[ASSESSMENT OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS IMMUNIZATION IN DIFFERENT GROUPS OF POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION].

AIM: The study the attitude of population towards the necessity of vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The survey about the attitude towards vaccination among different groups of population was held. In total there were 1209 respondents: 1031 students of medical, humanitarian and tech- nical universities and 178 parents of children under 2. RESULTS: The most positive attitude towards vaccination was shown by medical students (77%) and parents (71%) and only 33% and, 37% of humanitarian and technical students correspondently realize the significance of vaccination. It is worth noting that large number of people could not define their attitude to vaccination. The ma- jority of respondents notices the lack of knowledge about vaccination wherein less than 50% of respondents get the information from doctors. The rest gets it from different sources mostly from the Internet. About 80% of respondents would prefer to get answers to their questions about vaccination in the Internet. CONCLUSION: The adherence of population of Russia to vaccination has a rather low level. The main reason for it is the lack of knowledge and availability oftrue information about vaccination. It is necessary to use diverse sources of information to provide the population with true facts about vaccination, its significance and safety via mass media and the Internet as well.

[UNIVERSALITY OF CHANGES IN EPIDEMIC PROCESS MANIFESTATIONS OF ANTHROPONOSIS INFECTIONS IN RECENT DECADES].

AIM: Detection of main regularities of anthroponosis infections with various degrees of manageability and factors that determine them in contemporary social-demographic conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative retrospective epidemiologic analysis of morbidity of the population with viral hepatitis A, Sonnei and Flexneri shigellae, rotavirus infection, pertussis, diphtheria, varicella, rubella, pneumococcal infection and possible risk factors by 47 European countries and territories of Russian Federation was carried out, the maximum depth of search was 89 years. RESULTS: Common epidemiologic regularities were shown to be characteristic for anthroponosis infection regardless of the degree of their manageability, that are manifested by the presence of large and small cycles in the multi-year dynamics of morbidity changes of age-related morbidity structure and its pronounced territorial non-uniformity. Intensity of epidemic process of anthroponosis infections and features of its manifestation were established to be determined largely by demographic conditions, size of the child population, including those attending child preschool establishments, number of child preschool establishments and the degree of their admission. A decrease of morbidity with many child infections took place against the background of reduction of the child population in the age structure. CONCLUSION: Universality of changes in the manifestations of epidemiologic process of anthroponosis infections is largely determined by features of the demographic situation.

[Clinical epidemiology: theory and practice].

The paper gives the definition, goal, and objectives of clinical epidemiology. The latter is shown to be an epidemiology section that makes it possible to elaborate evidence-based standards for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and to select a respective algorithm of actions for each specific clinical case. Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for obtaining evidence. Scales are proposed to evaluate the efficacy of preventive and therapeutic agents: the levels of evidence for their efficacy and the level of strength of its evidence. The authors propose to set up clinical epidemiology centers, one of whose goals should be to introduce a unified system to evaluate the efficacy of preventive and therapeutic agents, by using the principles of evidence-based medicine and the methods of clinical epidemiology.

[Demographic structure and dynamics of morbidity due to anthroponosis infections].

A fall in the incidence of both preventable and non-preventable or partly preventable infections with different modes of transmission has recently been documented in Russia and worldwide; it parallels marked changes in the demographic structure of the population. Simulation based on parasite-host mathematical models confirmed that demographic structure is a key factor responsible for the incidence of anthroponosis infections producing long-standing or lifelong immunity. It was shown that differences in the frequency of these diseases between countries may be due to different age structure of their populations. The lowered incidence of preventable and non-preventable infections in Russia appears to be associated with changes in the country's demographics. We have developed prognosis of further dynamics of anthroponosis diseases that predicts reversal of the mean morbidity rate toward that recorded in the 1980s and the shift of its higher values to senior age-groups.