Assuntos
Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Doadores de Sangue , Doenças Endêmicas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Técnica Direta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Orthohantavírus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Hantavirus/sangue , Infecções por Hantavirus/virologia , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Militares , Testes de Neutralização , Prevalência , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Suíça/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Physicians and philosophers have contributed to the field of medical ethics several different paradigms for the physician-patient relationship. Here I suggest another: marriage. Patients usually enter into relationships as we enter marriage: we allow our high hopes to obscure the possibility of deep disappointment. The argument of the essay encourages renewed focus on the contractual element of physician-patient relationships.
Assuntos
Contratos , Ética Médica , Casamento , Relações Médico-Paciente , Humanos , Imperícia/legislação & jurisprudência , Filosofia MédicaRESUMO
Non-random gamete fusion is one of several potential cryptic female choice mechanisms that have been postulated and that may enhance the survival probability of the offspring. Previous studies have found that gamete fusion in mice is influenced by genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. Here we test (i) whether there is MHC-dependent gamete fusion in whitefish (Coregonus sp.) and (ii) whether there is a link between the MHC and embryo susceptibility to an infection by the bacterium Pseudomonas fuorescens. We experimentally bred whitefish and reared sibships in several batches that either experienced or did not experience strong selection by P. fluorescens. We then determined the MHC class II B1 genotype of 1016 surviving larvae of several full sibships. We found no evidence for MHC-linked gamete fusion. However, in one of seven sibships we found a strong connection between the MHC class II genotype and embryo susceptibility to P. fluorescens. This connection was still significant after correcting for multiple testing. Hence, the MHC class II genotype can considerably influence embryo survival in whitefish, but gamete fusion seems to be random with respect to the MHC.