Abnormal activation of the Wnt3a/ß-catenin signaling pathway promotes the expression of T-box transcription factor 3(TBX3) and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway to mediate the occurrence of adenomyosis.

BACKGROUND: T-box transcription factor 3(TBX3) is a transcription factor that can regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration in different tumor cells; however, its role in adenomyosis (ADM) has not been previously studied. Some of ADM's pathophysiological characteristics are similar to those of malignant tumors (e.g., abnormal proliferation, migration, and invasion). METHODS AND RESULTS: We hypothesized that TBX3 might have a role in ADM. We used tamoxifen-induced Institute of Cancer research (ICR) mice to establish ADM disease model. The study procedure included western blotting and immunohistochemistry to analyze protein levels; additionally, we used intraperitoneal injection of Wnt/ß-catenin pathway inhibitor XAV-939 to study the relationship between TBX3 and Wnt/ß-catenin pathway as well as Anti-proliferation cell nuclear antigen( PCNA) and TUNEL to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. TBX3 overexpression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ADM mice was found to be associated with activation of the Wnt3a/ß-catenin pathway. Treatment with XAV-939 in ADM mice led to the inhibition of both TBX3 and EMT; moreover, abnormal cell proliferation was suppressed, the depth of invasion of endometrium cells was limited. Thus, the use of XAV-939 effectively inhibited further invasion of endometrial cells. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that TBX3 may play an important role in the development of ADM. The expression of TBX3 in ADM was regulated by the Wnt3a/ß-catenin pathway. The activation of the Wnt3a/ß-catenin pathway in ADM promoted TBX3 expression and induced the occurrence of EMT, thus promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, ultimately accelerating the development of ADM. The study provides a reference for the diagnosis of ADM.

The Inactivation of Hippo Signaling Pathway Promotes the Development of Adenomyosis by Regulating EMT, Proliferation, and Apoptosis of Cells.

Adenomyosis is a benign gynecological disease. The pathogenesis of adenomyosis is still unclear. The Hippo signaling pathway is highly conserved in vivo and associated with endometriosis and various cancers. Our objective was to study the expression of Hippo signaling pathway-related proteins in the uterus of mice with and without adenomyosis. We also sought to determine the relationship between the Hippo signaling pathway and cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and apoptosis in adenomyosis. The inactivation of Hippo signaling pathway and abnormal expression of EMT-related proteins were observed in mice with adenomyosis. In vitro, the YAP inhibitor verteporfin can inhibit the proliferation and migration of Ishikawa cells and promote apoptosis, while inhibiting the EMT process. In addition, intraperitoneal injection of verteporfin inhibits EMT process and proliferation and promotes apoptosis of cells in the uterus of adenomyosis mice. It suggests that the Hippo signaling pathway participates in the EMT, proliferation, and apoptosis of cells in adenomyosis. In conclusion, these results suggest that Hippo signaling pathway may be involved in the development of adenomyosis by regulating EMT, proliferation, and apoptosis of cells, which provide a potential target for the treatment of adenomyosis.

[Study on SHI's Bian stone comprehensive therapy for rehabilitation after induced abortion].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the rehabilitation effect of SHI's Bian stone comprehensive therapy on the patient after induced abortion. METHODS: Thirty cases of induced abortion were treated with SHI's Bian stone comprehensive therapy in peri-operative period. Before the operation, scraping therapy was given at the parts of The Urinary Bladder Channel and The Governor Vessel on the back and 30 min after the operation, the patient took a rest in a horizontal position on a mild heat Bian stone blanket and hot compress with a Bian stone plate was given at the lower abdomen. They received thrice return visits respectively on 1, 2, 3 weeks after the operation and SHI's Bian stone comprehensive therapy, including warm massage on The Governor Vessel, scraping the channel, patting Baliao (BL 31, BL 32, BL 33, BL 34), penetration needling Sanyinjiao (SP 6), oblique needling Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Zigong (EX-CA 1), and the Bian stone plate was placed on the needle hand for warm compress. Colporrhagia, menstrual return, soreness of waist and other symptoms after the operation were observed. RESULTS: After SHI's Bian stone comprehensive therapy, in the patient of induced abortion the colporrhagia volume was less within 3 days after the operation and the colporrhagia stopped more early; of the 30 cases, only 2 has soreness of waist, abdominal pain, fearing cool and other symptoms, and only one case had obviously delayed mestrual cycle. CONCLUSION: SHI's Bian stone comprehensive therapy used in peri-operative period of induced abortion has a good promoting action on post operative rehabilitation.