histological structure. The most considerable blood TCP accumulations were observed in women with malignancies, which is indicative of their body's marked metabolic changes caused by the aggressive course of the disease.

[Synthesis and antiviral activity of lupane triterpenoids with modified cycle E].

A reductive transformation of the peroxide products of ozonolysis of derivatives of 3beta-O-acetyl-22(17-->28)-abeo-lupa-17(28),20(29)-diene and the subsequent intramolecular ketalization led to a compound with a trioxane fragment. This is a new approach to a skeletal modification of triterpenoid cycle E. An activity of the synthesized compounds was found toward the viruses of type A influenza and herpes simplex.