To what extent does prior antimicrobial therapy affect the diagnostic performance of radiolabeled leukocyte scintigraphy in infective endocarditis?

AIMS: This prospective, single-center study sought to assess to what extent there is interference between the hybrid technique of single-photon emission tomography-computed tomography with technetium99m-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime-labeled leukocytes (99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT/CT) and antimicrobial therapy in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). METHODS AND RESULTS: During the years 2015-2019, we enrolled 205 consecutive adults with suspected IE, all underwent 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT/CT. The study population was divided into those who had received antimicrobial therapy up to 30 days prior to 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT/CT (group 1, n = 96) and those who had not (group 2, n = 109). Patients were prospectively observed for 12 ± 10 months. Group 1 presented higher positive predictive values (91.89% vs. 60.00%, = 0.001), and decreased negative predictive values (77.97% vs. 90.54%, P = 0.04). Patients treated with antimicrobial therapy displayed false-negative 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT/CT results more often [odds ratio (OR), 4.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.41-15.23, P = .01], particularly when intravenous (OR 5.37; 95% CI 1.73-16.62, P = .004), definite (OR 9.43; 95% CI 2.65-33.51, P = .001), and combination antibiotic regimens (OR 8.1; 95% CI 2.57-25.64, P = .001) had been administered. CONCLUSION: Prior antibiotic therapy affects 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT/CT diagnostic properties. Patients treated with antimicrobial therapy display false-negative 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT/CT results more often, especially if intravenous, definite, or combination regimens are administered.

Changes in heart morphometric parameters over the course of a monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension rat model.

BACKGROUND: Aim of this study was to assess changes in cardiac morphometric parameters at different stages of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) using a monocrotaline-induced rat model. METHODS: Four groups were distinguished: I-control, non-PAH (n = 18); II-early PAH (n = 12); III-end-stage PAH (n = 23); and IV-end-stage PAH with myocarditis (n = 7). RESULTS: Performed over the course of PAH in vivo echocardiography showed significant thickening of the right ventricle free wall (end-diastolic dimension), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion reduction and decrease in pulmonary artery acceleration time normalized to cycle length. No differences in end-diastolic left ventricle free wall thickness measured in echocardiography was observed between groups. Significant increase of right ventricle and decrease of left ventricle systolic pressure was observed over the development of PAH. Thickening and weight increase (241.2% increase) of the right ventricle free wall and significant dilatation of the right ventricle was observed over the course of PAH (p < 0.001). Reduction in the left ventricle free wall thickness was also observed in end-stage PAH (p < 0.001). Significant trend in the left ventricle free wall weight decrease was observed over the course of PAH (p < 0.001, 24.3% reduction). Calculated right/left ventricle free wall weight ratio gradually increased over PAH stages (p < 0.001). The reduction of left ventricle diameter was observed in rats with end-stage PAH both with and without myocarditis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PAH leads to multidimensional changes in morphometric cardiac parameters. Right ventricle morphological and functional failure develop gradually from early stage of PAH, while left ventricle changes develop at the end stages of PAH.

PERSONALITY TRAITS OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM PFO AND ASD AND INFLUENCE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC TIME FOR PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The work presents a research project carried out in John Paul II Hospital in Cracow in Clinical Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases with the Intensive Cardiac Supervision Subdivision, with participation of 100 (50 F, 50 M) patients with congenital heart defects. The purpose of the work is to resolve the issue of personality specifics, and thus the different characteristics of people who suffer from congenital heart defects. Therefore, the following questions should be answered: Is there a relationship between personality traits and the occurrence of a congenital heart defect? What personality traits are characteristic for patients with congenital heart defects? The aim: We aimed to assess personality traits of clients suffering from PFO and ASD. The article also talks about how coronavirus pandemic affects patients with congenital heart disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research was conducted by psychologist Adrianna Skoczek. We performed a psychological clinical assessment and conducted the psychological tests like Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Version [EPQ-R(S)] and Eysenck's Impulsivity Inventory [IVE] by Hans J. Eysenck and Sybil G. Eysenck, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI] by C. D. Spielberger, R. L. Gorsuch, R. E. Lushene describing personality traits of patients. Patients (F=50, M=50), with ASD (n=70) and with PFO (n=30). RESULTS: Results: In people suffering from ASD, the level of declared empathy was statistically significantly higher than the levels of impulsiveness and tendency to risk-taking. In people suffering from PFO, a statistically significant difference was observed only between the level of psychoticism and other variables. The level of declared empathy was statistically significantly higher than the levels of impulsiveness and tendency to risk-taking, a statistically significant difference was found between the analyzed variables - anxiety as a trait and anxiety as a condition. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The results of the study allowed us to isolate the specific personality traits of patients suffering from congenital heart defects.

Highly-calcific carotid lesions endovascular management in symptomatic and increased-stroke-risk asymptomatic patients using the CGuard™ dual-layer carotid stent system: Analysis from the PARADIGM study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess feasibility, safety, angiographic, and clinical outcome of highly-calcific carotid stenosis (HCCS) endovascular management using CGuard™ dual-layer carotid stents. BACKGROUND: HCCS has been a challenge to carotid artery stenting (CAS) using conventional stents. CGuard combines a high-radial-force open-cell frame conformability with MicroNet sealing properties. METHODS: The PARADIGM study is prospectively assessing routine CGuard use in all-comer carotid revascularization patients; the focus of the present analysis is HCCS versus non-HCCS lesions. Angiographic HCCS (core laboratory evaluation) required calcific segment length to lesion length ≥2/3, minimal calcification thickness ≥3 mm, circularity (≥3 quadrants), and calcification severity grade ≥3 (carotid calcification severity scoring system [CCSS]; G0-G4). RESULTS: One hundred and one consecutive patients (51-86 years, 54.4% symptomatic; 106 lesions) received CAS (16 HCCS and 90 non-HCCS); eight others (two HCCS) were treated surgically. CCSS evaluation was reproducible, with weighted kappa (95% CI) of 0.73 (0.58-0.88) and 0.83 (0.71-0.94) for inter- and intra-observer reproducibility respectively. HCCS postdilatation pressures were higher than those in non-HCCS; 22 (20-24) versus 20 (18-24) atm, p = .028; median (Q1-Q3). Angiography-optimized HCCS-CAS was feasible and free of contrast extravasation or clinical complications. Overall residual diameter stenosis was single-digit but it was higher in HCCS; 9 (4-17) versus 3 (1-7) %, p = .002. At 30 days and 12 months HCCS in-stent velocities were normal and there were no adverse clinical events. CONCLUSION: CGuard HCCS endovascular management was feasible and safe. A novel algorithm to grade carotid artery calcification severity was reproducible and applicable in clinical study setting. Larger HCCS series and longer-term follow-up are warranted.

Triglyceride-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients are characterized by elevated triglyceride (TG)-to-HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, which has been proposed to be an important prognostic factor in this population. The mechanism of this phenomenon remains unknown. We therefore investigated the potential determinants of increased TG/HDL-C ratio in IPAH patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We prospectively recruited consecutive clinically stable IPAH patients between January 2016 and February 2017. Patients with diabetes or using statins were excluded. Anthropometric measurements included body mass index (BMI) and skinfold thickness; body fat mass was calculated using age and sex-specific equations. We assessed lipid profile, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum adipokine levels (adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and visfatin), and circulating cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α). RESULTS We assessed 47 IPAH patients: 9 of them had been diagnosed with diabetes and 10 were treated with statins; therefore, were excluded them from further analysis. Age, sex distribution, and BMI were similar irrespectively of TG/HDL-C ratio. Patients with increased TG/HDL-C ratio (>3) as compared to patients with TG/HDL-C ≤3 were characterized by higher levels of IL-1ß, MCP-1, and IL-6. TG level was correlated with IL-1ß (R=0.76, p<0.001), IL-6 (R=0.52, p=0.005), TNF-α (R=0.62, p<0.001), and MCP-1 (R=0.63, p<0.001). IL-1ß was also inversely correlated with HDL-C (R=-0.44, p=0.02). We found no differences in concentration of fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, body fat content, or adipokine levels between patients with higher and lower TG/HDL-C ratios. CONCLUSIONS In IPAH patients, elevated TG/HDL-C ratio is a marker of systemic inflammation.

[Przezskórne zamkniecie ubytku w przegrodzie miedzyprzedsionkowej: wplyw na prawy przedsionek, dyspersje zalamka P i zaburzenia rytmu serca w obserwacji srednioterminowej]. / Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect: impact on right atrium, P-wave dispersion and arrhythmias in mid-term follow-up.

The size of the right atrium (RA) reduces after transcatheter closure of the atrial septal defect (ASD). Inverse structural and electrical remodeling is observed. AIM: The aim of study was to analyze the parameters predisposing to the lack of normalization of enlarged RA after transcatheter closure of ASD during 6-month follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study included 56 consecutive adult patients (12 men) aged from 23 to 76 years (49.8±13.3 years) with ASD, in whom transcatheter ASD closure was performed. Each patient was assessed before and 6 months after the treatment using standard 12-lead resting electrocardiogram (ECG), 24-hour Holter monitoring and echocardiography. RESULTS: Before the procedure in 37 patients with ASD enlarged RA was observed, while after transcatheter ASD closure in 24 patients normalization of enlarged RA was noted. Patients in whom 6 months after the procedure there was no normalization of the enlarged RA were older, characterized by higher right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio (Qp/Qs), larger size of the occluder, interatrial septal defect, longer fluoroscopy time and lower left ventricular ejection fraction. P-wave dispersion (Pdysp) was found to be a destimulant i.e. increased Pdysp (>67 ms, P<0.000) decreased the chance of RA normalization after procedure. On the other hand, minimum P-wave duration (Pmin) was a stimulant, therefore, increased Pmin (>72ms, P<0.000) increased the chance of RA normalization. A significant association was found between the reduction of supraventricular extrasystolic beats and RA area normalization (P<0.001), and there was no association between the incidence of atrial fibrillation episodes and RA area normalization. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of the duration of the P-wave and its dispersion may help to assess the prognosis of the right atrium size normalization in the mid-term follow-up after transcatheter closure of ASD. There is a significant relationship between normalization of the right atrium size and reduction of supraventricular extrasystolic beats.

Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure in a patient with atrial fibrillation and osler-weber-rendu disease

We present a case report of a 79-year-old woman with permanent atrial fibrillation and Osler-Weber-Rendu disease who underwent percutaneous closure of left atrial appendage. The patient had a history of small bowel resection due to mesenteric embolism and recurrent episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis and hemarthrosis. Bleeding episodes were exacerbated by anticoagulation therapy causing severe anemia that required repeated red blood cells transfusions. Left atrial appendage occlusion with Watchman 30 mm LAA Device was successfully performed. In long-term observation no thromboembolic event, epistaxis or severe bleeding have occurred.

[Elimination of the left atrial appendage in the prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation].

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the adult population. Thromboembolic events are one of the reson of increased mortality in this group of patients. Oral anticoagulation therapy significantly reduces the risk of complications, however every tenth patient has contraindications to this treatment. Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is effective, non-pharmacological method of treatment through elimination the source of thromi. This procedure is dedicated to patients with high risk of thromboembolism events and contraindications to anticoagulation.

Personality traits of patients suffering from congenital heart defects.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Personality traits of patients suffering from congenital heart defects The work presents a research project carried out in John Paul II Hospital, The Clinical Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases with the Intensive Cardiac Surgeon Division Institute of Cardiology, Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, with participation of patients with congenital heart defects. We aimed to assess personality traits of clients suffering from congenital heart defects, in a group of women and men, younger, under 40 years old and older than 40 years old, with PFO and ASD before and after surgery. The aim: identify specific personality traits of patients with congenital heart defects and to check the psychological functioning of patients by examining: the level of anxiety, impulsiveness, tendency to risk-taking, empathy, neuroticism, extraversion, psychoticism and lying. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Material and methods: We performed a psychological clinical assessment and conducted the psychological tests like EPQ-R(S) by Hans J. Eysenck and Sybil G. Eysenck, IVE by Hans J. Eysenck and Sybil G. Eystenck, STAI by C. D. Spielberger, R. L. Gorsuch, R. E. Lushene describing personality traits of patients. RESULTS: Results: Patients (F=29, M=21), adult, with ASD and with PFO, with the level of education: basic, vocational, secondary, incomplete higher, higher; inhabiting: village, city up to 40 thousand residents, a city with a population of 41-61 thousand, and a city with a population of 60 thousand; civil status: single, married, divorced, widow/widower, separated; being: students, unemployed persons, working persons, pensioners, retirees. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The presented results and their statistical analyses showed specific personality traits of patients with congenital heart defects.

The relationship between myocardial fibrosis and myocardial microRNAs in dilated cardiomyopathy: A link between mir-133a and cardiovascular events.

It is unknown whether fibrosis-associated microRNAs: miR-21, miR-26, miR-29, miR-30 and miR-133a are linked to cardiovascular (CV) outcome. The study evaluated the levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) fibrosis and the prevalence of particular microRNAs in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) to investigate any correlation with CV events. METHODS: Seventy DCM patients (48 ± 12 years, EF 24.4 ± 7.4%) underwent right ventricular biopsy. The control group was comprised of 7 patients with CAD who underwent CABG and intraoperative biopsy. MicroRNAs were measured in blood and myocardial tissue via qPCR. The end-point was a combination of CV death and urgent HF hospitalization at the end of 12 months. There were differential levels of circulating and myocardial miR-26 and miR-29 as well as myocardial miR-133a when the DCM and CABG groups were compared. Corresponding circulating and myocardial microRNAs did not correlate with one another. There was no correlation between microRNA and ECM fibrosis. By the end of the 12-month period of the study, CV death had occurred in 6 patients, and a further 19 patients required urgent HF hospitalization. None of the circulating microRNAs was a predictor of the combined end-point; however, myocardial miR-133a was an independent predictor in unadjusted models (HR 1.53; 95% CI 1.14-2.05; P < .004) and adjusted models (HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.14-2.17; P < .005). The best cut-off value for the miR-133a level for the prediction of the combined end-point was 0.74 ΔCq, with an AUC of 0.67. The absence of a correlation between the corresponding circulating and myocardial microRNAs calls into question their cellular source. This study sheds new light on the role of microRNAs in ECM fibrosis in DCM, which warrants further exploration.

Ischemic Versus Non-Ischemic (Neurogenic) Myocardial Contractility Impairment in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Prevalence and Impact on Left Ventricular Systolic Function Recovery.

BACKGROUND Neurogenic mechanism is believed to contribute to left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in acute coronary syndromes (ACS); its extreme form is known as takotsubo cardiomyopathy. However, the magnitude of neurogenic contribution to LV dysfunction in all-comer first-time ACS remains unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 120 consecutive patients with first-time ACS (age 66.3±12.3years, 40 women) coronary angiograms were individually matched to the echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) segments (17-segment model). Baseline contractility impairment was classified as ischemic (I): confined to the stenotic artery(ies) supply area(s), neurogenic (N): in absence of attributable coronary stenosis, or partially ischemic/partially neurogenic (I&N). Echocardiography was repeated at 6 months to determine LV systolic function recovery. RESULTS Neurogenic component (NC) contribution to myocardial contractility impairment was present in 24.2% of ACS patients, with pure N in 6.7% and I&N in 17.5%. Diabetes/pre-diabetes was present in 38.5% vs. 33.5% vs. 0% (I vs. I&N vs. N; p=0.02). Major stressor preceding symptom onset was reported in 3.3% in I, 9.5% in I&N, and 25.0% in N (p=0.03). The number of LV segments with contractility impairment was 2±4 in I, 17±11 in I&N, and 3±16 in N (p<0.05). NC presence was independently associated with better recovery of global LV systolic function (OR 2.99, 95% CI: 1.16-7.76; p=0.024). CONCLUSIONS Novel findings from this study are: (1) NC may contribute to myocardial contractility impairment in 1 in every 4 first-time ACS patients, (2) NC contribution to contractility impairment in ACS is blunted in diabetes or pre-diabetes, and (3) LV systolic function recovery is better in patients with NC.

Long-Term Effects of Percutaneous Fenestration Following the Fontan Procedure in Adult Patients with Congenital Univentricular Heart.

BACKGROUND The Fontan procedure, performed for univentricular heart, may also include the technique of percutaneous fenestration to create a small atrial septal defect (ASD) and a right-to-left shunt. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of fenestration in adult patients who had a Fontan procedure for univentricular heart. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fontan surgery was performed in 39 patients, including 19 (49%) patients with fenestration (Group I), and 20 (51%) patients without the fenestration procedure (Group II). Laboratory tests in both groups included echocardiography, plethysmography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and 24-hour Holter monitoring. RESULTS Compared with patients in Group I, patients in Group II had a significantly increased level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (p=0.04), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p=0.01) and a significant increase in frequency of atrial fibrillation (p=0.04). Patients in Group I had a significantly increased systemic ventricular ejection fraction (SVEF) (p=0.05) and increased heart rate (HR) (p=0.006), heart rate reserve (HRR) (p=0.02), ventilatory equivalent (VE) (p=0.01), and VO2 peak (p=0.05) on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Renal, hematologic, and ventilatory parameters, and incidence of thromboembolism showed no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Long-term follow-up of patients who underwent Fontan procedures with percutaneous fenestration had improved single ventricular function, lower NT-proBNP levels, improved exercise capacity, and reduced ALP levels. These findings indicate that percutaneous fenestration closure should be considered for adult patients who have undergone Fontan procedure for univentricular heart.

Long-term follow-up in adults after tetralogy of Fallot repair.

BACKGROUND: Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease and the population of ToF repair survivors is growing rapidly. Adults with repaired ToF develop late complications. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze long-term follow-up of patients with repaired ToF. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study. Consecutive 83 patients with repaired ToF who did not undergo pulmonary valve replacement were included. Mean age of all patients was 30.5 ± 10.7. There were 49 (59%) male. Patients were divided into two groups according to the time since the repair (< 25 years and ≥ 25 years). The electrocardiographic (ECG), cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) data were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: In CPET values were not significantly different in the two groups. In CMR volumes of left and right ventricles were not significantly different in the two groups. There were no differences between the groups in ventricular ejection fraction, mass of ventricles, or pulmonary regurgitation fraction. Among all the patients, ejection fraction and left and right ventricle mass, indexed pulmonary regurgitation volume measured by CMR did not correlate with the time since repair. In ECG among all the patients, ejection fraction of the RV, measured in CMR, negatively correlated with QRS duration (r = - 0.43; p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between QRS duration and end diastolic volume of the RV (r = 0.30; p < 0.02), indexed end diastolic volume of the RV (r = 0.29; p = 0.04), RV mass (r = 0.36; p < 0.001) and left ventricle mass (r = 0.26; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Long-term survival and clinical condition after surgical correction of ToF in infancy is generally good and the late functional status in ToF - operated patients could be excellent up to 25 years after the repair. QRS duration could be an utility and easy factor to assessment of right ventricular function. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee. Each participant provided informed consent to participate in the study (license number 122.6120.88.2016 from 28.04.2016).

Right Ventricular Epicardial Vascularisation in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) leads to a haemodynamic overload and ischaemia of the right ventricle (RV), which are important triggers of an arterial growth. Thus, we aimed to assess whether patients with PAH have altered epicardial vasculature of the RV, and how it corresponds to RV haemodynamic stress. METHODS: We enrolled consecutive patients with PAH diagnosed in a single pulmonary hypertension centre, who underwent coronary angiography. The control group consisted of patients with normal coronary arteries. Artery branches from segments I-III of the right coronary artery (RCAB) and branches of the left coronary artery (LCAB) were assessed. The sum of the diameters of RCABs (RCAB_sum) was used as a marker of RV epicardial vascularisation. Linear regression models were used to investigate associations between the RCAB_sum and markers of RV dysfunction. RESULTS: We recruited 37 PAH patients (idiopathic, n=25; associated with connective tissue disease, n=12) and 37 control subjects of similar age (56±18 vs. 56±13 years, p=0.99) and sex (73% vs. 73% of women, p=0.99). Pulmonary arterial hypertension patients as compared with control subjects had more RCABs (7 [6-8] vs. 6 [5-7], p<0.001) and increased RCAB_sum (9.4 [8.2-10.5] vs. 7.3 [6.6-7.40] mm; p<0.001) although comparable LCAB count (4 [4-5] vs. 4 [4-5]; p=0.50). In a stepwise multivariable linear regression model, RA area (ß=0.152 [0.062-0.242]; p=0.002) and diastolic wall stress (ß=0.025 [0.005-0.045]; p=0.02) were significant predictors of RCAB_sum (model R2=0.65; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Right ventricular epicardial vasculature is more extensive in PAH patients as compared with control subjects, and it is in linear relation to potential markers of RV diastolic dysfunction.

Knowledge of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in population of Malopolska voivodeship in two independent cross-sectional studies

INTRODUCTION: Low level of knowledge of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is related to higher risk of death and health educational programs are of particular importance in CVD prevention. Monitoring the level of knowledge of CVD risk factors is necessary to verify the effectiveness of education and to facilitate the right choice of education methods. AIM: to compare the assessment of knowledge of CVD risk factors in the population of Malopolska Voivodeship from the two independent cross-sectional studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data of 973 respondents of M-CAPRI Study and 333 respondents of WOBASZ II Study, at age 20-69, were included to analysis. M-CAPRI study was carried out in 2014 and WOBASZ II - in the years 2013-2014. Knowledge of CVD risk factors was assessed by the same standard questionnaire in both studies. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the differences in knowledge of CVD risk factors between participants of M-CAPRI and WOBASZ II studies. RESULTS: There were 80% of women and 71% of men, respondents of M-CAPRI Study who recognized theterm ,,risk factor" compared to 73% and 78% respectively in respondents of WOBASZ II Study. However, after adjustment for age and education the difference was statistically significant only in men. Respondents of M-CAPRI Study had knowledge of hypertension, high level of blood cholesterol, alcohol and unhealthy diet less frequently compared to respondents of WOBASZ II Study. Men from M-CAPRI Study had knowledge of diabetes and smoking less frequently but knowledge of low physical activity more frequently compared to men from WOBASZ II Study. CONCLUSIONS: The use of standard questionnaire in two independent cross-sectional studies appeared to be not sufficient to obtain reliable information on knowledge of CVD risk factors in Malopolska Voivodeship. In the studies that differed in the method of recruitment, participation and the technique of interview, the differences in the assessment of knowledge were substantial and it is impossible to assess which assessment was closer to the reality. However, the results of both M-CAPRI and WOBASZ II studies indicate that knowledge of CVD risk factors in Malopolska Voivodship is poor and there is a strong need to intensify health education.

[Type and frequency of cardiac symptoms in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis]. / Rodzaj i czestosc wystepowania objawów kardiologicznych u chorych na sarkoidoze pluc.

AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the type and frequency of prevalence of cardiac symptoms in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 54 patients (21 female, 33 male), with biopsy-proven pulmonary sarcoidosis. Mean age was 45.85 +/-11.77 years. According to time passed from diagnosis of sarcoidosis patients were divided into 2 subgroups. Additionally, age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, cigarette smoking and comorbidities were analyzed. Course and stage of sarcoidosis were also included in the analysis. RESULTS: The frequency of cardiovascular symptoms in the study group was 87.04%. 59.26% of patients reported chest pain, the same subjects reported dyspnoea. 48.15% of respondents reported heart palpitations, 33.33% pre-syncope states, 12.96% syncope, and 37.04% edema of lower limbs. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of analyzed symptoms, depending on the duration of lung sarcoidosis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis who report cardiovascular symptoms require further diagnostics.

[Cardiovascular risk factors in patients after coarctation of aorta repair]. / Czynniki ryzyka chorób sercowo-naczyniowych u chorych po leczeniu interwencyjnym koarktacji aorty.

The coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a congenital condition of the thoracic aorta. AIM: The aim of the study was assessment of atherosclerosis risk factors in adult patients after surgical treatment of aortic coarctation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 58 patients (36 male, 22 female) at median age of 27.46 ±10.57 were compared with 30 healthy, age and sex matched volunteers. The arterial blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting glucose, inflammation markers and the lifestyle factors were analyzed. RESULTS: CoA patients have higher systolic blood pressure 136.55±16.27 vs 123.47±10.34 mmHg, p<0.001, fasting glucose 4.95±0.5 vs 4.65±0.46 mmol/l p=0.002, hsCRP 1.03±0.12 vs 0.89±0.14 mg/l p=0.025 and fibrinogen 2.55±0.34 vs 1.98±0.28 g/l p<0.001. Hyperlipidemia is more common 44.8% vs 23.3% p=0.048, treated with statin. When comparing hypertensive patients (N=28) with normotensive ones (N=30), the patients with arterial hypertension are older 33.5±12.23 vs 25.73±7.12 p=0.004, have higher body weight 78.03±14.58 vs 68.7±14.29 p=0.017, in this group more common are: hypoplastic aortic arch 28.6% vs 6.7% p=0.027, recoarctation 39.3% vs 13.3% p=0.024, cardiovascular disease 14.3% vs 0% p=0.032 and family history 21.4% vs 3.3% p=0.034. CONCLUSIONS: The coarctation of aorta is related to higher cardiovascular risk due to arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, higher glucose and inflammation markers levels when comparing with healthy population.

[Personality traits of perpetrators of various types of crimes].

This study was conducted in Nowy Wisnicz, with prisoners sentenced for: murders, sex crimes, theft and robbery, maintenance, bullying. A Polish adaptation of PAI test, made by the author of the study, was used. The study results and its statistical analysis showed characteristic personality features of particular criminal groups can be used in rehabilitation of disturbed people, addicts, and become the basis for preparing actions reducing frequency of committing crimes.

12-month patterns of serum markers of collagen synthesis, transforming growth factor and connective tissue growth factor are similar in new-onset and chronic dilated cardiomyopathy in patients both with and without cardiac fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: The dynamics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) fibrosis process in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) may be assessed non-invasively by means of serum markers of fibrosis. AIM: To explore the kinetics of serum markers of fibrosis during a 12-month follow-up in DCM. METHODS: We included 70 consecutive DCM patients (pts) (48±12.1years, EF 24.4±7.4%) with new-onset (n=35, duration <6months) and chronic DCM (n=35, >6months). Markers of collagen type I and III synthesis - procollagens type I and III carboxy- and amino-terminal peptides (PICP, PINP, PIIICP, PIIINP), and ECM metabolism controlling factors - tumor growth factor beta-1 (TGF1-ß), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) - were measured in serum at baseline, and at 3- and 12-month follow-up. All pts underwent endomyocardial biopsy to determine the presence and extent of ECM fibrosis. RESULTS: Markers of collagen type I synthesis (PICP and PINP) were almost homogenously increased over the 3- and 12-month period, whereas PIIINP values decreased and PIIICP levels were unchanged in new-onset and chronic DCM, and in pts with and without ECM fibrosis. Both TGF-ß and CTGF levels decreased over the observation period. Kinetics of serum markers of collagen synthesis and fibrosis controlling factors did not differ between DCM pts categorized according to disease duration and fibrosis status. CONCLUSIONS: The kinetics of collagen type I and III synthesis in DCM move in opposite directions, with production of collagen type I consistently increasing, and the synthesis of collagen type III decreasing. Levels of TGF and CTGF, which are proven fibrosis-stimulating factors, had a tendency to decrease. Regardless of disease duration or fibrosis status, the kinetics of serum markers of collagen synthesis, TGF and CTGF were similar in DCM. A better understanding of the kinetics of serum markers of fibrosis in DCM may help to develop more tailored therapeutic approaches to fibrosis.

Left ventricular reverse remodeling is not related to biopsy-detected extracellular matrix fibrosis and serum markers of fibrosis in dilated cardiomyopathy, regardless of the definition used for LVRR.

Left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) is reported in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients (pts). However, numerous definitions of LVRR exist. Measurements of serum markers of fibrosis provide insight into myocardial fibrosis. The relationship between LVRR and fibrosis is poorly understood. From July 2014 until October 2015, we included 63 consecutive DCM pts (48 ± 12.1 years, EF 24.4 ± 7.4%) with completed baseline and 3-month follow-up echocardiograms. LVRR was assessed on the basis of four differing definitions. Procollagens type I and III carboxy- and amino-terminal peptides (PICP, PINP, PIIICP, and PIIINP), collagen 1, ostepontin, tumor growth factor beta-1, connective tissue growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), and their tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1) were measured in serum. In addition, all pts underwent right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. Depending on the definition chosen, LVRR could be diagnosed in between 14.3 and 50.8% pts. Regardless of the LVRR definition used, the frequency of LVRR was similar in fibrosis negative and positive DCM. Minor differences of markers of fibrosis were detected between pts with and without LVRR. For every LVRR definition, adjusted and unadjusted models were constructed to evaluate the predictive value of serum fibrosis parameters. Only an increase of TIMP-1 by 1 ng/ml was found to independently increase the probability of LVRR by 0.016%. The choice of a particular definition of LVRR determines the final diagnosis, and this has a profound impact on subsequent management. LVRR is unrelated to biopsy-detected ECM fibrosis. Serum markers of fibrosis are only weakly related to LVRR, and are not of use in the prediction of LVRR.