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Nanoemulsions are gaining interest in a variety of products as a means of integrating easily degradable bioactive compounds, preserving them from oxidation, and increasing their bioavailability. However, preparing stable emulsion compositions with the desired characteristics is a difficult task. The aim of this study was to encapsulate the Tinospora cordifolia aqueous extract (TCAE) into a water in oil (W/O) nanoemulsion and identify its critical process and formulation variables, like oil (27-29.4 mL), the surfactant concentration (0.6-3 mL), and sonication amplitude (40% to 100%), using response surface methodology (RSM). The responses of this formulation were studied with an analysis of the particle size (PS), free fatty acids (FFAs), and encapsulation efficiency (EE). In between, we have studied a fishbone diagram that was used to measure risk and preliminary research. The optimized condition for the formation of a stable nanoemulsion using quality by design was surfactant (2.43 mL), oil concentration (27.61 mL), and sonication amplitude (88.6%), providing a PS of 171.62 nm, FFA content of 0.86 meq/kg oil and viscosity of 0.597 Pa.s for the blank sample compared to the enriched TCAE nanoemulsion with a PS of 243.60 nm, FFA content of 0.27 meq/kg oil and viscosity of 0.22 Pa.s. The EE increases with increasing concentrations of TCAE, from 56.88% to 85.45%. The RSM response demonstrated that both composition variables had a considerable impact on the properties of the W/O nanoemulsion. Furthermore, after the storage time, the enriched TCAE nanoemulsion showed better stability over the blank nanoemulsion, specially the FFAs, and the blank increased from 0.142 to 1.22 meq/kg oil, while TCAE showed 0.266 to 0.82 meq/kg.
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Emulsões , Tamanho da Partícula , Extratos Vegetais , Tinospora , Água , Emulsões/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Tinospora/química , Água/química , Sonicação , Nanopartículas/química , Óleos/química , Tensoativos/químicaRESUMO
The aim of this paper was to determine the effect of stabilized curcumin nanoemulsions (CUNE) as a food additive capable of directionally acting to inhibit molecules involved in dairy products' quality and digestibility, especially cheese. The objects were cheeses made from the milk of higher grades with addition of a CUNE and a control sample. The cheeses were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in terms of organoleptic properties, such as appearance, taste, and aroma. The results show that the addition of CUNEs improved the organoleptic properties compared to the control cheese by 150% and improved its shelf life. The SEM study shows that formulation with CUNE promotes the uniform distribution of porosity. The CUNE-based cheese shows a better sensory evaluation compared to the emulsion without curcumin. CUNE-processed cheese provided better antioxidant and antimicrobial analysis than the control sample and offers added value to the dairy sector.
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Queijo , Curcumina , Animais , Leite/química , Queijo/análise , Curcumina/farmacologia , Paladar , SensaçãoRESUMO
Natural products with curative properties are gaining immense popularity in scientific and food research, possessing no side effects in contrast to other drugs. Guduchi, or Tinospora cordifolia, belongs to the menispermaceae family of universal drugs used to treat various diseases in traditional Indian literature. It has received attention in recent decades because of its utilization in folklore medicine for treating several disorders. Lately, the findings of active phytoconstituents present in herbal plants and their pharmacological function in disease treatment and control have stimulated interest in plants around the world. Guduchi is ethnobotanically used for jaundice, diabetes, urinary problems, stomachaches, prolonged diarrhea, skin ailments, and dysentery. The treatment with Guduchi extracts was accredited to phytochemical constituents, which include glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, and diterpenoid lactones. This review places emphasis on providing in-depth information on the budding applications of herbal medicine in the advancement of functional foods and nutraceuticals to natural product researchers.
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Plantas Medicinais , Tinospora , Tinospora/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Suplementos NutricionaisRESUMO
Research into innovative non-pharmacological therapeutic routes via the utilization of natural elements like zinc (Zn) has been motivated by the discovery of new severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) variants and the ineffectiveness of certain vaccination treatments during COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, research on SARS-COV-2's viral cellular entry and infection mechanism has shown that it may seriously harm reproductive system cells and impair testicular function in young men and adolescents, which may lead to male infertility over time. In this context, we conducted a narrative review to give an overview of the data pertaining to Zn's critical role in testicular tissue, the therapeutic use of such micronutrients to enhance male fertility, as well as in the potential mitigation of COVID-19, with the ultimate goal of elucidating the hypothesis of the potential use of Zn supplements to prevent the possible harmful effects of SARS-COV2 infection on testis physiological function, and subsequently, on male fertility.
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Producing food by farming and subsequent food manufacturing are central to the world's food supply, accounting for more than half of all production. Production is, however, closely related to the creation of large amounts of organic wastes or byproducts (agro-food waste or wastewater) that negatively impact the environment and the climate. Global climate change mitigation is an urgent need that necessitates sustainable development. For that purpose, proper agro-food waste and wastewater management are essential, not only for waste reduction but also for resource optimization. To achieve sustainability in food production, biotechnology is considered as key factor since its continuous development and broad implementation will potentially benefit ecosystems by turning polluting waste into biodegradable materials; this will become more feasible and common as environmentally friendly industrial processes improve. Bioelectrochemical systems are a revitalized, promising biotechnology integrating microorganisms (or enzymes) with multifaceted applications. The technology can efficiently reduce waste and wastewater while recovering energy and chemicals, taking advantage of their biological elements' specific redox processes. In this review, a consolidated description of agro-food waste and wastewater and its remediation possibilities, using different bioelectrochemical-based systems is presented and discussed together with a critical view of the current and future potential applications.
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Fontes de Energia Bioelétrica , Eliminação de Resíduos , Purificação da Água , Águas Residuárias , Ecossistema , AlimentosRESUMO
Zinc is a powerful immunomodulatory trace element, and its deficiency in the body is closely associated with changes in immune functions and viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. The creation of new forms of zinc delivery to target cells can make it possible to obtain smart chains of food ingredients. Recent evidence supports the idea that the optimal intake of zinc or bioactive compounds in appropriate supplements should be considered as part of a strategy to generate an immune response in the human body. Therefore, controlling the amount of this element in the diet is especially important for populations at risk of zinc deficiency, who are more susceptible to the severe progression of viral infection and disease, such as COVID-19. Convergent approaches such as micro- and nano-encapsulation develop new ways to treat zinc deficiency and make zinc more bioavailable.
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Visualization of the microstructure of the food matrix of both raw materials and the final product is one of the keys to understanding the processes occurring during its formation. It is the fixation of the results at the microlevel that allows us to form a hypothesis and then confirm it with the obtained array of experimental data. The presented study is aimed at studying the effect of ultrasonic water treatment on the change in the microstructure of wheat grain during its humidification. The article also presents the results of studying the microstructure of dough and wheat flour bread obtained using water after ultrasonic water treatment and the intensity of the processes of staling of finished bread in storage. The object of the study was grain of soft spring white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), varieties of Lubava, harvest 2014-2018, Russia (the protein content was 12.5 ± 0.3 g/100 g in terms of humidity); dough and bread made from wheat flour (ash content 0.55%, mass fraction of gluten 28.5%), produced using the technology of plain bread, a classic recipe without improvers. Ultrasound-treated water with an exposure frequency of 22 ± 1.65 kHz and with a power variation of 252-630 W/l was used in test technology. The experimental data obtained made it possible to establish the intensification of the processes of swelling of wheat grain during soaking. In the experimental samples, after 8 hours of soaking, the loosened structure of the endosperm and evenly swollen components of the grain were observed, and the loop of the groove was closed. Activation of the processes of dough science was established, and gluten flour in the dough formed a single monolithic frame, in which the swollen starch grains are tightly packed. The interstitial walls of the crumb of the prototypes consisted of a solid mass of protein coagulated during baking, inside of which swollen gelatinized starch grains are interspersed, they are closely adjacent to the mass of coagulated protein with their entire surface, and therefore, there is no sharp, clearly visible boundary between them. The most pronounced changes in the structure of the dough and bread crumb were noted when using water, after ultrasonic water treatment at a power of 504 and 630 W/l. This method of exposure can be recommended as the best for obtaining good quality bread with less pronounced staling during storage.
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The quality of the bread has been always an important issue and needs to be improved. Curcumin nanoemulsion provides an antioxidant and other nutritional value to the bakery products. Our aim was to determine the effect of curcumin nanoemulsions as a food additive on the quality and digestibility of breads. Curcumin nanoemulsion was stabilized by using Tween 80 and an ultrasound approach and its incorporation of curcumin nanoemulsion into bread formulation as the replacement of margarine. The objects of the study were the obtained bread from wheat flour, namely, control sample, CuNE containing sample, and raw curcumin containing bread sample. The results of the sensory evaluation of prototype bread suggest that curcumin nanoemulsion does affect organoleptic properties of bread. The result of antioxidant activity for curcumin nanoemulsion bread is higher (31.59%) compared to a control bread (20.59%). Also, in addition to a positive effect, there is an increase in the total strain and the elasticity of the crumb of bread compared to the control bread. SEM (scanning electron microscope) study shows that formulation with nanoemulsion promotes uniform distribution of fine pores (porosity).
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In the present work, we studied the formation of sunflower oil nanoemulsion using ultrasound techniques. Later, we investigated the development of active films based on a mixture of whey protein containing sunflower oil base nanoemulsion with different concentrations (10, 25, and 50% of total whey protein). The prepared film was by analyzing using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The film shows no changes in its integrity and crystallinity compared to the virgin film. The presence of nanoemulsion improves the mechanical properties from 2.75 MPa to 3.52 MPa while it decreases the water vapor permeability from 3.4 × 10-10 to 1.3 × 10-10g/m.s.Pa for concentrations NE (50% of Whey protein). The antioxidant activity for Tween 20 nanoemulsion is 38.7% compared to 36.1% for Tween 80 nanoemulsion. The antimicrobial activity of the film contains sunflower nanoemulsion higher than virgin films. The results showed the potential of blend film of whey protein with nanoemulsion for active films for novel food protection.
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Since the authors are not responding to the editor's requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn.Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php. BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
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The fascinating world of lichens draws the attention of the researchers because of the numerous properties of lichens used traditionally and, in modern times, as a raw material for medicines and in the perfumery industry, for food and spices, for fodder, as dyes, and for other various purposes all over the world. However, lichens being widespread symbiotic entities between fungi and photosynthetic partners may acquire toxic features due to either the fungi, algae, or cyano-procaryotes producing toxins. By this way, several common lichens acquire toxic features. In this survey, recent data about the ecology, phytogenetics, and biology of some lichens with respect to the associated toxin-producing cyanoprokaryotes in different habitats around the world are discussed. Special attention is paid to the common toxins, called microcystin and nodularin, produced mainly by the Nostoc species. The effective application of a series of modern research methods to approach the issue of lichen toxicity as contributed by the cyanophotobiont partner is emphasized.
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Toxinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Cianobactérias/metabolismo , Ecotoxicologia , Líquens/metabolismo , Nostoc/metabolismoRESUMO
Whole wheat flour from sprouted wheat grain is a full-fledged raw ingredient containing essential amino acids, easily digestible sugars, and dietary fiber, with increased digestibility and enzymatic activity. The use of this raw material in the production of food products will contribute to the creation of products for a healthy diet of the population. This study is aimed at studying the possibility of using whole grain flour from sprouted wheat in the production of bread and its effect on the rheological and microstructural properties of dough and finished products. It was found that whole wheat flour from sprouted wheat grain had an even particle size and was characterized by a uniform distribution of particles over the size range (from 53 to 209 microns-61 ± 3%); large particles from 297 to 497 microns were present in an amount of no more than 10 ± 3%. The replacement of 20% refined flour with whole wheat flour from sprouted wheat grain resulted in better values of the farinograph quality index (200 ± 3 mm). The bread obtained according to this recipe had a high specific volume (4.21 ± 0.62 mL.g-1) and optimal rheological characteristics: total deformation13.7 ± 0.3 mm, plastic4.3 ± 0.3 mm, and elastic9.4 ± 0.3 mm. The study of the microstructure of dough and bread also confirmed the established dependencies. This percentage of replacement of refined flour with whole wheat flour from sprouted wheat grain can be recommended as the best for obtaining bread of good quality with high rheological characteristics.
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BACKGROUND: Colloidal systems are used in various industrial and medical applications. Nanoparticles have good physio-chemical properties that enhance the performance of the system. Nano-emulsions can be synthesized by ultrasonication. Ultrasonication is the simplest method as compared to other available methods. The purpose of this article is to review the recent advances in ultrasound- assisted nano-emulsion synthesis and challenges regarding the safety of the nano-emulsion. METHODS: Application of the nano-emulsions in the various industrial and medical processes like drug delivery process, food industry, pesticide industry and cosmetics industry is also reviewed. RESULTS: Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of nano-emulsions is a simple method as compared to other synthesis methods of the nano-emulsions. Nano-emulsions have potential applications in the cosmetic, drug delivery, pesticides and industry. CONCLUSION: Fabrication of the nano-emulsions is different for each application and product. Physiochemical properties should be strictly monitored in the nano-emulsions as they influence the efficiency of the nano-emulsions greatly. Ostwald ripening is the main phenomenon for the nano-emulsions mechanism.
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Nanopartículas , EmulsõesRESUMO
Today, food products not only should serve the source of main nourishment but also must minimize the risk of negative impact on the human body. Products enriched with antioxidants can be referred to such category. For food producers, the development of products "for health" is usually connected with significant investment, whereas the final success of innovative products does not always meet the expectations. The greatest part of such products is withdrawn from the market during the first year. It is important for manufacturers to learn consumer behavior in order to ensure sale growth and a stable market position. The purpose of this study was to study consumer reception of products containing antioxidants. (It is important to conduct market research to identify the needs of buyers in order to maintain a stable position in the market. In order to study this issue, we analyzed the consumer perception of foods with antioxidant properties.) We studied the consumer perception of products with antioxidant properties with regard to choice predictors and barriers for purchasing, which finally determine the success of the product on the market. For this purpose, we conducted a survey of 721 consumers of the South Urals. The results of the statistical analysis done with the help of SPSS proved that South Ural consumers in general are ready to purchase products containing antioxidants. Besides, producers must bring information concerning the real value of the product and win the consumer trust and confidence as far as these are the main predictors determining the choice for purchasing the products containing antioxidants. Misunderstanding of the role antioxidants play in the human body may lead to perception of risk concerning consumption of such products and rejection of the purchase.
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The article for the first time studies the kinetics of the activated brines diffusion inside meat based on the research of microstructure and nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation. The effect of ultrasound on the increase of hydration properties of pork proteins was found positive. The results of the experiments prove that spray penetration into not only interfibrillar spaces like during jetting but also inside muscle fibers leads to essential changes in meat structure, redistribution of brine components and acceleration of biochemical processes.
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Acústica , Produtos da Carne , Sais , Cloreto de Sódio , Animais , Cinética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , SuínosRESUMO
The work explores the experimental and theoretical aspects of emulsification capability of ultrasound to deliver stable emulsions of sunflower oil in water and meat sausages. In order to determine optimal parameters for direct ultrasonic emulsification of food emulsions, a model was developed based on the stability of emulsion droplets in acoustic cavitation field. The study is further extended to investigate the ultrasound induced changes to the inherent properties of raw materials under the experimental conditions of sono-emulsification.
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Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Produtos da Carne/análise , Óleos de Plantas/química , Sonicação , Emulsões , Modelos Teóricos , Óleo de Girassol , Água/químicaRESUMO
Ultrasound has been found useful in increasing the efficiency and consumer safety in food processing. Removal of heavy metal (lead, mercury, and arsenic) contamination in milk is extremely important in regions of poor ecological environment - urban areas with heavy motor traffic or well established metallurgical/cement industry. In this communication, we report on the preliminary studies on the application of low frequency (20kHz) ultrasound for heavy metal decontamination of milk without affecting its physical, chemical, and microbiological properties.
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Descontaminação/métodos , Metais Pesados/isolamento & purificação , Leite/química , Sonicação , Animais , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Leite/microbiologiaRESUMO
In food industry, conventional methodologies such as grinding, mixing, and heat treatment are used for food processing and preservation. These processes have been well studied for many centuries and used in the conversion of raw food materials to consumable food products. This report is dedicated to the application of a cost-efficient method of energy transfer caused by acoustic cavitation effects in food processing, overall, having significant impacts on the development of relatively new area of food processing such as food sonochemistry.