[Vasculitides and eosinophilic pulmonary diseases]. / Vaskulitiden und eosinophile Lungenerkrankungen.

Eosinophilic granulocytes form peripheral effector cells controlled by Th2 lymphocytes, which cause local cell, tissue, and functional disorders of infiltrated organs via the release of cytotoxic basic proteins and oxygen radicals. Diseases associated with eosinophilia include systemic and organ-related forms. The lungs are involved in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA, formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome), acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, as well as in an organ manifestation in hypereosinophilic syndrome and certain parasitic diseases. In particular, the lungs are frequently affected in vasculitis of small vessels, including EGPA, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Among these, EGPA is the most frequent pulmonary eosinophil vasculitis representative. In addition, there are various overlap syndromes in which characteristic features of EGPA can be detected in the context of other anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA-)associated vasculitides. Occasionally, non-ANCA-associated pulmonary vasculitides occur with eosinophilia (e.g., Schönlein-Henoch purpura, Kawasaki disease, drug-induced hypersensitivity, and paraneoplastic syndrome). Herein, the pulmonary vasculitides accompanying eosinophilia are presented with respect to both the lung manifestations and pulmonary eosinophilia.

[Vasculitides and eosinophilic pulmonary diseases]. / Vaskulitiden und eosinophile Lungenerkrankungen.

Eosinophilic granulocytes form peripheral effector cells controlled by Th2 lymphocytes, which cause local cell, tissue, and functional disorders of infiltrated organs via the release of cytotoxic basic proteins and oxygen radicals. Diseases associated with eosinophilia include systemic and organ-related forms. The lungs are involved in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA, formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome), acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, as well as in an organ manifestation in hypereosinophilic syndrome and certain parasitic diseases. In particular, the lungs are frequently affected in vasculitis of small vessels, including EGPA, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Among these, EGPA is the most frequent pulmonary eosinophil vasculitis representative. In addition, there are various overlap syndromes in which characteristic features of EGPA can be detected in the context of other anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA-)associated vasculitides. Occasionally, non-ANCA-associated pulmonary vasculitides occur with eosinophilia (e.g., Schönlein-Henoch purpura, Kawasaki disease, drug-induced hypersensitivity, and paraneoplastic syndrome). Herein, the pulmonary vasculitides accompanying eosinophilia are presented with respect to both the lung manifestations and pulmonary eosinophilia.

Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes growth in cured ready-to-eat meat products by use of sodium benzoate and sodium diacetate.

The effect of sodium benzoate (0.08 to 0.25%) in combination with different concentrations of sodium diacetate (0.05 to 0.15%) and NaClI (0.8 to 2%) and different finished product moisture (55 to 75%) on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat products was evaluated using a central composite design over 18 weeks of storage at 4 degrees C. The effects of these factors on time to growth were analyzed using a time-to-failure regression method. All main effects were significant except product moisture, which was significant when included in the two- and three-way interactions (P < 0.05). Sodium benzoate was more effective (lengthening time to growth) when used with increasing concentrations of sodium diacetate and salt and decreasing finished product moisture. The model indicated that low-moisture products, e.g., bologna or wieners, could have time-to-growth values longer than 18 weeks if they were formulated with 0.1% sodium benzoate and 0.1% sodium diacetate. Time to growth in high-moisture products, e.g., ham or cured turkey breast at 75% moisture, was predicted to be much shorter for the same basic formulation (0.1% sodium benzoate and 0.1% sodium diacetate). Consequently, high-moisture ready-to-eat products in which sodium benzoate is limited to 0.1% (current standard for generally recognized as safe) may need additional ingredients to effectively inhibit growth of L. monocytogenes.