Clinical validation of the nursing diagnosis risk for suicide in the older adults.

OBJECTIVE: To clinically validate risk factors for the nursing diagnosis risk for suicide in older adults. METHODS: Case-control study (105 older adults). The strength of the association between variables was assessed using odds ratio (OR). Risk factors were grouped into hierarchical blocks according to the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of Suicidal Behaviour. RESULTS: Anxiety; guilt; divorce; hostility; inability to express feelings; loss of important relationship; financial problems; apathy; low self-esteem; hopelessness; dependence and functional incapacity; unhappiness; failure; frustration; marked change in attitude and behavior; sadness; self-neglect; stockpiling medication; depression; ideation and suicidal plans; and mental disorders were associated with risk for suicide. CONCLUSIONS: It is expected that this study will contribute to clinical nursing practice by the identification of this diagnosis in a safer and more precise manner. Descriptors: clinical judgment, nursing diagnosis, psychiatric nursing, suicide, older adult.

Nursing diagnosis for Risk of Suicide in elderly: integrative review. / Diagnóstico de enfermagem Risco de Suicídio em idosos: revisão integrativa.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the specialized literature regarding the risk factors in nursing diagnosis for suicide risks in elderly. METHOD: This is an integrative literature review carried out during June 2015 in the following databases with no time limit: MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. RESULTS: A total of 80 full papers were analyzed. It was suggested the inclusion of 23 risk factors in NANDA-I taxonomy: apathy; unrest; low self esteem; carelessness with medication; Inability to ask for help; Inability to express feelings; suicidal plan; rigidity; functional disability; visual problems; sadness; hostility; anxiety; failure; frustration; unhappiness; dishonor; frequent visits to a physician with unclear symptoms; social deprivation; social devaluation; psychological violence; Interfamilial violence; and financial violence. CONCLUSION: The risks for suicide presented in NANDA-I taxonomy need to be refined and adapted to the elderly reality. Furthermore, a review is also recommended for the risk factors not included in this classification.

Disrupted mother-fetus dyad risk in high-risk pregnancies: a Middle-Range Theory.

OBJECTIVES: to develop and evaluate a Middle-Range Theory for the nursing diagnosis "Disrupted Mother-Fetus Dyad Risk" in high-risk pregnancies. METHODS: this methodological study was conducted in two stages: theory development and evaluation. Dorothea Orem's General Nursing Model was used as the theoretical-conceptual foundation. Evaluation was conducted using the Delphi method with seven judges, and consensus was achieved when the Content Validity Index of the evaluated items was ≥ 0.80. RESULTS: the theory identified 20 elements of the nursing diagnosis "Disrupted Mother-Fetus Dyad Risk" (10 risk factors, 4 at-risk populations, and 6 associated conditions), 14 propositions, and 1 pictogram. After two rounds of evaluation, the theory was considered consistent, with consensus reached for all items, each achieving a Content Validity Index ≥ 0.80. CONCLUSIONS: the Middle-Range Theory included biopsychosocial factors explaining the nursing phenomenon "Disrupted Mother-Fetus Dyad Risk," which aids in nurses' diagnostic reasoning.

Risk for imbalanced blood pressure pattern among incarcerated women: Middle-Range Theory.

OBJECTIVES: to develop a Middle-Range Theory for the Risk for imbalanced blood pressure pattern among incarcerated women. METHODS: theoretical development study to obtain the theoretical-causal validity of the Nursing Diagnosis Risk for unstable blood pressure. The Middle-Range Theory was developed according to six stages: establishment of the approach to developing the theory; definition of the conceptual models to be later analyzed; definition of the main conceptions; a pictorial diagram; propositions; causal relationships and evidence for practice. RESULTS: two attributes and 20 antecedents related to imbalanced blood pressure were identified, a pictorial diagram was developed, and nine theoretical propositions were presented. CONCLUSIONS: the theory developed here favors the diagnostic reasoning of nurses and contributes to planning actions to promote the cardiovascular health of incarcerated women. A new proposition for the diagnosis of Risk for unstable blood pressure was also structured with a new title, definition, and etiological factors.

Content validation of the nursing diagnosis "inadequate social support network".

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate evidence of content validity of the nursing diagnosis "inadequate social support network". METHOD: A methodological study of the content validation type, carried out with 23 judges who evaluated the adequacy of the title, definition, class and domain of the nursing diagnosis "inadequate social support network". The judges also assessed the relevance of 28 clinical indicators and 32 etiological factors, which were considered valid when the Content Validity Index was ≥ 0.9. RESULTS: The judges agreed with the proposed title and suggested changes to the definition of the nursing diagnosis. They recommended its inclusion in Domain 7 - "Roles and relationships" and Class 3 - "Role performance" of the NANDA-I taxonomy. In addition, 19 clinical indicators and 27 etiological factors were considered relevant. CONCLUSION: The nursing diagnosis "inadequate social support network" had its theoretical structure validated in terms of content, which can support the practice of nurses in the operationalization of the Nursing Process.

Family functionality and burden of family caregivers of users with mental disorders.

OBJECTIVE: to verify the difference of mean or median in the scores of family functionality and burden of family caregivers of people with mental disorders. METHODS: cross-sectional study carried out in a Psychosocial Care Center with 61 family caregivers. Instruments were used for sociodemographic characterization, care process, Family Apgar Index and Family Burden Interview Schedule. Mean/median difference tests were adopted. RESULTS: women with mental disorders and the presence of children in the home decreased the median of the family Apgar score. Difficulty in the relationship between caregiver/user, nervousness/tension, physical aggression and agitation of patients increased the global average of subjective burden. CONCLUSIONS: nursing interventions to reduce burden and promote family functionality should prioritize caregivers of women with mental disorders, assist them in managing troublesome behaviors and raising awareness of family nucleus to co-responsibility for caring for sick people, especially in families with children who demand daily care.

Content validity of the nursing diagnosis powerlessness in women during natural childbirth.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the content of the nursing diagnosis powerlessness in women during natural childbirth. METHOD: A nursing diagnosis content validation, in which 29 experts analyzed the definition of powerlessness and assessed the relevance of related factors, populations at risk, associated conditions and defining characteristics. These elements were considered relevant when the Content Validity Index was greater than or equal to 0.9. RESULTS: Experts considered the definition resulting from the concept analysis more appropriate for the diagnosis under study. Regarding the assessment of diagnostic elements, 10 related factors, two populations at risk, three associated conditions and 10 defining characteristics were considered relevant. CONCLUSION: The new definition for powerlessness and 25 elements have been validated by experts. These can support the operationalization of the Nursing Process for parturient women.

Prevalence of suicidal behavior in young university students: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the prevalence of suicidal behavior in young university students. METHOD: a systematic review with meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies based on the Joanna Briggs Institute proposal, and carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and LILACS databases and in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, with no language or year restrictions. A total of 2,942 publications were identified. Selection, data extraction and methodological evaluation of the studies were performed by two independent researchers. The meta-analysis was performed considering the random effects model. RESULTS: eleven articles were included in this review. The prevalence variation for suicidal ideation was from 9.7% to 58.3% and, for attempted suicide, it was from 0.7% to 14.7%. The meta-analysis showed a 27.1% prevalence for suicidal ideation in life, 14.1% for ideation in the last year, and 3.1% for attempted suicide in life. CONCLUSION: the high prevalence of suicidal behavior, even with the considerable heterogeneity of the studies, raises the need to implement interventions aimed at preventing suicide and promoting mental health, especially in the academic environment.

Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the content of the diagnostic proposal, risk for impaired cardiovascular function, focusing on incarcerated women. METHODS: A methodological study of nursing diagnosis content validation carried out from December/2018 to June/2019. A sample of 24 judges evaluated the proposed definition and the relevance of the proposed etiological factors of risk for impaired cardiovascular function. To determine the content validity of the etiological factors, the Content Validity Index was calculated and a value of 0.9 was adopted, in addition to the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: The diagnostic definition was considered consistent with the diagnostic label. All 18 etiological factors were validated with a Content Validity Index statistically >0.9 and categorized into risk factors, associated conditions, and at-risk populations. CONCLUSION: The definition and 18 etiological factors of risk for impaired cardiovascular function were validated. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE NURSING PRACTICE: The study allowed the new proposal for the risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis to be accepted to return to the taxonomy of NANDA International with an expanded and more consistent structure. The return of the referred nursing diagnosis to the taxonomy favors the nurse's diagnostic reasoning and the documentation of all nursing actions, linked to this diagnosis, which are aimed at minimizing cardiovascular risk.

Validity and reliability of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale for Brazilian elderly: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: to verify the validity and reliability of the Psychological Distress Scale for screening mental distress. METHODS: a cross-sectional study with 75 elderly people. Psychological Distress scale and Self Reporting Questionnaire were used. Criterion validity was verified using Spearman's correlation and diagnostic accuracy measures. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to investigate reliability. RESULTS: the total internal consistency of the Psychological Distress Scale was α=0.844. Concurrent validity between this instrument and the Self Reporting Questionnaire was ρ=0.722 (p<0.001). The best cut-off point for screening mental distress among elderly people was a total score greater than 14, with sensitivity equal to 75.47% and specificity equal to 85.0%. CONCLUSIONS: the scale was robust for screening mental distress, given its high reliability, in terms of homogeneity, and adequate criterion validity, whose best cut-off point for screening was a score greater than 14.

Analysis of the NANDA-I taxonomy "maternal-fetal dyad" concept in high-risk pregnancy: integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the NANDA-I taxonomy "maternal-fetal dyad" concept in high-risk pregnancy. METHOD: an integrative literature review based on the Conceptual Analysis model proposed by Walker and Avant. It was conducted at PUBMED, CINAHL, SCOPUS, LILACS and SciELO, with the descriptors: Complications of pregnancy, Risk Factors, and Pregnancy, High-Risk (from 2008-2020). RESULT: the sample consisted of 44 articles, which identified two attributes and 21 antecedents of the concept. CONCLUSION: concept analysis allowed to identify the attributes and antecedents of the "maternal-fetal dyad" concept in high-risk pregnancy, in addition to raising and clarifying ideas. It was possible to identify 12 antecedents that are not included in NANDA-I as well as the need to review the definition of the diagnosis proposed by the taxonomy.

Validation by experts of Risk of suicide Nursing Diagnosis in the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: to validate the conceptual and operational definitions content of factors for Risk of suicide Nursing Diagnosis in the elderly. METHOD: this is validation of the conceptual and operational definitions content of factors for Risk of suicide in the elderly, performed by 15 experts, from November 2015 to March 2016. Risk factors were classified into three hierarchical chuncks. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and binomial test. RESULTS: of the 54 validated risk factors, only eight presented problems regarding clarity, simplicity and accuracy: chronic pain, vision problems, retirement, frustration, medication neglect and depression. Only rigidity was not validated as relevant for the study diagnosis. CONCLUSION: content validation of the risk factors for Nursing Diagnosis can guide the clinical practice of the nurse in the early detection of risk of suicide in the elderly.

COVID-19 nas prisões: validação de um inquérito de conhecimento, atitude e prática / COVID-19 en las cárceles: validación de un estudio de conocimiento, actitud y práctica / COVID-19 in prisons: validity of a knowledge, attitude and practice survey

Resumo Objetivo Validar um inquérito de conhecimento, atitude e prática sobre medidas preventivas da COVID-19 para os funcionários do sistema penitenciário, fundamentado na teoria ambientalista. Métodos Estudo metodológico desenvolvido em quatro etapas: estabelecimento da estrutura conceitual, elaboração do instrumento, validação do conteúdo por juízes e avaliação da aparência pelo público-alvo. O conteúdo de cada item foi validado quanto a objetividade, clareza e relevância. A aparência do inquérito foi avaliada quanto ao objetivo, a organização, ao estilo da escrita e a motivação. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de validação de conteúdo para avaliar a concordância entre os juízes e entre o público-alvo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de distribuições brutas, percentuais, medidas de posição e de dispersão. O índice alfa de Cronbach foi utilizado para analisar a consistência das avaliações dos juízes e do público-alvo. Resultados Quanto ao conteúdo e a aparência, os requisitos avaliados obtiveram concordância superior a 0,9. Na avaliação da consistência, obteve-se índice alfa de Cronbach > 0,9 e > 0,7, quanto ao conteúdo e à aparência, respectivamente, indicando que juízes e público-alvo tenderam a fazer avaliações similares. Conclusão O inquérito apresentou validade de conteúdo e aparência para a coleta de dados referentes a conhecimento, atitude e prática sobre prevenção da COVID-19, para os funcionários do sistema penitenciário, indicando que poderá contribuir para o planejamento e a avaliação de ações de educação em saúde.

Resumen Objetivo Validar un estudio de conocimiento, actitud y práctica sobre medidas preventivas de COVID-19 para los empleados del sistema penitenciario, fundamentado en la teoría ambientalista. Métodos Estudio metodológico llevado a cabo en cuatro etapas: establecimiento de la estructura conceptual, elaboración del instrumento, validación del contenido por jueces y evaluación de la apariencia por el público destinatario. Se validó el contenido de cada ítem respecto a la objetividad, claridad y relevancia. Se evaluó la apariencia del estudio respecto al objetivo, la organización, el estilo de escritura y la motivación. Se utilizó el coeficiente de validez de contenido para evaluar la concordancia entre los jueces y entre el público destinatario. Los datos se analizaron mediante distribuciones brutas, porcentajes, medidas de posición y de dispersión. Se utilizó el índice alfa de Cronbach para analizar la consistencia de las evaluaciones de los jueces y del público destinatario. Resultados Respecto al contenido y a la apariencia, los requisitos evaluados obtuvieron concordancia superior a 0,9. En la evaluación de la consistencia, se obtuvo un índice alfa de Cronbach > 0,9 respecto al contenido y > 0,7 respecto a la apariencia, lo que indica la tendencia de los jueces y del público destinatario a realizar evaluaciones similares. Conclusión El estudio presentó validez de contenido y apariencia para la recopilación de datos referentes a conocimiento, actitud y práctica sobre prevención de COVID-19 para empleados del sistema penitenciario, lo que indica que podrá contribuir a la planificación y evaluación de acciones de educación para la salud.

Abstract Objective To validate a knowledge, attitude and practice survey on preventive measures against COVID-19 for penitentiary system staff based on environmental theory. Methods This is a methodological study developed in four stages: conceptual structure establishment; instrument elaboration; content validity by judges; and appearance assessment by the target audience. The content of each item was validated for objectivity, clarity and relevance. Survey appearance was assessed regarding objective, organization, writing style and motivation. Content validity coefficient was used to assess agreement among judges and the target audience. Data were analyzed using gross distributions, percentages, position and dispersion measures. Cronbach's alpha index was used to analyze the consistency of judges' and target audience's assessments. Results Regarding content and appearance, the assessed requirements achieved agreement greater than 0.9. In consistency assessment, a Cronbach's alpha index > 0.9 and > 0.7 was obtained for content and appearance, respectively, indicating that judges and target audiences tended to make similar assessments. Conclusion The survey presented content and appearance validity for collecting data regarding knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 prevention for penitentiary system staff, indicating that it could contribute to health education action planning and assessment.

Content validation of the nursing diagnosis "inadequate social support network" / Validación de contenido del diagnóstico de enfermería "red de apoyo social inadecuada" / Validação de conteúdo do diagnóstico de enfermagem "rede social de apoio inadequada"

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate evidence of content validity of the nursing diagnosis "inadequate social support network". Method: A methodological study of the content validation type, carried out with 23 judges who evaluated the adequacy of the title, definition, class and domain of the nursing diagnosis "inadequate social support network". The judges also assessed the relevance of 28 clinical indicators and 32 etiological factors, which were considered valid when the Content Validity Index was ≥ 0.9. Results: The judges agreed with the proposed title and suggested changes to the definition of the nursing diagnosis. They recommended its inclusion in Domain 7 - "Roles and relationships" and Class 3 - "Role performance" of the NANDA-I taxonomy. In addition, 19 clinical indicators and 27 etiological factors were considered relevant. Conclusion: The nursing diagnosis "inadequate social support network" had its theoretical structure validated in terms of content, which can support the practice of nurses in the operationalization of the Nursing Process.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar las evidencias de la validez de contenido del diagnóstico de enfermería "red de apoyo social inadecuada". Método: Estudio metodológico de tipo validación de contenido, realizado con 23 jueces que evaluaron la adecuación del título, definición, clase y dominio del diagnóstico de enfermería "red de apoyo social inadecuada". Los jueces también evaluaron la pertinencia de 28 indicadores clínicos y 32 factores etiológicos, que se consideraron válidos cuando el Índice de Validez de Contenido fue ≥ 0.9. Resultados: Los jueces estuvieron de acuerdo con el título propuesto y sugirieron cambios en la definición del diagnóstico de enfermería. Recomendaron su inclusión en el Dominio 7 - "Roles y relaciones" y en la Clase 3 - "Desempeño de roles" de la taxonomía NANDA-I. Además, se consideraron relevantes 19 indicadores clínicos y 27 factores etiológicos. Conclusión: El diagnóstico de enfermería "red de apoyo social inadecuada" tuvo su estructura teórica validada en términos de contenido, lo que puede apoyar la práctica del personal de enfermería en la operacionalización del Proceso de Enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar evidências de validade de conteúdo do diagnóstico de enfermagem "rede social de apoio inadequada". Método: Estudo metodológico do tipo validação de conteúdo, realizado com 23 juízes que avaliaram a adequação do título, da definição, da classe e do domínio do diagnóstico de enfermagem "rede social de apoio inadequada". Os juízes também avaliaram a relevância de 28 indicadores clínicos e de 32 fatores etiológicos, os quais foram considerados válidos quando o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi ≥ 0,9. Resultados: Os juízes concordaram com o título proposto e sugeriram alterações na definição do diagnóstico de enfermagem. Recomendaram a sua inserção no Domínio 7 - "Papéis e relacionamentos" e na Classe 3 - "Desempenho de papéis" da taxonomia da NANDA-I. Ademais, 19 indicadores clínicos e 27 fatores etiológicos foram considerados relevantes. Conclusão: O diagnóstico de enfermagem "rede social de apoio inadequada" teve sua estrutura teórica validada quanto ao conteúdo, a qual pode subsidiar a prática do enfermeiro na operacionalização do Processo de Enfermagem.

Suicide in childhood: a literatura review. / Revisão de literatura sobre suicídio na infância.

This is an integrated review of specific literature on the main factors associated to suicidal behavior in children under 14 years. Data were retrieved from PubMed and PsycInfo databases for the 1980-2016 period, with the following descriptors: "risk of suicide"; "children"; "suicide"; "childhood". Twenty-nine papers complied with the eligibility criteria of the review and were thus selected and analyzed. Results pointed to an association of suicide with neurobiological, school-related, social and mental factors, among which the role of impulsivity stands out. In addition, results found show that most of suicidal behavior-vulnerable factors are preventable insofar as they are identified and the child receives psychological and medical treatment. We conclude that family conflicts, school-related problems, bullying, impulsivity and depression are associated with childhood suicide. In addition, the scarce national research on suicide can contribute to the invisibility of this theme when establishing health promotion and treatment programs.

Elaboration and validation of an educational video for the prevention of sexual violence in adolescents / Elaboración y validación de un video educativo para prevenir la violencia sexual en adolescentes / Construção e validação de vídeo educacional para prevenção da violência sexual de adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the elaboration and validation process of an educational video for the prevention of sexual violence in school-age adolescents. Method: this is a methodological study, developed from September 2018 to February 2021 in Recife-PE. Production of the educational video was carried out according to the methodological path proposed by Kindem and Musberg. The video was submitted to content validation and face evaluation by expert judges and school-age adolescents, respectively. In the data analysis, absolute frequency, Content Validity Index and binomial test were used. Results: in content validation, agreement was satisfactory and the mean validity index for all video items was 0.92. In the face evaluation, the adolescents considered the video understandable, with a minimum agreement level of 92.3%. Conclusion: the educational video elaborated was considered by the judges as valid to contribute to the knowledge and attitude of school-age adolescents regarding the prevention of sexual violence.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el proceso de elaboración y validación de un video educativo para prevenir la violencia sexual en adolescentes en edad escolar. Métodos: se trata de un estudio metodológico, desarrollado entre septiembre de 2018 y febrero de 2021 en Recife-PE. La producción del video educativo se realizó de acuerdo con el recorrido metodológico propuesto por Kindem y Musberg. El video fue sometido a validación de contenido y evaluación de su aspecto a cargo de jueces especialistas y de adolescentes en edad escolar, respectivamente. En el análisis de los dados, se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas, el Índice de Validez de Contenido y la prueba binomial. Resultados: en la validación del contenido, la concordancia fue satisfactoria y la media del índice de validez correspondiente a todos los ítems del video fue de 0,92. En la evaluación del aspecto, los adolescentes consideraron que el video es comprensible, con un nivel de concordancia mínima del 92,3%. Conclusión: el video educativo que se elaboró fue considerado válido por los jueces, con el propósito de contribuir al conocimiento y la actitud de los adolescentes en edad escolar sobre la prevención de la violencia sexual.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o processo de construção e validação de um vídeo educacional para prevenção da violência sexual em adolescentes em idade escolar. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo metodológico, desenvolvido durante o período de setembro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2021 em Recife-PE. Foi realizada a produção de vídeo educacional de acordo com a trajetória metodológica proposta por Kindem e Musberg. O vídeo foi submetido a validação de conteúdo e avaliação de aparência, por juízes especialistas e adolescentes em idade escolar, respectivamente. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se frequência absoluta, índice de validade de conteúdo e teste binomial. Resultados: na validação de conteúdo, a concordância foi satisfatória e a média do índice de validade para todos os itens do vídeo foi de 0,92. Na avaliação de aparência, os adolescentes consideraram o vídeo compreensível, com nível de concordância mínima de 92,3%. Conclusão: o vídeo educacional construído foi considerado válido por juízes, para contribuir no conhecimento e atitude de adolescentes em idade escolar sobre a prevenção da violência sexual.

The mental health of children during the covid-19 pandemic: an integrative review / La salud mental de los niños en la pandemia de covid-19: revisión integradora / Saúde mental de crianças na pandemia da covid-19: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence on the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and their coping strategies. Method: this is an integrative literature review study in the SciELO, Lilacs, Scopus, and Medline databases. The search found a total of 6,094 articles. After applying the eligibility criteria, 12 articles were composed for the review. Results: the results showed that the main repercussions for mental health were: anxiety, stress, depressive symptoms, hyperactivity, irritability, changes in sleep patterns, mood states, social distancing, behavior changes, decrease or lack of connection with peers, and increased screen time. The following coping strategies were identified: open and explanatory dialogues between parents and children about the pandemic and the coronavirus, regulation of sleep patterns and screen time, regular physical activity, improvement in the quality of remote teaching and universal access to classes, and implementation of public policies and actions in the health. Conclusion: it was concluded that children are already suffering from these repercussions, which could affect their mental and physical health, raising the need to organize coping strategies at the population level that minimize damage in the post-pandemic period.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las pruebas científicas sobre las repercusiones de la pandemia de COVID -19 en la salud mental de los niños y sus estrategias de afrontamiento. Método: revisión bibliográfica integradora en las bases de datos SciELO, Lilacs, Scopus y Medline. La búsqueda dio como resultado un total de 6.094 artículos; tras aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad, 12 artículos componían la revisión. Resultados: los resultados mostraron que las principales repercusiones para la salud mental fueron: ansiedad, estrés, síntomas depresivos, hiperactividad, irritabilidad, cambios en el patrón de sueño, estados de ánimo, retraimiento social, cambios de comportamiento, disminución o ausencia de conexión con los compañeros y aumento del tiempo de pantalla. Se señalaron como estrategias de afrontamiento las siguientes: diálogos abiertos y explicativos entre padres e hijos sobre la pandemia y el coronavirus, la regulación de los patrones de sueño y del tiempo de pantalla, la actividad física regular, la mejora de la calidad de la educación a distancia y el acceso universal a las clases y la implementación de políticas y acciones públicas en materia de salud. Conclusión: se llegó a la conclusión de que los niños ya están sufriendo estas repercusiones, que podrían afectar su salud mental y física, y que es necesario organizar estrategias de afrontamiento a nivel de la población para minimizar los daños en el periodo pospandémico.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas sobre as repercussões da pandemia da COVID-19 para a saúde mental de crianças e suas estratégias de enfrentamento. Método: estudo do tipo revisão integrativa de literatura nas bases de dados SciELO, Lilacs, Scopus e Medline. A busca resultou em um total de 6.094 artigos; após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, 12 artigos compuseram a revisão. Resultados: os resultados mostraram que as principais repercussões para a saúde mental foram: ansiedade, estresse, sintomas depressivos, hiperatividade, irritabilidade, alterações no padrão do sono, estados de humor, distanciamento social, alterações de comportamento, diminuição ou ausência de conexão com os pares e aumento do tempo em tela. Foram apontadas como estratégias de enfrentamento: diálogos abertos e explicativos entre pais e filhos acerca da pandemia e do coronavírus, regulação do padrão de sono e do tempo em tela, prática de atividade física regular, melhora da qualidade do ensino remoto e universalidade do acesso às aulas e implementação de políticas públicas e ações em saúde. Conclusão: concluiu-se que as crianças já estão sofrendo com essas repercussões, as quais poderão afetar sua saúde mental e física, surgindo a necessidade de organizar estratégias de enfrentamento a nível populacional que minimizem os danos no período pós-pandemia.

Family functionality and burden of family caregivers of users with mental disorders / Funcionalidad familiar y sobrecarga de cuidadores familiares de usuarios con trastornos mentales / Funcionalidade familiar e sobrecarga de familiares cuidadores de usuários com transtornos mentais

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the difference of mean or median in the scores of family functionality and burden of family caregivers of people with mental disorders. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out in a Psychosocial Care Center with 61 family caregivers. Instruments were used for sociodemographic characterization, care process, Family Apgar Index and Family Burden Interview Schedule. Mean/median difference tests were adopted. Results: women with mental disorders and the presence of children in the home decreased the median of the family Apgar score. Difficulty in the relationship between caregiver/user, nervousness/tension, physical aggression and agitation of patients increased the global average of subjective burden. Conclusions: nursing interventions to reduce burden and promote family functionality should prioritize caregivers of women with mental disorders, assist them in managing troublesome behaviors and raising awareness of family nucleus to co-responsibility for caring for sick people, especially in families with children who demand daily care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar la diferencia de media o mediana en las puntuaciones de funcionalidad familiar y sobrecarga de los cuidadores familiares de personas con trastornos mentales. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial, con 61 cuidadores familiares. Se utilizaron instrumentos para la caracterización sociodemográfica, el proceso de cuidado, el Índice de Apgar Familiar y el Family Burden Interview Schedule. Se adoptaron pruebas de diferencia de media/mediana. Resultados: las mujeres con trastornos mentales y la presencia de hijos en el hogar disminuyeron la mediana del Apgar familiar. La dificultad en la relación entre cuidador/usuario, nerviosismo/tensión, agresión física y agitación del paciente aumentaron el promedio global de carga subjetiva. Conclusiones: las intervenciones de enfermería para reducir la carga y promover la funcionalidad familiar deben priorizar a los cuidadores de mujeres con trastornos mentales, asistirlos en el manejo de conductas problemáticas y sensibilizar al núcleo familiar sobre la corresponsabilidad del cuidado del enfermo, especialmente en familias con niños que demandan cuidados diarios.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a diferença de média ou de mediana nos escores de funcionalidade familiar e de sobrecarga de cuidadores familiares de pessoas com transtorno mental. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em Centro de Atenção Psicossocial, com 61 cuidadores familiares. Utilizaram-se instrumentos para caracterização sociodemográfica, do processo de cuidar, Índice Apgar de Família e Family Burden Interview Schedule. Adotaram-se testes de diferença de média/mediana. Resultados: mulher com transtorno mental e presença de crianças na residência diminuíram a mediana do escore de Apgar familiar. Dificuldade de relacionamento entre cuidador/usuário, nervosismo/tensão, agressividade física e agitação do paciente aumentaram a média global de sobrecarga subjetiva. Conclusões: as intervenções de enfermagem para diminuição da sobrecarga e promoção da funcionalidade familiar devem priorizar cuidadores de mulheres com transtorno mental, auxiliá-los no manejo dos comportamentos problemáticos e sensibilizar o núcleo familiar para a corresponsabilidade pelo cuidado do ente adoecido, sobretudo nas famílias com crianças que demandam cuidados diários.

Diagnósticos de enfermagem da Cipe® identificados em puérperas na Atenção Primária à Saúde / Cipe® nursing diagnoses identified in puerperal women in primary health care / Diagnósticos de enfermería de cipe® identificados en mujeres puerperales en atención primaria de salud

Objetivo: Identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem em puérperas cadastradas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde por meio da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 12 puérperas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. Resultados: Os diagnósticos identificados mais frequentes foram: Capacidade para executar atividade de lazer prejudicada (83,3%); Baixa autoestima (50%); Sono prejudicado (50%); Privação do sono (50%) e Dor (50%). Conclusões: Destaca-se o lazer como principal necessidade afetada e a Capacidade para executar atividade de lazer prejudicada como o diagnóstico mais frequente. Conclui-se que o puerpério pode ser considerado um período de vulnerabilidade para a mulher e que o cuidado de enfermagem no puerpério envolve muito mais os aspectos psicossociais do que os biológicos. (AU)

Objective: To identify nursing diagnoses in puerperal women registered in a Basic Health Unit through the International Classification for Nursing Practice. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, carried out with 12 puerperal women in a Basic Health Unit. Results: The most frequent diagnoses identified were: Ability to perform impaired leisure activity (83.3%); Low self-esteem (50%); Impaired sleep (50%); Sleep deprivation (50%) and Pain (50%). Conclusion: Leisure is highlighted as the main affected need and the capacity to perform impaired leisure activity as the most frequent diagnosis. We conclude that the puerperium can be considered a period of vulnerability for women and that nursing care in the puerperium involves psychosocial aspects more than biological ones. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar diagnósticos de enfermería en mujeres puerperales registradas en una Unidad Básica de Salud a través de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con 12 mujeres puerperales en una Unidad Básica de Salud. Resultados: Los diagnósticos más frecuentes identificados fueron: capacidad para realizar actividades de ocio deterioradas (83,3%); Baja autoestima (50%); Problemas de sueño (50%); Privación del sueño (50%) y Dolor (50%). Conclusion: El ocio se destaca como la principal necesidad afectada y la capacidad para realizar actividades de ocio deterioradas como el diagnóstico más frecuente. Se concluye que el puerperio puede considerarse un período de vulnerabilidad para las mujeres y que la atención de enfermería en el puerperio involucra aspectos psicosociales más que biológicos. (AU)

Validity and reliability of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale for Brazilian elderly: a cross-sectional study / Validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Estrés Psicológico de Kessler para ancianos brasileños: un estudio transversal / Validade e confiabilidade da Escala de Estresse Psicológico de Kessler para idosos brasileiros: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the validity and reliability of the Psychological Distress Scale for screening mental distress. Methods: a cross-sectional study with 75 elderly people. Psychological Distress scale and Self Reporting Questionnaire were used. Criterion validity was verified using Spearman's correlation and diagnostic accuracy measures. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to investigate reliability. Results: the total internal consistency of the Psychological Distress Scale was α=0.844. Concurrent validity between this instrument and the Self Reporting Questionnaire was ρ=0.722 (p<0.001). The best cut-off point for screening mental distress among elderly people was a total score greater than 14, with sensitivity equal to 75.47% and specificity equal to 85.0%. Conclusions: the scale was robust for screening mental distress, given its high reliability, in terms of homogeneity, and adequate criterion validity, whose best cut-off point for screening was a score greater than 14.

RESUMEN Objetivos: verificar la validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Estrés Psicológico para el cribado del sufrimiento mental. Métodos: estudio transversal con 75 personas mayores. Se utilizó la escala y el cuestionario de autoinforme. La validez de criterio se verificó mediante la correlación de Spearman y las medidas de precisión diagnóstica. Se utilizó el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para investigar la confiabilidad. Resultados: la consistencia interna total de la escala fue α=0,844. La validez concurrente entre este instrumento y Self Reporting Questionnaire fue ρ=0,722 (p<0,001). El mejor punto de corte para el cribado del sufrimiento mental fue una puntuación total > 14, con una sensibilidad de 75,47% y una especificidad de 85,0%. Conclusiones: la escala fue robusta para el seguimiento del sufrimiento mental, dada su alta confiabilidad, en términos de homogeneidad, y adecuada validez de criterio, cuyo mejor punto de corte para el cribado fue una puntuación mayor a 14.

RESUMO Objetivos: verificar a validade e a confiabilidade da Escala de Estresse Psicológico para rastreio de sofrimento mental. Métodos: estudo transversal com 75 idosos. Utilizou-se escala de Estresse Psicológico e Self Reporting Questionnaire. Validade de critério foi verificada por meio da correlação de Spearman e de medidas de acurácia diagnóstica. Utilizou-se Coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para investigação da confiabilidade. Resultados: a consistência interna total da escala de Estresse Psicológico foi α=0,844. A validade concorrente entre esse instrumento e o Self Reporting Questionnaire foi ρ=0,722 (p<0,001). O melhor ponto de corte para rastreio de sofrimento mental entre idosos foi escore total maior do que 14, com sensibilidade igual a 75,47% e especificidade igual a 85,0%. Conclusões: a escala apresentou-se robusta para rastreamento de sofrimento mental, dada a sua elevada confiabilidade, em termos de homogeneidade, e adequada validade de critério, cujo melhor ponto de corte para rastreio foi pontuação maior do que 14.