Risk Factors Associated with Probable Sleep Bruxism of Children and Teenagers with Cerebral Palsy.

AIM: To assess the association between probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and other occlusal characteristics in children and teenagers with Cerebral Palsy (CP). STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 148 participants (74 with CP and 74 without special needs) aged between 2 and 14 years old. Participants underwent an oral clinical examination to evaluate the occlusal characteristics. Parents/caregivers filled out a questionnaire with information related to the typical sounds of PSB, sociodemographic factors and the presence of harmful oral habits in the study participants. Data analysis was carried out, using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test and Odds Ratio (p<0.05). RESULTS: PSB and malocclusion (68.9% and 95.9%, respectively) were more prevalent in participants with CP than in participants without CP. The association between PSB and the presence of a wear facet was statistically significant (p < 0.001) in participants with CP. In this group, 64.8% of participants with PSB presented tooth wear. CONCLUSION: Presence of dental wear facets was significantly associated with PSB in individuals with cerebral palsy.

Association between non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis and hyper reactive blood pressure response on the exercise treadmill test.

AIMS: Non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis (HS) is associated with hypertension and increased cardiovascular risk. While Blood pressure hyper-reactive response (HRR) during peak exercise indicates an increased risk of incident hypertension and increased cardiovascular risk, no data on the association of non-alcoholic HS and HRR exists. In this study, we have evaluated the association of HS with HRR. METHODS: We included 13 410 consecutive individuals with a mean age: 42.4 ± 8.9 years, 3561 (26.6%) female with normal resting blood pressure and without a previous diagnosis of hypertension, who underwent symptom limited exercise treadmill test, abdominal ultrasonography and clinical and laboratory evaluation. HS was detected by abdominal ultrasonography. HRR was defined by a peak exercise systolic blood pressure >220 mmHg and/or elevation of 15 mmHg or more in diastolic blood pressure from rest to peak exercise. RESULTS: The prevalence of HS was 29.5% (n = 3956). Overall, 4.6% (n = 619) of the study population presented a HRR. Subjects with HS had a higher prevalence of HRR (8.1 vs. 3.1%, odds ratio 2.8, 95% CI 2.4-3.3, P < 0.001). After adjustment for body mass index, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HS (odds ratio 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.6, P = 0.002) remained independently associated with HRR. HS was additive to obesity markers in predicting exercise HRR. CONCLUSIONS: Non-alcoholic HS is independently associated with hyper-reactive exercise blood pressure response.