RESUMO
Sepsis and sepsis-like illness in neonates and infants are serious emergencies. Recently, human parechovirus type 3 (HPeV-3) has been identified as a further etiologic agent of these conditions. We report two unlinked cases of infant HPeV-3 sepsis-like illness whose sources could be traced back to elder siblings with mild gastroenteritis and respiratory symptoms.
Assuntos
Infecções por Picornaviridae/virologia , Sepse/virologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Gastroenterite/virologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Parechovirus , Infecções por Picornaviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Picornaviridae/transmissão , RNA Viral , Sepse/diagnóstico , Sepse/transmissão , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Irmãos , Carga ViralRESUMO
Nonparenteral transmission might contribute to human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) infections in sub-Saharan Africa. PARV4 DNA was detected in 8 (0.83%) of 961 nasal samples and 5 (0.53%) of 943 fecal samples from 1,904 children in Ghana. Virus concentrations ≤ 6-7 log(10) copies/mL suggest respiratory or fecal-oral modes of PARV4 transmission.
Assuntos
Fezes/virologia , Cavidade Nasal/virologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Parvovirus/genética , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/virologia , Feminino , Gana/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Infecções por Parvoviridae/transmissão , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Parvovirus/classificação , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
We compared two novel Qiagen QS-RGQ viral load assays with the established Abbott RealTime assays on a highly diversified panel of 121 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 107 hepatitis C virus (HCV) specimens. The quantifications correlated well for all HIV and HCV types, but Qiagen yielded higher HCV concentrations than Abbott, predominantly in genotypes 4 and 5.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV/isolamento & purificação , Hepacivirus/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite C/virologia , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Plasma/virologia , Carga Viral/métodos , HumanosRESUMO
Influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus RNA was detected by reverse transcription-PCR in 144 clinical samples from Bonn, Germany. A common rapid antigen-based test detected the virus in only 11.1% of these samples. The paramount feature of rapid test-positive samples was high virus concentration. Antigen-based rapid tests appear unsuitable for virologic diagnostics in the current pandemic.
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/sangue , Surtos de Doenças , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Reações Falso-Negativas , Humanos , Lactente , Influenza Humana/sangue , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Testes Sorológicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Saffold virus (SAFV) is classified into the Cardiovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. Up to now, eleven genotypes have been identified however, their clinical significance remains unclear. Here, we investigated the presence of SAFV in asymptomatic patients admitted for adenoidectomy. A total of 70 adenoid tissue samples were collected from children with clinical symptoms caused by hypertrophy of adenoids but without symptoms of airway infection. Samples were investigated for SAFV by RT-nested PCR and sequence analysis. Eleven of 70 (15.7%) samples were positive for SAFV. Nasopharyngeal swabs were available from 45 children just before surgery. SAFV was rarely found and only in children with SAFV-positive adenoids 2/8. Our findings indicate that the presence of SAFV seems to be more frequent in adenoid tissue than expected. This could support the notion of a longer than previously anticipated persistence of SAFV nucleic acids in the respiratory tract and possibly a chronic infection. Further investigations are necessary to establish the role of SAFV infection in humans.
Assuntos
Tonsila Faríngea/virologia , Cardiovirus/isolamento & purificação , Hipertrofia/virologia , Picornaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Adenoidectomia , Tonsila Faríngea/patologia , Cardiovirus/patogenicidade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Hipertrofia/patologia , Masculino , Nasofaringe/virologia , Picornaviridae/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Background Several approaches exist to screen neonates for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. We here describe a new method using cellulose pads for urine collection and its evaluation in an experimental and a clinical setting. Methods We systematically tested the effect of storage duration of the pads after exposure to cytomegalovirus-positive urine, meconium contamination and specimen handling on the cytomegalovirus load and the detection rate. Further, the method was tested in clinical practice in a cohort of 500 neonates. Results Following exposure of urine pads with cytomegalovirus-positive urine, the viral load decreased after 15 min, 12 h, 24 h, and 7 days to 63.2%, 42.1%, 31.6%, and 9.3% of the baseline value. Cytomegalovirus detection rate after seven days was 100%. Contamination with meconium resulted in a comparable reduction of the viral load. The detection rate for dried urine pads after seven days was 93.3%. In clinical practice, urine collection from pads was successful in 73.6% by the first attempt and in 26.4% by the second attempt. Conclusions Urine collection using cellulose pads seems feasible regardless of a reduction of the cytomegalovirus load due to exposure to the pad itself or to meconium. Drying of the exposed urine pad should be avoided.
Assuntos
Celulose/química , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Citomegalovirus , Urina/química , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Triagem Neonatal , Coleta de Urina/normasAssuntos
Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Parvovirus/classificação , Viremia/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , DNA Viral/sangue , Feminino , Genótipo , Gana/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Parvovirus/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Carga Viral , Viremia/virologiaAssuntos
Bancos de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus/isolamento & purificação , Plasma , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos/estatística & dados numéricos , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Infecções por Parvoviridae/sangue , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/transmissão , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is a recently identified virus whose biology, epidemiology and pathogenic potential have yet to be determined. Recently, it was reported that PARV4 DNA persists in tissues of some HIV-infected individuals, whilst PARV4 DNA was not detected in tissues of subjects not infected with HIV. In the present study, liver tissue from 87 individuals, none of who were infected with HIV, with the exception of a single subject, was analyzed for the presence of PARV4 DNA. Overall, PARV4 DNA was detected in 13 specimens (15%). In other tissues examined, PARV4 genotype 2 (also termed PARV5) DNA was detected in one of four paired bone marrow specimens. Tissue viral loads did not exceed 100 copies per microg of genomic DNA. In addition, serum samples from 40 of these individuals all tested negative for PARV4 DNA. In the subjects analyzed in this study, PARV4 genotype 2 appeared to be genetically more heterogeneous than PARV4 genotype 1. The results show that PARV4 DNA can be detected in liver, and that infection with PARV4 is not restricted to HIV-infected individuals. Previous studies showing the presence of PARV4 in plasma, suggest that during infection with PARV4, a viraemic stage occurs, allowing systemic spread to a variety of tissues.