The effect of a single bout of brisk walking on postprandial lipemia in normolipidemic young adults.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of one bout of low-intensity exercise on the lipemic response to a high-fat meal. Twelve (six women, six men) normolipidemic adults aged 25.8 +/- 1.2 years (mean +/- SEM) took part in two trials. In the exercise trial, subjects walked for 2 hours on a treadmill at 30.9% +/- 1.6% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) 15 hours before ingestion of the test meal. In the control trial, subjects rested the day before the test meal. After a 12-hour fast, blood samples were obtained by venous cannulation before ingestion and hourly after ingestion for 6 hours. Serum was analyzed for triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL2-C, apolipoproteins (apos) A-I and B, free fatty acids (FFA), free glycerol, glucose, and insulin. TG values were corrected for free glycerol. Fasting serum TG and peak TG concentrations were lower (Wilcoxon, P < .05) for the exercise trial than for the control trial (0.74 +/- 0.03 v 0.92 +/- 0.08 and 1.98 +/- 0.18 v 2.59 +/- 0.32 mmol.L-1, respectively). The total lipemic response (area under the TG/time curve, normalized to the 0-hour level) was 31% +/- 7% lower in the exercise trial (4.28 +/- 0.66 v 6.46 +/- 1.08 mmol.L-1.h, P < .01). No differences were found between trials in the other parameters. These results show that a single bout of low-intensity exercise reduces the extent of postprandial lipemia in normolipidemic young adults. One possible mechanism is enhanced lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the exercised skeletal muscle.

Hazards of chemicals used in agricultural aviation: a review.

Chemicals at the present time are the only means of controlling pest damage to crops on economic, efficient, and compatible grounds. Timely application, particularly over large areas or inaccessible areas, requires aircraft to apply them. Aerial agriculture is an essential industry, and growing in worldwide use. It is being used more and more in areas of the world where food is in short supply, and will be used more extensively to increase food production. Problems are associated with the use of chemicals, or more particularly, their misuse. There is an almost infinite variety of potentially valuable insecticides. Whilst the number of individual agents can become quite large, it is fortunate perhaps, that only a few types of classes of chemicals possess useful pesticidal activity. The aerial applicator's toxicological problems are mainly concerned with four classes: dinitrophenols, carbamates organochlorines, and organophosphates. It is recommended that application pilots and ground crews using these classes of pesticides should have their individual cholinesterase levels established at the start of a season for project, and monitored at intervals. Recommended lowest levels in blood and plasma are tabulated. Electromyography is also introduced in establishing a non-invasive method of measuring toxicity in the pilots and ground crews.