[Clinical significance of new urine red blood cell parameter in different kinds of glomerulonephritis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical value of new kinds of urinary erythrocyte morphology parameter in discriminating different pathology types of glomerulonephritis. METHODS: All of the 52 urine samples were from glomerulonephritis patients who had been diagnosed by renal biopsy results. The change of the percentage of acanthocytes, the size of RBC, the shape of RBC between the primary glomerulonephritis (39 cases) and secondary glomerulonephritis (13 cases) urine were detected by AVE-764 fully automatic urine cell analyzer. RESULTS: Acanthocytes could be found in both primary glomerulonephritis and secondary glomerulonephritis. Of the patients whose acanthocytes percentages above 10%, 94.1% had primary glomerulonephritis and 5.9% had secondary glomerulonephritis. The picture of size-shape phase were classified as strip-type, inverted triangle-type and hanging tail-type. 95.2% Strip-type cases were from primary glomerulonephritis patients. Triangle-typenormally cases were all from primary glomerulonephritis patients. Hanging tail-type cases were all from secondary glomerulonephritis. CONCLUSION: High acanthocytes percentage is most common in primary glomerulonephritis, going with the size and shape of RBC can be useful in the differential diagnosis of different pathology types of glomerulonephritis.

Imbalance of circulating CTLA4+ follicular helper and follicular regulatory T cells in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome.

Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is characterized clinically by a variety of obstetric manifestations (fetal death and recurrent abortions) and serologically by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). Whether dysregulation of Follicular helper T (Tfh) and Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells contribute to the immunopathogenesis in OAPS is still unknown. We analyzed phenotypic characterizations of circulating Tfh cells and Tfr cells in OAPS patients and healthy individuals. CTLA4(Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4)+ Tfh cells and CTLA4+ Tfr cells were declined and CTLA4+ Tfr/Tfh ratio and IL-21 were increased in OAPS patients compared with healthy controls. Percentages of CTLA4+ Tfh cells and CTLA4+ Tfr cells were the lowest in OAPS patients whose antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) were triple positive. Increased CTLA4+ Tfr/Tfh ratio was positively correlated with anti-ß2 glycoprotein I (anti-ß2GPI) IgM, Complement 4(C4) or IL-21 in OAPS. Increased Th17 subtype and decreased Th1, Th2 subtypes in Tfh cells and Tfr cells, increased effector memory subtype and decreased central memory subtype of Tfh cells and Tfr cells were also observed in OAPS compared with healthy individuals. Our data demonstrated that an imbalance of circulating CTLA4+ Tfh cells, and Tfr cells correlates with the immunopathogenesis of OAPS.