Impact of hematite on dust absorption at wavelengths ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 µm: an evaluation of literature data using the T-matrix method.

Hematite is the absorbing mineral component of dust aerosols in the shortwave spectral region. However, dust shortwave absorption related to hematite suffers from significant uncertainties. In this study, we evaluated available hematite complex refractive index data in the literature on determining the dust effective refractive index at wavelengths ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 µm using rigorous T-matrix methods. Both spherical and super-spheroidal dust with hematite inclusions were examined to compute the dust optical properties and associated effective refractive indices. We found that the imaginary part of the effective refractive index retrieved from all available hematite complex refractive index data is larger than the measured effective values from Di Biagio et al. [Atmos. Chem. Phys.19, 15503, (2019)10.5194/acp-19-15503-2019]. The result obtained using the hematite refractive index from Hsu and Matijevic [Appl. Opt.241623 (1985)10.1364/AO.24.001623] is closest to but approximately two times larger than Di Biagio et al. [Atmos. Chem. Phys.19, 15503, (2019)10.5194/acp-19-15503-2019]. Our results emphasize the importance of accurate measurements of mineral refractive indices to clarify the dust absorption enigma.

[Cloning of Scutellaria viscidula CHS gene and construction of its sense and antisense plant expression vectors].

OBJECTIVE: To get Scutellaria viscidula CHS gene sense and antisense plant expression vectors,and explore the mechanism of CHS's effect on the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway through the transformation of Scutellaria viscidula. METHODS: CHS gene fragment was amplified by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) from total RNA of Scutellaria viscidula and cloned into PMD18-T vector, sequenced and bioinformaticly analyzed. RESULTS: The DNA sequence was correct and we simultaneously guessed the amino acid sequence and the three-dimensional structure of CHS. Cloned fragments and pCAMBIA1304+ vector were digested using Blg II and BstE II at the same time, then they were connected with CHS gene fragment and pCAMBIAI304+ big skeleton fragment to get CHS sense and antisense plant expression vectors. CONCLUSION: The successful construction of Scutellaria viscidula CHS gene sense and antisense plant expression vectors, and the transformation into C58C1 and LBA4404 through the freeze-thaw method, lay the foundation for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Scutellaria viscidula CHS gene in plant heredity.