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1.
Nat Immunol ; 22(1): 74-85, 2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32999467

RESUMO

T cell immunity is central for the control of viral infections. To characterize T cell immunity, but also for the development of vaccines, identification of exact viral T cell epitopes is fundamental. Here we identify and characterize multiple dominant and subdominant SARS-CoV-2 HLA class I and HLA-DR peptides as potential T cell epitopes in COVID-19 convalescent and unexposed individuals. SARS-CoV-2-specific peptides enabled detection of post-infectious T cell immunity, even in seronegative convalescent individuals. Cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 peptides revealed pre-existing T cell responses in 81% of unexposed individuals and validated similarity with common cold coronaviruses, providing a functional basis for heterologous immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses was associated with mild symptoms of COVID-19, providing evidence that immunity requires recognition of multiple epitopes. Together, the proposed SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes enable identification of heterologous and post-infectious T cell immunity and facilitate development of diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic measures for COVID-19.


Assuntos
COVID-19/imunologia , Epitopos de Linfócito T/imunologia , Peptídeos/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/virologia , Reações Cruzadas/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-DR/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-DR/metabolismo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/imunologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/metabolismo , Humanos , Memória Imunológica/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem
2.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 114(46): E9942-E9951, 2017 11 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29093164

RESUMO

Immunotherapies, particularly checkpoint inhibitors, have set off a revolution in cancer therapy by releasing the power of the immune system. However, only little is known about the antigens that are essentially presented on cancer cells, capable of exposing them to immune cells. Large-scale HLA ligandome analysis has enabled us to exhaustively characterize the immunopeptidomic landscape of epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs). Additional comparative profiling with the immunopeptidome of a variety of benign sources has unveiled a multitude of ovarian cancer antigens (MUC16, MSLN, LGALS1, IDO1, KLK10) to be presented by HLA class I and class II molecules exclusively on ovarian cancer cells. Most strikingly, ligands derived from mucin 16 and mesothelin, a molecular axis of prognostic importance in EOC, are prominent in a majority of patients. Differential gene-expression analysis has allowed us to confirm the relevance of these targets for EOC and further provided important insights into the relationship between gene transcript levels and HLA ligand presentation.


Assuntos
Apresentação de Antígeno/imunologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/imunologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/imunologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Antígeno Ca-125/imunologia , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário , Feminino , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI/imunologia , Galectina 1/imunologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Antígenos HLA-DR/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-DR/metabolismo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/imunologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/metabolismo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/imunologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunoterapia , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenase/imunologia , Calicreínas/imunologia , Ligantes , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/análise , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/imunologia , Mesotelina , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/imunologia , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Vacinação
3.
Cytotherapy ; 21(9): 973-986, 2019 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31351799

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood and adolescence. Although some patients present with distinct genetic alterations, such as mutated TP53 or MYC amplification, pediatric medulloblastoma is a tumor entity with minimal mutational load and low immunogenicity. METHODS: We identified tumor-specific mutations using next-generation sequencing of medulloblastoma DNA and RNA derived from primary tumor samples from pediatric patients. Tumor-specific mutations were confirmed using deep sequencing and in silico analyses predicted high binding affinity of the neoantigen-derived peptides to the patients' human leukocyte antigen molecules. Tumor-specific peptides were synthesized and used to induce a de novo T-cell response characterized by interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha release of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in vitro. RESULTS: Despite low mutational tumor burden, at least two immunogenic tumor-specific peptides were identified in each patient. T cells showed a balanced CD4/CD8 ratio and mostly effector memory phenotype. Induction of a CD8-specific T-cell response was achieved for the neoepitopes derived from Histidine Ammonia-Lyase (HAL), Neuraminidase 2 (NEU2), Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin (PCSK9), Programmed Cell Death 10 (PDCD10), Supervillin (SVIL) and tRNA Splicing Endonuclease Subunit 54 (TSEN54) variants. CONCLUSION: Detection of patient-specific, tumor-derived neoantigens confirms that even in tumors with low mutational load a molecular design of targets for specific T-cell immunotherapy is possible. The identified neoantigens may guide future approaches of adoptive T-cell transfer, transgenic T-cell receptor transfer or tumor vaccination.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Imunoterapia , Meduloblastoma/genética , Meduloblastoma/terapia , Mutação/genética , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adolescente , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Criança , Epitopos/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Meduloblastoma/imunologia , Peptídeos/química
4.
Br J Haematol ; 180(1): 90-99, 2018 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29205259

RESUMO

Poor graft function (PGF) is a severe complication of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and administration of donor stem cell boosts (SCBs) represents a therapeutic option. We report 50 paediatric patients with PGF who received 61 boosts with CD34+ selected peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) after transplantation from matched unrelated (n = 25) or mismatched related (n = 25) donors. Within 8 weeks, a significant increase in median neutrophil counts (0·6 vs. 1·516 × 109 /l, P < 0·05) and a decrease in red blood cell and platelet transfusion requirement (median frequencies 1 and 7 vs. 0, P < 0·0001 and <0·001), were observed, and 78·8% of patients resolved one or two of their cytopenias. 36·5% had a complete haematological response. Median lymphocyte counts for CD3+ , CD3+ CD4+ , CD19+ and CD56+ increased 8·3-, 14·2-, 22.- and 1·6-fold. The rate of de novo acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) grade I-III was only 6% and resolved completely. No GvHD grade IV or chronic GvHD occurred. Patients who responded to SCB displayed a trend toward better overall survival (OS) (P = 0·07). Thus, administration of CD34+ selected SCBs from alternative donors is safe and effective. Further studies are warranted to clarify the impact on immune reconstitution and survival.


Assuntos
Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos CD34/metabolismo , Linhagem da Célula , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Hematopoese , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Prognóstico , Retratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Quimeras de Transplante , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante , Transplante Homólogo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
5.
Ann Rheum Dis ; 73(12): 2199-207, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24013727

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Interferon (IFN) α is a key immunoregulatory cytokine secreted by activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) that constitute less than 1% of leucocytes. IFNα plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Nevertheless, the natural IFNα inducers in SLE as well as the different IFNα secreting cell types are only partially characterised. METHODS: Chromatin was purified from calf thymus. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), neutrophils and mouse bone marrow neutrophils were purified and cultured with different stimuli. IFNα production was estimated by flow cytometry, ELISA and a bioassay, and gene expression by quantitative real time PCR. Neutrophil activation and NETosis were analysed by flow cytometry, ELISA and confocal microscopy. RESULTS: Neutrophils produced a bioactive IFNα on stimulation with purified chromatin. IFNα secretion was observed with steady state neutrophils purified from 56 independent healthy individuals and autoimmune patients in response to free chromatin and not chromatin containing immune complexes. Chromatin induced IFNα secretion occurred independently of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Neutrophil priming by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor or IFNα was not necessary but PBMC sustained IFNα secretion by neutrophils. PDC were 27 times more efficient than neutrophils but blood neutrophils were 100 times more frequent than PDC. Finally, neutrophil activation by chromatin was associated with NETosis and DNA sensor upregulation. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophils have the capability of producing IFNα on selective triggering, and we identified a natural lupus stimulus involved, unveiling a new mechanism involved in SLE. Neutrophils represent another important source of IFNα and important targets for future therapies aimed at influencing IFNα levels.


Assuntos
Autoantígenos/imunologia , Cromatina/imunologia , Armadilhas Extracelulares/imunologia , Interferon-alfa/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/imunologia , Bovinos , Morte Celular/imunologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Receptor Toll-Like 9/imunologia
6.
Vaccines (Basel) ; 12(4)2024 Apr 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38675779

RESUMO

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers among women and the most lethal malignancy of all gynecological cancers. Surgery is promising in the early stages; however, most patients are first diagnosed in the advanced stages, where treatment options are limited. Here, we present a 49-year-old patient who was first diagnosed with stage III ovarian cancer. After the tumor progressed several times under guideline therapies with no more treatment options available at that time, the patient received a fully individualized neoantigen-derived peptide vaccine in the setting of an individual healing attempt. The tumor was analyzed for somatic mutations via whole exome sequencing and potential neoepitopes were vaccinated over a period of 50 months. During vaccination, the patient additionally received anti-PD-1 therapy to prevent further disease progression. Vaccine-induced T-cell responses were detected using intracellular cytokine staining. After eleven days of in vitro expansion, four T-cell activation markers (namely IFN-É£, TNF-α, IL-2, and CD154) were measured. The proliferation capacity of neoantigen-specific T-cells was determined using a CFSE proliferation assay. Immune monitoring revealed a very strong CD4+ T-cell response against one of the vaccinated peptides. The vaccine-induced T-cells simultaneously expressed CD154, TNF, IL-2, and IFN-É£ and showed a strong proliferation capacity upon neoantigen stimulation. Next-generation sequencing, as well as immunohistochemical analysis, revealed a loss of Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), which is essential for MHC class I presentation. The results presented here implicate that the application of neoantigen-derived peptide vaccines might be considered for those cancer stages, where promising therapeutic options are lacking. Furthermore, we provide more data that endorse the intensive investigation of B2M loss as a tumor escape mechanism in clinical trials using anti-cancer vaccines together with immune-checkpoint inhibitors.

7.
Blood Adv ; 8(9): 2160-2171, 2024 May 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38290133

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Anti-T lymphocyte globulin (ATLG) significantly reduces the risk of engraftment failure in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) but hampers posttransplant immune reconstitution. We hypothesized that in patients receiving haploidentical CD3/CD19-depleted grafts, these double-edged effects could be better balanced by attaining high ATLG serum concentrations before transplant but as low as possible on the day of transplant. Therefore, we moved the start of ATLG application to day -12 and determined serum concentrations of T-cell-specific ATLG in pediatric patients treated with 3 established dosing regimens (15, 30, or 60 mg/kg). Corresponding mean T-cell-specific ATLG serum concentrations at day 0 were 1.14, 2.99, or 12.10 µg/mL, respectively. Higher ATLG doses correlated with higher peak levels at days -8 and -7 and reduced graft rejection, whereas lower ATLG doses correlated with significantly faster posttransplant recovery of T and natural killer cells. The rate of graft-versus-host disease remained low, independent of ATLG doses. Moreover, in vitro assays showed that ATLG concentrations of 2.0 µg/mL and lower only slightly reduced the activity of natural killer cells, and therefore, the function of such effector cells might be preserved in the grafts. Pharmacokinetic analysis, compatible with linear first-order kinetics, revealed similar half-life values, independent of ATLG doses. Hence, the day on which a desired ATLG serum level is reached can be calculated before HSCT. Our retrospective study demonstrates the relevance of dosing and time of administration of ATLG on engraftment and immune recovery in ex vivo CD3/CD19-depleted haploidentical HSCT.


Assuntos
Antígenos CD19 , Soro Antilinfocitário , Complexo CD3 , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Humanos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Criança , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Adolescente , Soro Antilinfocitário/administração & dosagem , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/prevenção & controle , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Reconstituição Imune , Lactente , Transplante Haploidêntico/métodos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Depleção Linfocítica
8.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 6870, 2024 Aug 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39127809

RESUMO

Current treatment outcome of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor. Following standard therapy, recurrence is universal with limited survival. Tumors from 173 GBM patients are analysed for somatic mutations to generate a personalized peptide vaccine targeting tumor-specific neoantigens. All patients were treated within the scope of an individual healing attempt. Among all vaccinated patients, including 70 treated prior to progression (primary) and 103 treated after progression (recurrent), the median overall survival from first diagnosis is 31.9 months (95% CI: 25.0-36.5). Adverse events are infrequent and are predominantly grade 1 or 2. A vaccine-induced immune response to at least one of the vaccinated peptides is detected in blood samples of 87 of 97 (90%) monitored patients. Vaccine-specific T-cell responses are durable in most patients. Significantly prolonged survival is observed for patients with multiple vaccine-induced T-cell responses (53 months) compared to those with no/low induced responses (27 months; P = 0.03). Altogether, our results highlight that the application of personalized neoantigen-targeting peptide vaccine is feasible and represents a promising potential treatment option for GBM patients.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Vacinas Anticâncer , Glioblastoma , Medicina de Precisão , Vacinas de Subunidades Proteicas , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/imunologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Vacinas Anticâncer/imunologia , Vacinas Anticâncer/uso terapêutico , Glioblastoma/imunologia , Glioblastoma/terapia , Medicina de Precisão/métodos , Vacinas de Subunidades Proteicas/imunologia , Vacinas de Subunidades Proteicas/uso terapêutico , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Resultado do Tratamento
9.
Front Immunol ; 14: 1271449, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37920460

RESUMO

Localized prostate cancer is curable, but metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer has a low 5-year survival rate, while broad treatment options are lacking. Here we present an mCSPC patient under remission receiving individualized neoantigen-derived peptide vaccination as recurrence prophylaxis in the setting of an individual treatment attempt. The patient was initially analyzed for somatic tumor mutations and then consecutively treated with two different peptide vaccines over a period of 33 months. The first vaccine contained predicted HLA class I binding peptides only whereas the second vaccine contained both predicted HLA class I and II binding peptides. Intracellular cytokine staining after 12 day in-vitro expansion measuring four T-cell activation markers (IFNg, TNF-α, IL-2, CD154) was used to determine vaccine-induced T-cell responses. While the first vaccine induced only one robust CD4+ T-cell response after 21 vaccinations, co-vaccination of HLA class I and II peptides induced multiple strong and durable CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses already after sixth vaccinations. The vaccine-induced immune responses were robust and polyfunctional. PSA remained undetectable for 51 months. The results presented here implicate that neoantigen-targeting vaccines might be considered for those cancer subtypes where therapeutic options are limited. Furthermore, our findings suggest that both HLA class I and II restricted peptides should be considered for future peptide vaccination trials.


Assuntos
Vacinas Anticâncer , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapia , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Peptídeos , Antígenos de Neoplasias , Vacinação , Castração , Mutação
10.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 41(6): e259-e262, 2022 06 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35446806

RESUMO

Immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pediatric patients with malignant disease may be affected by tumor therapy. Here, we report the case of a child with rhabdomyosarcoma and recurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immunologic responses, analyzed by T-cell activity and anti-viral IgG levels, were impaired and not durable as a result of intensive radiochemotherapy.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Anticorpos Antivirais , Quimiorradioterapia , Criança , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Linfócitos T
11.
Vaccines (Basel) ; 10(11)2022 Nov 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36366390

RESUMO

Breast cancer is a tumor entity that is one of the leading causes of mortality among women worldwide. Although numerous treatment options are available, current explorations of personalized vaccines have shown potential as promising new treatment options to prevent the recurrence of cancer. Here we present a small proof of concept study using a prophylactic peptide vaccination approach in four female breast cancer patients who achieved remission after standard treatment. The patients were initially analyzed for somatic tumor mutations and then treated with personalized neoantigen-derived peptide vaccines. These vaccines consisted of HLA class I and class II peptides and were administered intracutaneously followed by subcutaneous application of sargramostim and/or topical imiquimod as an immunological adjuvant. After an initial priming phase of four vaccinations within two weeks, patients received monthly boosting/maintenance vaccinations. Chemotherapy or checkpoint inhibition was not performed during vaccination. One patient received hormone therapy. The vaccines were well tolerated with no serious adverse events. All patients displayed vaccine-induced CD4+ and/or CD8+ T-cell responses against various neoantigens. Furthermore, all patients remained tumor-free and had persistent T-cell responses, even several months after the last vaccination, suggesting the potential of peptide vaccines as an immunosurveillance and long term prophylaxis option.

12.
Front Immunol ; 12: 690467, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34367149

RESUMO

Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo SCT) in Stage IV neuroblastoma relapsed patients has been proven efficacious, while immunotherapy utilizing the anti-GD2 antibody dinutuximab beta has become a standard treatment for neuroblastoma. The combinatorial therapy of haplo SCT and dinutuximab may potentiate the efficacy of the immunotherapy. To gain further understanding of the synergistic effects, functional immunomonitoring was assessed during the clinical trial CH14.18 1021 Antibody and IL2 After haplo SCT in Children with Relapsed Neuroblastoma (NCT02258815). Rapid immune reconstitution of the lymphoid compartment was confirmed, with clinically relevant dinutuximab serum levels found in all patients over the course of treatment. Only one patient developed human anti-chimeric antibodies (HACAs). In-patient monitoring revealed highly functional NK cell posttransplant capable of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Degranulation of NK cell subsets revealed a significant response increased by dinutuximab. This was irrespective of the KIR receptor-ligand constellation within the NK subsets, defined by the major KIR receptors CD158a, CD158b, and CD158e. Moreover, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) was shown to be an extremely potent effector-cell independent mechanism of tumor cell lysis, with a clear positive correlation to GD2 expression on the cancer cells as well as to the dinutuximab concentrations. The ex vivo testing of patient-derived effector cells and the sera collected during dinutuximab therapy demonstrated both high functionality of the newly established lymphoid immune compartment and provided confidence that the antibody dosing regimen was sufficient over the duration of the dinutuximab therapy (up to nine cycles in a 9-month period). During the course of the dinutuximab therapy, proinflammatory cytokines and markers (sIL2R, TNFa, IL6, and C reactive protein) were significantly elevated indicating a strong anti-GD2 immune response. No impact of FcGR polymorphism on event-free and overall survival was found. Collectively, this study has shown that in-patient functional immunomonitoring is feasible and valuable in contributing to the understanding of anti-cancer combinatorial treatments such as haplo SCT and antibody immunotherapy.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Gangliosídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Monitorização Imunológica , Neuroblastoma/terapia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Citocinas/sangue , Estudos de Viabilidade , Gangliosídeos/imunologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neuroblastoma/sangue , Neuroblastoma/imunologia , Neuroblastoma/patologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Transplante Haploidêntico , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
Oncoimmunology ; 10(1): 2003532, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35686214

RESUMO

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy holds great promise to sustainably improve cancer treatment. However, currently, a broad applicability of CAR-T cell therapies is hampered by limited CAR-T cell versatility and tractability and the lack of exclusive target antigens to discriminate cancerous from healthy tissues. To achieve temporal and qualitative control on CAR-T function, we engineered the Adapter CAR (AdCAR) system. AdCAR-T are redirected to surface antigens via biotin-labeled adapter molecules in the context of a specific linker structure, referred to as Linker-Label-Epitope. AdCAR-T execute highly specific and controllable effector function against a multiplicity of target antigens. In mice, AdCAR-T durably eliminate aggressive lymphoma. Importantly, AdCAR-T might prevent antigen evasion by combinatorial simultaneous or sequential targeting of multiple antigens and are capable to identify and differentially lyse cancer cells by integration of adapter molecule-mediated signals based on multiplex antigen expression profiles. In consequence the AdCAR technology enables controllable, flexible, combinatorial, and selective targeting.


Assuntos
Neoplasias , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos , Animais , Imunoterapia Adotiva , Camundongos , Neoplasias/terapia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/genética , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos/genética , Linfócitos T , Tecnologia
14.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc ; 9(5): 622-625, 2020 Nov 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32951037

RESUMO

The pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is a severe complication of coronavirus disease 2019. Since impaired coagulation and thrombosis/endotheliitis are suspected pathomechanisms, we treated 2 patients with defibrotide, a profibrinolytic, antithrombotic, antiinflammatory oligonucleotide. Symptoms resolved during treatment. Moreover, coagulation parameters indicating hypofibrinolysis and complement activation normalized. The pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is a severe complication of coronavirus disease 2019. Since impaired coagulation and thrombosis/endotheliitis are suspected pathomechanisms, 2 patients received defibrotide, a profibrinolytic, antithrombotic, antiinflammatory oligonucleotide. Symptoms resolved and hypofibrinolysis/complement activation normalized during treatment.


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Polidesoxirribonucleotídeos/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Adolescente , Betacoronavirus , Fatores de Coagulação Sanguínea/análise , COVID-19 , Criança , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Feminino , Febre/etiologia , Humanos , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , SARS-CoV-2 , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/sangue , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia
15.
Bone Marrow Transplant ; 54(Suppl 2): 727-732, 2019 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31431711

RESUMO

Posttransplant treatment strategies are narrowed by the vulnerability of bone marrow. Building on immune cells with antitumor activity is a growing field in cancer therapy. Thus, transfer of expanded and preactivated immune cells is a promising intensification of treatment in high-risk tumor patients. We tested ex vivo expanded NK-, γδT-, and CIK cells that were generated by coincubation with irradiated K562-mb15-41BBL and Il2 and compared the expansion conditions of PBMCs versus CD3-depleted PBMCs as well as static versus semi-automated expansion. The median fold expansion was significantly higher using PBMCs and static expansion conditions. Expanded cells were preactivated with a CD56brightCD69high immunophenotype exerting excellent direct cellular cytotoxicity as well as ADCC in various tumor entities. We established a large-scale clinical-grade ex vivo expansion and activation protocol of NK-, γδT-, and CIK cells from donor-derived PBMCs of patients after haploidentical HSCT. In a patient with AML, NK/γδT/CIK cell transfer was associated with MRD response. A significant increase of direct antitumor activity and ADCC post cell transfer was documented. The results that we report here provide the rationale for clinical testing of expanded, preactivated NK/γδT/CIK cells for cancer therapy.


Assuntos
Células Matadoras Induzidas por Citocinas/imunologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Imunofenotipagem/métodos , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante/métodos , Transplante Haploidêntico/métodos , Humanos
16.
Elife ; 42015 Jul 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26154972

RESUMO

We present a novel mass spectrometry-based high-throughput workflow and an open-source computational and data resource to reproducibly identify and quantify HLA-associated peptides. Collectively, the resources support the generation of HLA allele-specific peptide assay libraries consisting of consensus fragment ion spectra, and the analysis of quantitative digital maps of HLA peptidomes generated from a range of biological sources by SWATH mass spectrometry (MS). This study represents the first community-based effort to develop a robust platform for the reproducible and quantitative measurement of the entire repertoire of peptides presented by HLA molecules, an essential step towards the design of efficient immunotherapies.


Assuntos
Antígenos/química , Antígenos/imunologia , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Bases de Dados Factuais , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/imunologia , Apresentação de Antígeno , Antígenos HLA/metabolismo , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos
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