Working conditions and mental health of community health workers in the COVID-19 pandemic. / Condições de trabalho e saúde mental de agentes comunitários de saúde na pandemia de COVID-19.

This study examined the prevalence of anxiety and depression associated with Community Health Workers' (CHWs') working conditions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil by applying a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic conditions, command of technologies and working conditions during the pandemic, as well as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Patient Health Questionnare-9 (PHQ-9). Descriptive and multiple Poisson regression analyses were performed with robust variance, to a 5% level of significance (p < 0.05) for the final model. A total of 1,220 CHWs from 36 municipalities participated in the study. Prevalences were 41.8% and 31.6% for anxiety and depression, respectively, while 22.5% of the group displayed symptoms of both conditions. Being female, up to 40 years old, having more than 500 users registered for monitoring, and inadequate supply of personal protective equipment were associated with anxiety and depression among the CHWs. Prevalence of anxiety and depression was high among CHWs during the pandemic and working conditions figured prominently among the associated factors.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência de ansiedade e depressão associada às condições de trabalho dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Estudo transversal, realizado no norte de Minas Gerais. Foi aplicado um questionário que abordava condições sociodemográficas, domínio de tecnologias e condições de trabalho durante a pandemia, além do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado e do Patient Health Questionnare-9 (PHQ-9). Foram realizadas análises descritivas e de regressão múltipla de Poisson com variância robusta, considerando um nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05) para o modelo final. Participaram do estudo 1.220 ACS de 36 municípios. A prevalência foi de 41,8% e 31,6% para ansiedade e depressão, respectivamente, e 22,5% para ambas as condições. O sexo feminino, idade até 40 anos, ter mais de 500 usuários cadastrados para acompanhamento e oferta inadequada de equipamentos de proteção individual estiveram associados à ansiedade e à depressão. Registrouse uma elevada prevalência de ansiedade e depressão entre ACS no período da pandemia, com destaque para as condições de trabalho entre os fatores associados.

Factors associated with the lifestyle of state basic education teachers of state during the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with the lifestyle profile of public basic education teachers in Minas Gerais during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Epidemiological websurvey carried out with public basic education teachers in Minas Gerais. Data collection took place from August to September2020 via digital form. Anthropometric, sociodemographic, work, and lifestyle characteristics were evaluated. Poisson Regression was used. RESULTS: 15,641 teachers participated and 31.1% had inadequate health habits. There was a higher prevalence among men (PR=1.38; 95%CI:1.31;1.45), older age (PR=1.20; 95%CI: 1.07;1.34), greater weekly workload (RP=1.10; 95%CI:1.03;1.17) and those dissatisfied with work (RP=1.21; 95%CI:1.15;1.27). As a protective factor, professors with longer teaching experience (RP=0.92; 95%CI:0.87;0.98) and those hired or appointed (PR=0.89; 95%CI:0.85) ;0.94). CONCLUSION: Lifestyle inadequacy was found among older male teachers, with longer working hours and job dissatisfaction.

Diagnostic performance of anthropometric indicators used to assess excess body fat in adolescence.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of anthropometric indicators that identify excess body fat (BF) in adolescents. METHODS: This is a methodological study that used probability cluster sampling through school and class draws. Data collection included sociodemographic characteristics and anthropometric measures. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), conicity index (C index), and waist circumference (WC) were calculated. Body fat percentage (BF%) was calculated from skinfold thickness and used as the gold standard. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, and Youden's index were used, in addition to correlation coefficient calculation between the indicators and BF%. RESULTS: A total of 997 adolescents enrolled in municipal secondary schools participated in the study. By calculating the BMI, we found that 10.6% of adolescents were overweight, and 4.7% were obese. BMI, WC, and WtHR had the highest accuracy to predict body fatness. All the anthropometric indicators had higher specificity than sensitivity to diagnose excess BF in males. WC had the highest sensitivity in both genders. C index had the smallest area under the ROC curve and the lowest sensitivity in both genders, but its specificity was equivalent to that of the other indicators. CONCLUSIONS: BMI, WtHR, and WC were the best anthropometric indicators to predict excess BF in adolescents and had the best correlation coefficients. These tools can be considered in the screening to detect excess BF in adolescents.

Positive self-perception of health among non-long-lived and long-lived older adults and associated factors. / Autopercepção positiva de saúde entre idosos não longevos e longevos e fatores associados.

This work aimed to identify the prevalence of positive self-perceived health among non-long-lived and long-lived older adults and associated factors. This is a study with older adults in the Family Health Strategy of Montes Claros. The Brazilian Older Americans Resources and Services Multidimensional Function Assessment Questionnaire was used. Bivariate and multiple analyses were performed using Poisson Regression. A total of 1,750 older adults participated in the study, of which 1,420 were non-long-lived older adults, and 330 were long-lived older adults. Positive self-perception was reported among 71.9% of the non-long-lived older adults and 67.8% of the long-lived older adults. Among the non-long-lived, positive self-perceived health was associated with five years of schooling (PR=1.12); household income from two to less than three minimum wages (PR=1.13) and ≥three minimum wages (PR=1.12); preserved vision (PR=1.13); proper chewing (PR=1.16); preserved sleep (PR=1.23); absence of polypathologies (PR=1.29); absence of diabetes (PR=1.15); falls in the last year (PR=1.13); and physical activity (PR=1.11). Among the long-lived older adults, it was associated with the use of prosthesis, sleeping disorders, and polypathologies and physical activities. Positive self-perception of health is associated with social and health determinants.

Objetivou-se identificar a prevalência da autopercepção positiva de saúde entre os idosos não longevos e longevos e fatores associados. Pesquisa realizada com idosos cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família de Montes Claros. Utilizou-se o instrumento Brazilian Older Americans Resources and Services Multidimensional Function Assessment Questionnaire. Realizaram-se análises bivariadas e múltiplas por meio da Regressão de Poisson. Participaram 1.750 idosos, sendo 1.420 idosos não longevos e 330 longevos. A autopercepção positiva foi referida entre 71,9% dos idosos não longevos e 67,8% dos longevos. Entre os não longevos, a autopercepção positiva de saúde foi associada: escolaridade a partir de 5 anos (RP=1,12); renda familiar entre 2 a menos de 3 salários mínimos (RP=1,13) e maior ou igual a 3 salários mínimos (RP=1,12); visão preservada (RP=1,13); boa mastigação (RP=1,16); sono preservado (RP=1,23); ausência de polipatologias (RP=1,29); ausência de diabetes (RP=1,15) e de quedas no último ano (RP=1,13) e prática de atividades físicas (RP=1,11) e entre os longevos: uso de prótese; ausência de alterações no sono e de polipatologias e prática de atividades físicas. A autopercepção positiva de saúde está associada aos determinantes sociais e de saúde.

[Psychometric properties of the Internet Addiction Test in students in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil]. / Propriedades psicométricas do Internet Addiction Test em estudantes de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

The study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) in students. The methodological study population consisted of secondary and university students from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The following parameters were assessed: psychometric sensitivity, construct validity (factor, convergent, discriminant, and test of hypothesis), criterion validity (concurrent), and reliability (internal consistency and reproducibility). A total of 2,519 students participated, 29.6% of whom were secondary school enrollees. A three-factor measurement model was adjusted ("emotional and cognitive preoccupation with the Internet", "problems in managing time", and "performance problems"), which obtained satisfactory adequacy indices and stable structure in the independent subsamples. Convergent validity was close to the recommended level (mean extracted variation = 0.32, 0.41, and 0.45 and compound reliability values = 0.84, 0.81, and 0.71), and discriminant and concurrent validities were adequate. Internal consistency was adequate (alpha = 0.906), as was reproducibility (kappa = 0.73 and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.90). The Portuguese-language version of the IAT presented satisfactory levels of validity, reliability, and stability in independent samples of students.

O objetivo foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão traduzida para o português do Internet Addiction Test (IAT) em estudantes. Estudo metodológico, cuja população foi constituída por estudantes dos ensinos Médio e Superior de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram avaliadas sensibilidade psicométrica, validade de construto (fatorial, convergente, discriminante e teste de hipótese), validade de critério (concorrente) e confiabilidade (consistência interna e reprodutibilidade). Participaram 2.519 estudantes, sendo 29,6% do Ensino Médio. Foi ajustado um modelo de medida trifatorial - "preocupação emocional e cognitiva com a Internet", "problemas de gerenciamento de tempo" e "problemas de desempenho" -, o qual obteve índices satisfatórios de adequação e estrutura estável nas subamostras independentes. A validade convergente foi próxima ao recomendado (variância extraída média = 0,32, 0,41 e 0,45 e valores de confiabilidade composta iguais 0,84, 0,81 e 0,71); as validades discriminante e concorrente foram adequadas. Foram igualmente adequadas a consistência interna (alfa = 0,906) e a reprodutibilidade (kappa = 0,73 e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse = 0,90). A versão traduzida para o português do IAT apresentou níveis satisfatórios de validade, confiabilidade e estabilidade em amostras independentes de estudantes.

El objetivo fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión traducida al portugués del Internet Addiction Test (IAT) en estudiantes. Estudio metodológico, cuya población estuvo constituida por estudiantes de enseñanza media y superior de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se evaluaron: sensibilidad psicométrica, validez del constructo (factorial, convergente, discriminante y test de hipótesis), validez de criterio (concurrente) y confiabilidad (consistencia interna y reproducibilidad). Participaron 2.519 estudiantes, siendo un 29,6% de enseñanza media. Se ajustó un modelo de medida trifactorial: "preocupación emocional y cognitiva con Internet", "problemas de gestión de tiempo" y "problemas de desempeño", con el que se obtuvieron índices satisfactorios de adecuación y estructura estable en las submuestras independientes. La validez convergente estuvo cercana a lo recomendado (variancia extraída media = 0,32, 0,41 y 0,45 y valores de confiabilidad compuesta = 0,84, 0,81 y 0,71), la validez, tanto discriminante como concurrente, fueron adecuadas. La consistencia interna fue adecuada (alfa = 0,906), así como la reproducibilidad (kappa = 0,73 y coeficiente de correlación intraclase = 0,90). La versión traducida al portugués del IAT presentó niveles satisfactorios de validez, confiabilidad y estabilidad en muestras independientes de estudiantes.

Health-related habits among community health workers in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil: a cross-sectional study, 2018. / Hábitos relacionados à saúde entre agentes comunitários de saúde de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais: estudo transversal, 2018.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the health-related habits of community health workers (CHW). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2018. Anthropometric, sociodemographic, labor and lifestyle characteristics were evaluated. Poisson regression was applied to calculate the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of unhealthy habits according to independent variables. RESULTS: 675 CHW participated. Regarding their health profile, 60.8% were overweight, 83.0% reported low fruit consumption and 58.1% reported low greens and vegetable consumption. Physical inactivity was reported by 26.2%. 7.1% stated they were smokers were 37.6% drank alcoholic beverages. Inadequate health habits were higher among males (PR=1.24 - 95%CI 1.05;1.45), younger workers (PR=1.19 - 95%CI 1.01;1.40) and workers without a religion (PR=1.23 - 95%CI 1.04;1.45). CONCLUSION: There was relevant prevalence of inadequate health habits among community health workers, associated with sociodemographic factors.

Quality of life and adiposity in adolescents: direct and indirect effects. / Qualidade de vida e adiposidade em adolescentes: efeitos diretos e indiretos.

This paper aimed to analyze the direct and indirect effects of adiposity and factors related to adolescents' quality of life. This is a cross-sectional study with 635 adolescents (10-16 years) from public schools in Montes Claros-MG, Brazil. Anthropometric data, physical activity (PA), inadequate dietary habits, body image, and quality of life (QoL) of adolescents were collected. A structural equation modeling was performed. The variables addressed as constructs were adiposity and inadequate dietary habits, the exploratory variables were PA and body image, and the outcome variable was QoL. The total effect of PA-mediated adiposity on QoL was positive and significant (ß=0.213; p<0.05), in contrast to the total effect mediated by inadequate dietary habits on QoL, which was negative and significant (ß=-0.150; p<0.05). The direct effect of PA on QoL was positive and significant (ß=0.209; p<0.001). No body image-related effects were observed. The effects of adiposity on adolescents' QoL tend to improve when mediated by PA, and they worsen when mediated by inadequate dietary habits. The effects of PA tend to improve the QoL of adolescents.

Objetivou-se analisar os efeitos diretos e indiretos da adiposidade e de fatores relacionados à qualidade de vida de adolescentes. Estudo transversal realizado com 635 adolescentes (10 a 16 anos), de escolas públicas da cidade de Montes Claros-MG. Coletaram-se dados antropométricos, de atividade física (AF), hábitos alimentares inadequados, imagem corporal e qualidade de vida (QV) dos adolescentes. Foi realizada a modelagem com equações estruturais. As variáveis tratadas como construto foram adiposidade e hábitos alimentares inadequados, as variáveis exploratórias foram AF e imagem corporal; a variável desfecho, QV. O efeito total da adiposidade mediada pela AF sobre a QV foi positivo e significativo (ß=0,213; p<0,05), em contraste com o efeito total mediado pelos hábitos alimentares inadequados sobre a QV, que foi negativo e significativo (ß=-0,150; p<0,05). O efeito direto da AF sobre a QV foi positivo e significativo (ß=0,209; p<0,001). Não se observou efeitos relacionados à imagem corporal. Os efeitos da adiposidade tendem a melhorar a QV dos adolescentes, quando mediados pela prática de AF e a piorá-la, quando mediados pelos hábitos alimentares inadequados; os efeitos da AF tendem a melhorar a QV dos adolescentes.

Sociodemographic and occupational factors associated with anxiety symptoms in Community Health Agents. / Fatores sociodemográficos e ocupacionais associados aos sintomas de ansiedade entre Agentes Comunitários de Saúde.

Community Health Agents (CHAs) play a crucial role in assisting the population. Due to the complexity of functions and situations to which they are exposed, they can present with emotional problems. The aim of this article was to verify the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and the association with sociodemographic and occupational factors in community health agents. It is a cross-sectional and populational study that used a questionnaire to collect data on the sociodemographic, economic and occupational conditions and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Descriptive analyses and multiple Poisson regression were performed with robust variation, considering a 5% significance level (p <0.05) for the final model. A total of 673 community health agents were evaluated. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in the STAI-State was 47.4% and in the STAI-trait, 42.4%. The time working as a CHA longer than five years was associated with the STAI-state (p<0.001) and the STAI-trait (p=0.018), where as the female gender was associated with the STAI-trait (p=0.011). A high prevalence of anxiety symptoms in community health agents was verified. Health promotion strategies aimed at improving and monitoring the mental health of these workers by reducing anxiety disorders is required.

Os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde possuem papel fundamental para o atendimento à população. Devido à complexidade de funções e situações que são expostos podem apresentar problemas emocionais. O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar a prevalência dos sintomas de ansiedade e a associação com os fatores sociodemográficos e ocupacionais entre agentes comunitários de saúde. Estudo transversal, populacional, no qual utilizou-se o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço Estado (IDATE- Traço e IDATE-Estado) e um questionário sobre as condições sociodemográficas e ocupacionais. Realizou-se análises descritivas e de regressão múltipla de Poisson com variância robusta, considerando um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05) para o modelo final. Foram avaliados 673 agentes comunitários de saúde, a prevalência dos sintomas de ansiedade no IDATE-estado foi de 47,4% e no IDATE-traço, 42,4%. O tempo de trabalho acima de cinco anos esteve associado ao IDATE-estado (p<0,001) e ao IDATE-traço (p=0,018), o sexo feminino ficou associado ao IDATE-traço (p=0,011). Verificou-se alta prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade entre os agentes comunitários da saúde. Há necessidade de estratégias que visem a promoção, proteção, monitoramento da saúde mental desses trabalhadores, reduzindo os transtornos de ansiedade.

COVID-19 pandemic: dissatisfaction with work among teachers in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. / Pandemia da COVID-19: insatisfação com o trabalho entre professores(as) do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil.

This article aimed to verify the prevalence and factors associated with dissatisfaction with teaching work among teachers from the state public basic education network in the state of Minas Gerais during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a websurvey, carried out with these teachers between August and September 2020 via digital form. The dependent variable was job satisfaction during the pandemic, with satisfied people being the reference category. Multinomial Logistic Regression was used. 15,641 teachers from 795 municipalities participated in the study. Regarding work satisfaction, 21.6% were satisfied, 44.7% were indifferent and 33.7% were unsatisfied. The chances of being unsatisfied were higher among those without a spouse (OR=1.23), longer teaching time (OR=1.19), difficulty with remote activities (OR=37.60), without possession of a computer (OR=1.40), smokers (OR=1.27), using alcoholic beverages (OR=1.54), sedentary (OR=1.22) and absent leisure activities (OR=1.49). The changes caused in the educational system in the face of the pandemic impacted the teacher's routine, contributing to the dissatisfaction with the work of this professional.

O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar a prevalência e fatores associados à insatisfação com o trabalho docente entre professores(as) da rede pública estadual de educação básica do estado de Minas Gerais durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Inquérito epidemiológico do tipo websurveys, realizado com esses(as) professores(as) entre agosto e setembro de 2020 via formulário digital. A variável dependente foi a satisfação com o trabalho durante a pandemia, sendo os(as) satisfeitos(as) a categoria de referência. Foi utilizada a Regressão Logística Multinomial. Participaram do estudo 15.641 professores(as) de 795 municípios. Em relação a satisfação com o trabalho, 21,6% estavam satisfeitos(as), 44,7% indiferentes e 33,7% insatisfeitos(as). As chances de estarem insatisfeitos(as) foram maiores entre aqueles(as) sem cônjuge (OR=1,23), maior tempo de docência (OR=1,19), dificuldade com atividades remotas (OR=37,60), sem posse de computador (OR=1,40), tabagistas (OR=1,27), em uso de bebida alcoólica (OR=1,54), sedentários(as) (OR=1,22) e atividade de lazer ausente (OR=1,49). As mudanças causadas no sistema educacional diante da pandemia impactaram a rotina do(a) professor(a), contribuindo para a insatisfação com o trabalho deste(a) profissional.

Working conditions, lifestyle and mental health of Brazilian public-school teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to describe the working conditions, lifestyle and mental health of Brazilian public-school teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is an epidemiological websurvey, carried out from August to September 2020. Teachers from public schools in rural and urban areas in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, participated in the study. A digital questionnaire was used and the study addressed variables related to four major thematic topics: sociodemographic and economic profile, working conditions, lifestyle and health conditions, and mental health problems during the pandemic. The sample consisted of 15,641 teachers, of which 13.3% worked in rural areas, 81.9% were women, 56.2% were aged 41-60 years, 66.8% were married, 99.2% were working remotely and 79.8% adhered to social distancing. During the pandemic, 40.6% showed a decrease in family income, 33.7% were dissatisfied with their work, 58% reported increased body weight, 47.9% did not exercise, 35.8% were part of at least one risk group for COVID-19, 40.5% had some flu-like symptoms during the pandemic and 1.2% tested positive for COVID-19. Regarding mental health problems, 25.9% of teachers self-reported formal diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression during the pandemic. In addition, 7.1% of teachers were drinking more alcohol than usual, 33.4% started having sleep problems, 30.4% were using relax/sleep/anxiety/depression medications, 67.1% reported that their quality of life worsened and 43.7% reported having severe fear of COVID-19. It was also found that 82.3% of teachers had at least one mental health problem during the pandemic, such as increased alcohol consumption, sleep problems, use of psychotropic medication, decreased quality of life, and fear of COVID-19. The results of this study reveal the numerous challenges and the extent of the impact of the pandemic on working conditions, lifestyle, and especially on the mental health of teachers.

CONSUMPTION OF ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS BY CHILDREN UNDER 24 MONTHS OF AGE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intake of ultra-processed foods by children under 24 months of age from the city of Montes Claros and identify factors associated with this consumption. METHODS: This is a population-based cross-sectional study with data collected from households through interviews. A questionnaire assessed the sociodemographic conditions of the family, maternal and child characteristics, and food consumption. We adopted a multivariate model to identify factors associated with the intake of ultra-processed foods. RESULTS: A total of 545 children participated in this study, of whom 74.3% consumed some kind of ultra-processed food. The factors most strongly associated with this consumption were children older than six months, infants who were not breastfed, households with up to three residents, and the main caregiver of the child being someone other than the mother. CONCLUSIONS: Children under 24 months start consuming ultra-processed products at an early age, replacing foods considered natural and healthy. This study can contribute to guide health professionals in counseling families about feeding in the first years of life, emphasizing the proper introduction of complementary feeding and discouraging the consumption of ultra-processed products.

Analysis of the interrelationships between factors influencing blood pressure in adults.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the interrelationships between sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical factors associated with high blood pressure in a population of Brazilian adults. METHODS: Data from a cross-sectional population-based study conducted with adults were used. In the hypothetical model developed socioeconomic status, fruit and vegetable intake, adiposity and blood pressure were treated as latent variables and age, gender, glycemia, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and control of arterial hypertension were considered observed variables. Confirmatory factorial analysis was used to construct the latent variables measurement models and the structural equation modeling was used to adjust the final model. RESULTS: The study included 808 individuals, with mean age of 44.2 years (± 17.8), 52.7% being female. It verified that age exerted a positive direct effect on blood pressure (ß = 0.39), adiposity (ß = 0.44), glycemia (ß = 0.26) and smoking (ß = 0.30). Age had a negative direct effect on physical activity (ß=-0.17) and alcohol consumption (ß = -0.10). Males were positively associated with blood pressure (ß = 0.13), smoking (ß = 0.28; p < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (ß = 0.18). Adiposity had a positive direct effect on blood pressure (ß = 0.23) and glycemia (ß = 0.16) and alcohol consumption produced a positive effect (ß = 0.09) on adiposity. Fruit and vegetable intake had a negative direct effect on blood pressure (ß = -0.11), while socioeconomic status had a positive direct effect on fruit and vegetable consumption (ß = 0.47). We adjusted the structural model according to the variable medical control of arterial hypertension, which had a negative direct effect on blood pressure (ß = -0.10). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that increasing age is associated with increased blood pressure, adiposity, glycemia and smoking, as well as with reduced physical activity and alcohol consumption. Males were associated with increased blood pressure and greater use of alcohol and cigarettes. Higher adiposity indicators were correlated with increased blood pressure and glycemic levels; higher alcohol consumption was associated with increased adiposity. Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as active control of hypertension were associated with reduced blood pressure. Better socioeconomic status was associated with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables.

Dyslipidemia prevalence in adolescents in public schools.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents enrolled in the state public education system of the city of Montes Claros, state of Minas Gerais, and compare to a Brazilian population-based study. METHOD: This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, and analytical study with a population of 77,833 students from 63 schools, representing four geographic areas of the city. After a sample calculation, information on 635 adolescents from 10 to 16 years of age was assessed and blood collection was conducted for the analysis of biochemical parameters of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, and HDL-c. RESULTS: Among the adolescents, 26.8% showed high levels of total cholesterol, 15.7% of triglycerides, and 6.5% of LDL-c, and 40.8% had low HDL-c levels. CONCLUSION: Except for HDL-c levels, dyslipidemia prevalence and means in adolescents from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, were above the levels found in the Brazilian population-based study used as parameter.

Influence of socioeconomic status, age, body fat, and depressive symptoms on evel of physical activity in adults: a path analysis. / Influência do nível socioeconômico, idade, gordura corporal e sintomas depressivos na frequência de atividade física em adultos: uma análise de caminhos.

Physical activity is a complex behavior influenced by sociodemographic and clinical factors. A better understanding of the relationships between these factors is essential to better understanding their influence on physical activity. The objective of this study was to examine the association between socioeconomic status, age, body fat, and depressive symptoms and level of physical activity among adults. We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study with 808 individuals to examine the interrelations between the above factors and their influence on level of physical activity using path analysis. Age had a significant direct negative effect on level of physical activity (ß = -0.113, p < 0.004) and a significant positive effect on body fat (ß = 0.376, p < 0.001). Depressive symptoms were negatively influenced by socioeconomic status (ß = -0.126, p < 0.001) and positively influenced by age (ß = 0.244, p < 0.001) and body fat (ß = 0.169; p < 0.004). Socioeconomic status, body fat and depressive symptoms did not directly influence level of physical activity. This study concludes that level of physical activity declines with advancing age.

A atividade física é um comportamento complexo e influenciado por variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. A melhor compreensão desses fatores possibilita considerar a associação deles com a atividade física. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar os efeitos do nível socioeconômico, idade, gordura corporal e sintomas depressivos na frequência de atividade física entre adultos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional conduzido com 808 indivíduos. Foram avaliadas as inter-relações entre as variáveis nível socioeconômico, idade, gordura corporal e sintomas depressivos no nível de atividade física total, por meio da técnica "path analysis". Observou-se efeito direto negativo e significativo da idade (ß = -0,113; p < 0,004) nos níveis de atividade física. A idade (ß = 0,376; p < 0,001) influenciou a gordura corporal, com efeito positivo e significativo. Os sintomas de depressão foram influenciados negativamente pelo nível socioeconômico (ß = -0,126; p < 0,001) e positivamente pela idade (ß = 0,244; p < 0,001) e gordura corporal (ß = 0,169; p < 0,004). O nível socioeconômico, a gordura corporal e os sintomas depressivos não influenciaram diretamente os níveis de atividade física. Concluindo, os resultados mostraram que o avançar da idade contribui para a redução da prática de atividade física.

Common mental disorders in nursing technicians of a university hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors in nursing technicians. METHOD: Cross-sectional analytical study conducted at a university hospital. A questionnaire with sociodemographic, educational and work-related variables and the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 were used to verify the presence of common mental disorders. Association analysis was performed using the chi-squared test, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: 280 nursing technicians participated in the study. The prevalence of common mental disorders was 46.9%. The variables family income (p=0.021) and working exclusively in health area (p<0.001) were associated with the outcome. There was a higher prevalence of CMD among individuals with a family income below four minimum wages (PR=1.41) and among professionals who worked exclusively in the health area (PR=1.95). CONCLUSION: Approximately half of the nursing technicians of the university hospital presented common mental disorders, which were associated with economic and work-related variables.

Factors associated with the lifestyle of high school students from public schools. / Fatores associados ao estilo de vida de estudantes do ensino médio de escolas públicas.

OBJECTIVE: It was aimed to assess the factors associated with the lifestyle of high school students from public schools. METHOD: Cross-sectional and analytical study, in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. 819 high school students from state public schools participated in 2016/2017. A questionnaire was used that included sociodemographic, school variables, self-perception of quality of life, depressive symptoms, Internet addiction and lifestyle. The Chances Ratio was used, through Logistic Regression. RESULTS: Among the participants, 92.2% had a desirable lifestyle, with a mean score of 70.75 points (±11.60). In the multiple analysis, the variables self-perception of quality of life (p= 0.005), depressive symptoms (p<0.001) and Internet addiction (p=0.007) remained associated with lifestyle. CONCLUSION: The improvement of the quality of life, emotional support and education regarding the adequate use of the Internet should be addressed by the nurse in actions to promote health in the school environment.

Perception of body image and nutritional status in adolescents of public schools.

OBJECTIVE: To assess body image dissatisfaction among adolescents from Northern Minas Gerais. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study with adolescents of both sexes, enrolled in the sixth to ninth year in the municipal public education network. A questionnaire was used, composed of sociodemographic and body image variables, which was obtained through a scale of silhouette figures. The anthropometric measurements of weight and height were performed to estimate body mass index. The correlation between the classification of the body mass index and the body image of adolescents was estimated through weighted Kappa. RESULTS: A total of 535 adolescents participated, and 24.5% had different classifications between the real and ideal body image. The Kappa index for the classification of body image was 0.51, 0.58 and 0.32 for the total of adolescents, girls and boys, respectively. CONCLUSION: Public school adolescents are dissatisfied with their self-body image.

Depressive symptoms and associated factors in pregnant women attended in primary healthcare / Síntomas depresivos y factores asociados en gestantes atendidas en atención primaria de salud / Sintomas depressivos e fatores associados em gestantes assistidas na atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms in pregnant women attended in primary healthcare. Method: this is an epidemiological, cross-sectional and analytical study conducted in Montes Claros, in the north of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The dependent variable (depressive symptoms) and independent variables (sociodemographic characteristics, social support, obstetric characteristics, sexuality and health conditions) were collected through a questionnaire and validated scales. The collection took place between October 2018 and November 2019. Descriptive, bivariate and multiple analyzes were performed through multinomial logistics regression. Results: a sample of 1,279 pregnant women was evaluated. The estimated prevalence of moderate and serious depressive symptoms was 16.2% and 25.2%, respectively. Low social support (p<0.001), low sexual performance (p = 0.002) and a high level of perceived stress (p<0.001) were factors associated with moderate depressive symptoms. First gestational trimester (p = 0.006), low social support (p<0.001), low sexual performance (p<0.001) and a high level of perceived stress (p<0.001) were factors associated with serious depressive symptoms. Conclusion: the prevalence of moderate and serious depressive symptoms in pregnant women attended in primary healthcare was considerable. Factors related to social support, gestational quarter (first quarter), sexuality and perceived stress showed association with these symptoms. Caution and the promotion of mental health is necessary for pregnant women in this scenario.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia y factores asociados a síntomas depresivos en gestantes atendidas en Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: se trata de un estudio epidemiológico, transversal y analítico, realizado en Montes Claros, norte del estado de Minas Gerais - Brasil. La variable dependiente (síntomas depresivos) y las variables independientes (características sociodemográficas, apoyo social, características obstétricas, sexualidad y condiciones de salud) se recogieron mediante un cuestionario y escalas validadas. La recolección se realizó entre octubre de 2018 y noviembre de 2019. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, bivariados y múltiples mediante Regresión Logística Multinomial. Resultados: se evaluó una muestra de 1279 gestantes. Las prevalencias estimadas de síntomas depresivos moderados y graves fueron del 16,2% y el 25,2%, respectivamente. El bajo apoyo social (p<0,001), el bajo rendimiento sexual (p=0,002) y el alto nivel de estrés percibido (p<0,001) fueron factores asociados con síntomas depresivos moderados. El primer trimestre del embarazo (p=0,006), el bajo apoyo social (p<0,001), el bajo rendimiento sexual (p<0,001) y el alto nivel de estrés percibido (p<0,001) fueron factores asociados con síntomas depresivos severos. Conclusión: la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos moderados y graves en gestantes atendidas en Atención Primaria de Salud fue considerable. Factores relacionados con el apoyo social, el trimestre gestacional (primer trimestre), la sexualidad y el estrés percibido se asociaron con estos síntomas. En este escenario, es necesaria una mayor atención a las mujeres embarazadas y la promoción de la salud mental.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos em gestantes assistidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, transversal e analítico, realizado em Montes Claros, norte do estado de Minas Gerais - Brasil. A variável dependente (sintomas depressivos) e as variáveis independentes (características sociodemográficas, apoio social, características obstétricas, sexualidade e condições de saúde) foram coletadas por meio de questionário e escalas validadas. A coleta ocorreu entre outubro de 2018 e novembro de 2019. Realizaram-se análises descritivas, bivariada e múltipla mediante Regressão Logística Multinomial. Resultados: avaliou-se amostra de 1279 gestantes. As prevalências estimadas de sintomas depressivos moderados e graves foram de 16,2% e 25,2%, respectivamente. Baixo apoio social (p<0,001), baixo desempenho sexual (p=0,002) e elevado nível de estresse percebido (p<0,001) foram fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos moderados. Primeiro trimestre gestacional (p=0,006), baixo apoio social (p<0,001), baixo desempenho sexual (p<0,001) e elevado nível de estresse percebido (p<0,001) foram fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos graves. Conclusão: as prevalências de sintomas depressivos moderados e graves em gestantes assistidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde foram consideráveis. Fatores relativos ao apoio social, ao trimestre gestacional (primeiro trimestre), à sexualidade e ao estresse percebido apresentaram associação a esses sintomas. Nesse cenário, fazem-se necessários o cuidado ampliado às gestantes e a promoção da saúde mental.

Incidência e fatores associados aos sintomas depressivos pós-parto: uma revisão de literatura / Incidence and factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms: a literature review / Incidencia y factores asociados a los síntomas depresivos posparto: una revisión de la literatura

Objetivo: identificar na literatura científica as incidências dos sintomas depressivos pós-parto e os fatores associados. Método: revisão narrativa da literatura descrita conforme a declaração Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A busca bibliográfica foi realizada na BVS, nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE. Foram elegíveis estudos observacionais com delineamento longitudinal, que utilizaram a Escala de depressão pós-parto de Edimburgo, disponíveis em texto completo, publicados nos anos de 2019 e 2020. Resultados: foram incluídos 17 artigos. A incidência de sintomatologia depressiva pós-parto variou de 0,18% a 27,87%. Os principais fatores de risco associados foram histórico de depressão, estresse e relação estressante familiar, baixo suporte social, transtornos psiquiátricos como comorbidade e experiência negativa ou complicações durante parto. Conclusão: a sintomatologia depressiva pós-parto atinge parcela expressiva das puérperas e se mantém como problema de saúde pública. Sugere-se a continuidade dos estudos que se relacionam com a temática no cenário nacional

Objective: to identify in the scientific literature the incidence of postpartum depressive symptoms and associated factors. Method: narrative review of the literature described according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The bibliographic search was carried out in the BVS, in the LILACS and MEDLINE databases. Observational studies with a longitudinal design were eligible, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, available in full text, published in 2019 and 2020. Results: 17 articles were included. The incidence of postpartum depressive symptoms ranged from 0.18% to 27.87%. The main associated risk factors were a history of depression, stress and stressful family relationships, low social support, comorbid psychiatric disorders and negative experiences or complications during childbirth. Conclusion: postpartum depressive symptoms affect a significant proportion of postpartum women and remain a public health problem. It is suggested that studies related to the theme be continued on a national level

Objetivos: identificar en la literatura científica la incidencia de síntomas depresivos posparto y factores asociados. Método: revisión narrativa de la literatura descrita según la declaración Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en la BVS, en las bases de datos LILACS y MEDLINE. Fueron elegibles estudios observacionales con diseño longitudinal, utilizando la Escala de Depresión Postnatal de Edimburgo, disponible en texto completo, publicada en 2019 y 2020. Resultados: se incluyeron 17 artículos. La incidencia de síntomas depresivos posparto varía del 0,18% al 27,87%. Los principales factores de riesgo asociados fueron antecedentes de depresión, estrés y relaciones familiares estresantes, bajo apoyo social, trastornos psiquiátricos comórbidos y experiencias negativas o complicaciones durante el parto. Conclusion: los síntomas depresivos posparto afectan a una proporción significativa de mujeres posparto y siguen siendo un problema de salud pública. Se sugiere continuar con los estudios relacionados con el tema a nivel nacional.

Prevalência e fatores associados à síndrome metabólica em Agentes Comunitários de Saúde / Prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome in Community Health Workers

A síndrome metabólica é um distúrbio metabólico complexo, caraterizada pela associação de fatores de risco cardiovascular e resistência à insulina. Na Atenção Primária à Saúde, algumas condições laborais as quais os profissionais estão expostos podem ser fonte de adoecimento, e a literatura evidencia que aspectos laborais estão associados à síndrome metabólica, ou seja, que o contexto ocupacional é capaz de ser um fator de exposição para o desenvolvimento deste problema. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de síndrome metabólica e os fatores associados em Agentes Comunitários de Saúde de uma cidade do Norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Estudo transversal, no qual coletaram dados sociodemográficos, estilo de vida, laborais, antropométricos, bioquímicos e aspectos emocionais. A variável dependente síndrome metabólica foi definida conforme o critério do National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Realizaram-se análises descritivas e de regressão múltipla de Poisson, com variância robusta, considerando um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05) para o modelo final. Foram avaliados 673 Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, a prevalência de síndrome metabólica foi de 20,8% e associou-se à faixa etária ≥40 anos, menor escolaridade (Fundamental e/ou Médio), sobrepeso/obesidade, lipoproteína de baixa densidade ≥130 mg/dl e proteína C-reativa >5,0 mg/dl. Constatou-se uma elevada prevalência de síndrome metabólica em Agentes Comunitários de Saúde. Verifica-se a necessidade de estudos para o aprofundamento sobre a temática e o desenvolvimento de ações que visem a promoção de hábitos comportamentais saudáveis, bem como a prevenção de fatores de riscos.

Metabolic syndrome is a complex metabolic disorder, characterized by the association of cardiovascular risk factors and insulin resistance. In Primary Health Care, some work conditions to which professionals are exposed can be a source of illness and the literature shows that work aspects are associated with metabolic syndrome, that is, that the occupational context is capable of being an exposure factor for the development of this problem. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors among community health workers in a city in the North of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cross-sectional study, in which sociodemographic, lifestyle, work, anthropometric, biochemical, and emotional aspects of data were collected. The dependent variable metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Descriptive and multiple Poisson regression analyzes were carried out with robust variance, considering a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) for the final model. 673 community health workers were evaluated, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 20.8% and was associated with the age group ≥40 years, lower education (elementary and/or secondary), overweight/obesity, low-density lipoprotein ≥130 mg/dl and C-reactive protein >5.0 mg/dl. A high prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found in community health workers. There is a need for studies to delve deeper into the topic and develop actions aimed at promoting healthy behavioral habits, as well as preventing risk factors.