Corrigendum: Intrinsic factors driving mosquito vector competence and viral evolution: a review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1330600.].

Intrinsic factors driving mosquito vector competence and viral evolution: a review.

Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of numerous viruses of global health significance. The term "vector competence" describes the intrinsic ability of an arthropod vector to transmit an infectious agent. Prior to transmission, the mosquito itself presents a complex and hostile environment through which a virus must transit to ensure propagation and transmission to the next host. Viruses imbibed in an infectious blood meal must pass in and out of the mosquito midgut, traffic through the body cavity or hemocoel, invade the salivary glands, and be expelled with the saliva when the vector takes a subsequent blood meal. Viruses encounter physical, cellular, microbial, and immunological barriers, which are influenced by the genetic background of the mosquito vector as well as environmental conditions. Collectively, these factors place significant selective pressure on the virus that impact its evolution and transmission. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of the field in understanding the mosquito-specific factors that underpin vector competence and how each of these mechanisms may influence virus evolution.

Campus sexual assault climate surveys: A brief exploration of publicly available reports.

OBJECTIVE: Despite popularity of climate surveys as a tool produce accurate data on campus sexual assault, little is known about how campuses are administering these surveys, what they are assessing, and what they are finding. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 105 campus climate survey reports was located with an internet search during the 2015-2016 academic year. METHODS: Review of climate survey reports assessed the methodology used, such as sampling method, use of incentives and sample size and response rate. Document review also assessed the topics included in the climate survey reports and key findings related to victimization, perpetration, and student knowledge of resources. RESULTS: Most campuses reported victimization rates, but few reported perpetration rates. Students generally express confidence in their knowledge of campus resources, but reporting of sexual violence was low. CONCLUSION: Climate surveys are inconsistent and do not always use scientifically sound measurement. Suggestions for improving climate surveys are discussed.