The Effect of Exogenous Amylase Supplementation on the Nutritional Value of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) for Broiler Chickens.

The present study aimed to investigate whether the exogenous addition of amylase enhances the nutritional value of pea seeds for broiler chickens. In total, 84 1-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were used for the experimental study. During the first phase of the experiment (1-16 d), all birds in each treatment were fed with a corn-soybean meal reference diet. After this time, the first treatment (control) was still fed the reference diet. In the second and third treatment, 50% of the reference diet was replaced with 50% pea seeds. In addition, the third treatment was supplemented with exogenous amylase. Animal excreta were collected on 21 d and 22 d of the experiment. The birds were sacrificed at the end of the experiment (23 d), and samples of ileum content were collected. The experimental results showed that the exogenous addition of amylase significantly improved (p < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of the crude protein (CP), starch, and dry matter (DM) of pea. In addition, an improvement in the AID of essential amino acids in pea seeds (except Phe) was observed. The trend in the AMEN values was also noted (p = 0.076). It can be concluded that supplementation with exogenous amylase improves the nutritional value of pea seeds in broiler chicken nutrition.

Change in ocular refraction after tropicamide cycloplegia in preschool children.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in ocular refraction after 1% tropicamide and its efficacy in diagnosing refractive errors in preschool children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 116 children (232 eyes) at the age of 5 to 6 years participated in the study. An objective examination of refraction using autorefractor before and after 1% tropicamide cycloplegia (2 x 1 drop of the agent instilled 5 min apart) was performed in the study. RESULTS: After the instillation of tropicamide, the spherical component of the refractive error significantly increased by +0.78 D, while the cylindrical component (i.e. its power and axis) remained unaltered. In examining the refractive error, the mean value of the spherical component in children at the age of 5 to 6 years amounted to +1.55 D, in the cylindrical component mean value was -0.51 D, and the axis was 102 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: 1% Tropicamide appears an effective cycloplegic agent in preschool children, excluding children with high hyperopia, anisometropia, or strabismus.

Growth performance and Carcass quality in broiler chickens fed on legume seeds and rapeseed meal.

The aim of this study was to compare the growth performance parameters, carcass quality, and meat traits in broiler chickens fed on diets containing legume seeds and rapeseed meal as an alternative to soybean meal. In this study, 448 male ROSS 308 chicks were divided into subgroups: a control group (I) fed on soybean meal (SBM), and six experimental groups II-rapeseed meal (RSM); III-white lupin (WY); IV-yellow lupin (YL); V-narrow-leaved lupin NLL; VI-pea (Pe); and VII-faba bean (FB). After 42 days of rearing, 10 birds from each group were slaughtered and dissected. The control group was characterized by better growth performance compared to the other groups. In addition, the European Broiler Index was lower in each experimental group compared to the SBM group. A lower dressing percentage was found only in the NLL group. The muscle content in birds from the RSM and FB groups was significantly higher than in the other groups, but the fat content was lower. Meat from SBM group was characterized by the highest protein content, but a reduced content of fat and water in the muscles. The most similar results were found between the control group and the FB group receiving a diet based on faba beans. Furthermore, lupins had a similar effect on the carcass traits when used in the diets. The quality of meat in broilers fed on faba beans with the addition of potato protein and brewers' yeast was similar to that of those fed on soybean meal, because the antinutrients were the lowest in faba bean seeds. Faba beans are proposed as a possible alternative source of protein in poultry diets. Other legume seeds should be analyzed in future studies.

[Does exogenous melatonin prove to be effective in the prevention and treatment of pathologies associated with shift and night work?]. / Czy egzogenna melatonina moze byc skuteczna w profilaktyce i leczeniu zaburzen zwiazanych z praca zmianowa i nocna?

The current data concerning the efficacy of exogenous melatonin treatment, especially with respect to night-shift workers, are presented. Therapy of sleep disorders experienced by night-shift workers is not always successful. To assess the results of melatonin therapy in shift workers, it is essential to perform extensive analyses of numerous physiological functions that may be affected by this work system as well as of possible late health effects in this group of workers. It is also necessary to establish indications and conditions for this kind of therapy. We may suspect that both night-shift work tolerance and efficacy of melatonin therapy are different in individual workers, and thus the choice of therapy should be based on a thorough examination of each worker's psycho-somatic conditions.

Study of ABCB1 polymorphism frequency in breast cancer patients from Poland.

BACKGROUND: The accumulation of mutagenic substances in the human body may result in DNA metabolism disruption followed by carcinogenesis. As a consequence of mutations in the genes coding for transmembrane protein pumps, the intracellular concentration of xenobiotics may significantly increase. This, in turn, may provoke altered risk for cancer development. The gene known to be the most relevant in the transport of numerous compounds is ABCB1 (also known as MDR1). Numerous mutations and polymorphisms that affect the encoded protein's (PgP) function were identified in this gene. The aim of the study was to define the frequency of 2677G>A,T and 3435C>T polymorphisms in a population of Polish breast cancer patients and to estimate their contribution to cancer development. METHODS: The polymorphism frequency analysis (209 patients vs. 202 control subjects) was performed either by allele-specific amplification (2677G>A,T) or by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using the SAU3AI restriction enzyme (3435C>T) followed by verification with hybridization probe assays in a Real-Time system and sequencing. RESULTS: In the control group the frequency of individual 2677 genotypes was: wild homozygous GG = 34%, heterozygous G/T or G/A = 52.5% and variant homozygous AA or TT = 13.5%, while the genotype frequency in the group of studied patients was 43.5, 44.5 and 12%, respectively. In the control group, the frequency of individual 3435 genotypes was: CC = 25.4%, CT = 50.2%, TT = 24.4%, while the genotype frequency in the group of studied patients was 23, 46 and 31%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Thus, no significant differences in the studied polymorphism frequencies were observed. It is then suggested that the studied polymorphisms, although probably good candidates in other tissue cancer types, might not be good predictive factors in breast cancer risk or development in Caucasians.