RESUMO
ABSTRACT The present study aims to establish the fatty acid profile of a variety of traditional foods consumed regularly in Paraguay. Thirty-two high-lipid content foods were evaluated by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Meat and dairy products were found to present high levels of saturated fatty acids, and this led to an increase in the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices of these products. Among the monounsaturated acids evaluated, oleic acid (18:1n-9c) was mainly found in olives (71.7%) and chipa (62.7%), which had been industrially prepared with the addition of oleic acid. Milk-based ice cream (5.1%) and chipa guazú (3.8%) presented the highest content of trans fatty acids. The n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio obtained for the traditional sopa Paraguaya and empanada (fried pasty) was higher than 37:1; this can be attributed to the addition of soybean and corn oils in the preparation of these foods. The data evaluated and presented in this study can contribute toward the improvement of eating habits among the Paraguayan population, as well as help combat the risk factors commonly associated with bad eating habits and chronic health issues.
RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer los perfiles de ácidos grasos de una variedad de alimentos tradicionales que se consumen regularmente en Paraguay. Se evaluaron treinta y dos alimentos con alto contenido de lípidos mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a detector de ionización de llama (GC-FID). Los productos cárnicos y lácteos presentaron un elevado nivel de ácidos grasos saturados, aumentando los índices de aterogenicidad y trombogenicidad. Entre los monoinsaturados, el ácido oleico (18: 1n-9c) se encuentró principalmente en aceitunas (71,7%) y chipa (62,7%), este último preparado industrialmente por adición de ácido oleico. En cuanto al contenido de ácidos grasos trans, los valores más altos se encontraron en los helados a base de leche (5,1%) y chipa guazú (3,8%). Los valores de la relación n-6 / n-3 fueron superiores a 37:1 en sopa paraguaya y empanada (frita) debido a la adición de aceite de soja y maíz utilizado en la preparación de alimentos. Los datos evaluados y presentados en este estudio pueden contribuir a la mejora de los hábitos alimentarios de la población paraguaya, así como ayudar a combatir los factores de riesgo comúnmente asociados con los malos hábitos alimentarios y los problemas crónicos de salud.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and molecular characteristics of a sample of Brazilian patients with Congenital Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia (CHH). METHODS: Electronic message was sent to members from Endocrinology Department- Brazilian Society of Pediatrics requesting clinical data for all cases of CHH. A whole blood sample from living patients was requested for DNA extraction followed by a search for mutations of the genes ABCC8, KCNJ11, GCK, GLUD1, HADH, SLC16A1 and HNF4A. RESULTS: Of the 61 patients evaluated, 36 (59%) were boys, and only 16 (26%) were born by normal delivery. Gestational age ranged from 32 to 41 weeks (mean = 37 weeks and 6 days). Birth weight ranged from 1590 to 5250 g (mean = 3430 g). Macrossomia occurred in 14 cases (28%). Age at diagnosis ranged from 1 to 1080 days (mean = 75 days). DNA for molecular analysis was obtained from 53 of the 61 patients. Molecular changes in the ABCC8 gene were detected in 15 (28%) of these 53 cases, and mutations in the KCNJ11 gene were detected in 6 (11%). Mutations in the GLUD1 gene were detected in 9 cases (17%) of the total series. Mutations of the GCK gene in heterozygosis were detected in 3 cases. No mutations were detected in the sequencing of genes HADH, SLC16A1 and HNF4A. CONCLUSION: The present study conducted in Brazil permitted the collaborative compilation of an important number of CHH cases and showed that the present clinical and molecular data are similar to those of published global series.