Low-level laser therapy attenuates creatine kinase levels and apoptosis during forced swimming in rats.

Studies suggest that high-intensity physical exercise can cause damage to skeletal muscles, resulting in muscle soreness, fatigue, inflammatory processes and cell apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on a decrease in creatine kinase (CK) levels and cell apoptosis. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two equal groups: group 1 (control), resistance swimming; group 2 (LLLT), resistance swimming with LLLT. They were subjected to a single application of indium gallium aluminum phosphide (InGaAlP) laser immediately following the exercise for 40 s at an output power of 100 mW, wavelength 660 nm and 133.3 J/cm(2). The groups were subdivided according to sample collection time: 24 h and 48 h. CK was measured before and both 24 h and 48 h after the test. Samples of the gastrocnemius muscle were processed to determine the presence of apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling. (There was a significant difference in CK levels between groups (P < 0.0001) as well as between the 24 h and 48 h levels in the control group, whereas there was no significant intra-group difference in the LLLT group at the same evaluation times. In the LLLT group there were 66.3 +/- 13.2 apoptotic cells after 24 h and 39.0 +/- 6.8 apoptotic cells after 48 h. The results suggest that LLLT influences the metabolic profile of animals subjected to fatigue by lowering serum levels of CK. This demonstrates that LLLT can act as a preventive tool against cell apoptosis experienced during high-intensity physical exercise.

Intermittent Fasting Attenuates Exercise Training-Induced Cardiac Remodeling. / Dieta Intermitente Atenua a Remodelação Cardíaca Causada pelo Exercício Físico.

BACKGROUND: The effects of non-pharmacological interventions such as calorie restriction and exercise training on health and prevention of cardiovascular diseases have been investigated in clinical and experimental studies. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of intermittent fasting and exercise training on functional fitness, glycemia and cardiac remodeling. METHODS: Wistar rats (n=60) were randomly divided into four groups: control, exercise training (ET), intermittent fasting (IF) and exercise training plus intermittent fasting (ETI). Over 12 weeks, control and ET animals were fed daily a standard commercial diet ad libitum , while IF and ETI animals were fed every other day. In addition, the ET and ETI groups were submitted to a running protocol on a treadmill. After this period, functional fitness, nutritional parameters and blood glucose levels were analyzed. In addition to heart morphology, myocardial protein expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was assessed by Western-blot. The results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test. The level of significance considered was 5%. RESULTS: Exercise training increased functional fitness in the ET and ETI groups and promoted cardiac fibrosis. The combination of intermittent fasting and exercise training resulted in a smaller area under the blood glucose curve and reduced cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and interstitial collagen fraction in the ETI group compared to ET. ERK and JNK expression levels were similar among groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent fasting is associated with improved glucose tolerance and attenuates cardiac remodeling induced by exercise training (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):184-193).

FUNDAMENTO: A influência de intervenções não farmacológicas como restrição calórica e exercício físico sobre a saúde e prevenção de enfermidades cardíacas tem sido documentada em estudos clínicos e experimentais. OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência da combinação entre dieta intermitente e exercício físico sobre a capacidade funcional, metabolismo glicêmico e remodelação cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 60 ratos Wistar machos distribuídos em quatro grupos: Controle (C), Exercício Físico (EF), Dieta Intermitente (DI) e Exercício Físico e Dieta Intermitente (EDI). Durante 12 semanas, enquanto C e EF foram tratados diariamente com dieta comercial padrão ad libitum, DI e EDI receberam dieta similar em dias alternados com dias de jejum. Os grupos EF e EDI foram submetidos a protocolo de corrida em esteira rolante. Posteriormente, foram analisadas capacidade funcional, comportamento nutricional e metabolismo glicêmico. Além da morfologia do coração, a expressão proteica das proteínas extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) e c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) no coração foi avaliada por Western-blot. A análise dos resultados foi feita por meio de Two-Way ANOVA e teste de Student-Newman-Keuls. O nível de significância considerado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: O exercício físico aumentou a capacidade funcional nos grupos EF e EDI, e acarretou fibrose cardíaca. A combinação entre dieta intermitente e exercício físico resultou em menor área sob a curva de glicemia e menores medidas de área e interstício cardíaco no EDI em relação ao EF. A expressão de proteínas ERK e JNK foi similar entre os grupos (p>0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Dieta intermitente se associa com melhor tolerância glicêmica e atenua o processo de remodelação cardíaca decorrente do exercício físico. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):184-193).

Influence of laser (660 nm) on functional recovery of the sciatic nerve in rats following crushing lesion.

With the aim of accelerating the regenerative processes, the objective was to study the influence of gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) laser (660 nm) on functional and histomorphological recovery of the sciatic nerve in rats. The sciatic nerves of 12 Wistar rats were crushed divided into two groups: control and laser therapy. For the latter, GaAlAs laser was utilized (660 nm, 4 J/cm(2), 26.3 mW and 0.63 cm(2) beam), at three equidistant points on the lesion, for 20 days. Comparison of the sciatic functional index (SFI) showed that there was a significant difference only between the pre-lesion value of the laser therapy group and that after the 21st day in the control group. It was concluded that the parameters and methods utilized demonstrated positive results regarding the SFI over the time period evaluated.

Effect of laser therapy (660 nm) on recovery of the sciatic nerve in rats after injury through neurotmesis followed by epineural anastomosis.

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) laser (660 nm) on the myelin sheath and functional recovery of the sciatic nerve in rats. The sciatic nerves of 12 Wistar rats were subjected to injury through neurotmesis and epineural anastomosis, and the animals were divided into two groups: group 1 was the control and group 2, underwent low-level laser therapy (LLLT). After the injury, AlGaAs laser at 660 nm, 4 J/cm(2), 26.3 mW and beam area of 0.63 cm(2) was administered to three equidistant points on the injury for 20 consecutive days. In the control group the mean area of the myelin impairment was 0.51 (+/- 0.11) on day 21 after the operation, whereas this value was 1.31 (+/- 0.22) in the LLLT group. Student's t-test revealed a P value = 0.0229 for the mean area values of the myelin sheath between the LLLT and control groups. Comparison of the sciatic functional index (SFI) showed that there was no significant difference between the pre-lesion value in the laser therapy group and the control group. The use of AlGaAs laser (660 nm) provided significant changes to the morphometrically assessed area of the myelin sheath, but it did not culminate in positive results for functional recovery in the sciatic nerve of the rats after injury through neurotmesis.

Morphometric and histological analysis of low-power laser influence on bone morphogenetic protein in bone defects repair.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted signaling molecules belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily. The objective of this study was to determine how gallium-aluminum-arsenium (GaAlAs) 650 nm laser influenced the action of BMPs on bone defects created in rat femurs. The sample consisted of 24 male albino Wistar rats. Group 1 was composed of rats with bone defects filled with bone-inducing substance, with the application of low-power laser. Group 2 contained rats with bone defects filled with a bone-inducing substance, without the application of low-power laser. Group 3 rats had bone defects not filled with a bone-inducing substance, with the application of low-power laser. Group 4 rats had bone defects and no treatment (control group). A bone defect was produced with drills. In groups 1 and 2 the defects were filled with a bone-inducing substance. The animals were treated with GaAlAs (50 mW) laser, energy density 4 J/cm(2), for 80 ss on a 1 cm(2) area. Groups 2 and 4 were used as control. Bone samples were removed for histological procedures and morphometric analysis on the 7th, 14th and 21st days after surgery. Results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Rejection level for the null hypothesis was 0.05. Statistical differences were found in the comparison between group 1 (G1), G2, G3 and G4 [analysis of variance (ANOVA); P < 0.0134]. There was a statistically significant correlation between groups 1 and 4 (P < 0.01). The results of other correlations by Tukey's post-hoc test were: group 1 vs group 3 (P = 0.341), group 1 vs group 2 (P = 0.862), group 2 vs group 4 (P = 0.061), group 2 vs group 3 (P = 0.744), and group 3 vs group 4 (P = 0.249). We concluded that the association of low-power laser with a bone-inducing substance produced better results than when low-power laser or BMPs were used alone.

Could current factors be associated with retrospective sports injuries in Brazilian jiu-jitsu? A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Brazilian jiu-jitsu is characterized by musculoskeletal disorders and high occurrence of sports injuries. The present study was aimed to analyze some internal factors, as well as to describe occurrence and characteristics of retrospective musculoskeletal injuries in different age groups of Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners. METHODS: One hundred ninety-three Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners, which were divided into three age groups: Adolescent, Adult, and Master. Besides anthropometric characterization, standard clinical tests were conducted to analyze the global and segmental joint flexibility, lumbar spine range of motion, and handgrip strength. Sports injury occurrence and total physical activity were obtained from an adapted morbidity survey and International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF), respectively. RESULTS: A total of 247 cases of retrospective injuries was registered (1.27 injury/ participant). Occurrence of rectus femoral muscle retraction in the right leg was increased within Master. Adult and Master have exhibited higher occurrence of sports injuries than Adolescent group (p < 0.05). Joint injuries were the most common sports-related injuries by all Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners. While female gender and exposure time constituted the most predictive variables for sports injury occurrence in Adolescent, graduation level was more associated with sports injuries occurrence in Adult. CONCLUSIONS: Joint injuries derived from combat demands were the main sports injury in all age categories of Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Master subjects presented a higher occurrence of clinical changes and retrospective musculoskeletal injuries in relation to other age groups. Female gender and exposure time constituted the main predictive factors in adolescent subjects, while graduation category was more directly associated with retrospective injury onset in the Adult group.

Analysis of the influence of low-power HeNe laser on the healing of skin wounds in diabetic and non-diabetic rats.

PURPOSE: To study the influence of HeNe laser irradiation on the collagen percentage in surgically-induced skin wounds in rats with and without alloxan-induced diabetes, by morphometric analysis of collagen fibers. METHODS: 48 male Wistar rats were used, divided into groups: laser-treated diabetic (group 1); untreated diabetic (group 2); treated non-diabetic (group 3); and untreated non-diabetic (group 4). For groups 1 and 2, diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan (2,4,5,6-tetraoxypyrimidine; 5,6-dioxyuracil; Sigma), into the dorsal vein of the penis, at a rate of 0.1 ml of solution per 100 g of body weight. A wound was made on the back of all the animals. Groups 1 and 3 were treated with HeNe laser (4 J/cm2) for 60 s. One animal from each group was sacrificed on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after wounding. Samples were taken, embedded in paraffin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome, and morphometrically analyzed using the Imagelab software. The percentages of collagen fibers were determined from the samples from the euthanasia animals. The data were treated statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Student t and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The significance level was set at 0.05 or 5%. RESULTS: The results obtained from the samples taken on the third, seventh and fourteenth days after wounding demonstrated that the laser-treated group presented a statistically significant (p<0.05) greater mean quantity of collagen fibers than in the non-treated group, both for diabetic rats (p = 0.0104) and for non-diabetic rats (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: The low-power laser (632.8 nm) was shown to be capable of influencing the collagen percentage in skin wounds by increasing the mean quantity of collagen fibers, both for the diabetic and for the non-diabetic group.

Histological study of tendon healing in malnourished Wistar rats treated with ultrasound therapy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of therapeutic ultrasound on the healing of tendon injuries in malnourished rats. METHODS: After the intended nutritional states had been attained, the animals (N=36) were distributed into three groups, named: G1(N=12), control group; G2(N=12), malnourished rats treated with 3 MHz ultrasound at an intensity of 0.5 W/cm(2); and G3 (N=12), normal animals treated with 3 MHz at 0.5 W/cm(2). The injuries were induced by means of an operation to expose the heel tendon and crush it using Allis forceps. RESULTS: The data obtained relating to leukocyte counts, fibroblasts, vessel neoformation, fibrosis and collagen were subjected to statistical treatment using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t test. Results of p < 0.05 were obtained for fibrosis and collagen. CONCLUSION: The ultrasound was shown to be effective in repairing the tendon, even in malnourished animals whose healing process was retarded.

Effect of 650 nm low-power laser on bone morphogenetic protein in bone defects induced in rat femors.

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of 650 nm GaAlAs laser on the action of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in bone defects produced in rat femurs. METHODS: The sample consisted of 12 male albino Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The animals were randomly divided into four experimental groups. After undergoing anesthesia, the fur was removed from the lateral face of the right thigh and surgical dissection was performed to view the femur region. A bone defect was created using a spherical diamond-tipped drill bit. In groups 1 and 2, the defect was filled with a paste of Gen-Tech bone-inducing substance. The animals were treated with GaAlAs laser, at a predetermined dose of joules/cm(2) for 80 seconds, over an area of 1 cm(2). Groups 2 and 4 were used as controls. Bone samples were removed to perform histological procedures and morphometric analyses on the 7th, 14th and 21st days after the operation. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA variance according to two criteria, with four repetitions, followed by the post hoc t test. The rejection level for the nullity hypothesis was 0.05 or 5% (alpha < or = 0.05). RESULTS: In comparisons between G1, G2, G3 and G4, p = 0.024 was observed. In statistical comparisons using the t test for paired samples, only G1 vs. G4 presented a statistically significant result (p = 0.021). CONCLUSION: The association of low-power laser application and Gen-Tech bone-inducing substance achieved a better result than laser application alone or BMP use alone.

Dieta Intermitente Atenua a Remodelação Cardíaca Causada pelo Exercício Físico / Intermittent Fasting Attenuates Exercise Training-Induced Cardiac Remodeling

Resumo Fundamento A influência de intervenções não farmacológicas como restrição calórica e exercício físico sobre a saúde e prevenção de enfermidades cardíacas tem sido documentada em estudos clínicos e experimentais. Objetivo Analisar a influência da combinação entre dieta intermitente e exercício físico sobre a capacidade funcional, metabolismo glicêmico e remodelação cardíaca. Métodos Foram utilizados 60 ratos Wistar machos distribuídos em quatro grupos: Controle (C), Exercício Físico (EF), Dieta Intermitente (DI) e Exercício Físico e Dieta Intermitente (EDI). Durante 12 semanas, enquanto C e EF foram tratados diariamente com dieta comercial padrão ad libitum, DI e EDI receberam dieta similar em dias alternados com dias de jejum. Os grupos EF e EDI foram submetidos a protocolo de corrida em esteira rolante. Posteriormente, foram analisadas capacidade funcional, comportamento nutricional e metabolismo glicêmico. Além da morfologia do coração, a expressão proteica das proteínas extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) e c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) no coração foi avaliada por Western-blot. A análise dos resultados foi feita por meio de Two-Way ANOVA e teste de Student-Newman-Keuls. O nível de significância considerado foi de 5%. Resultados O exercício físico aumentou a capacidade funcional nos grupos EF e EDI, e acarretou fibrose cardíaca. A combinação entre dieta intermitente e exercício físico resultou em menor área sob a curva de glicemia e menores medidas de área e interstício cardíaco no EDI em relação ao EF. A expressão de proteínas ERK e JNK foi similar entre os grupos (p>0,05). Conclusões Dieta intermitente se associa com melhor tolerância glicêmica e atenua o processo de remodelação cardíaca decorrente do exercício físico. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):184-193)

Abstract Background The effects of non-pharmacological interventions such as calorie restriction and exercise training on health and prevention of cardiovascular diseases have been investigated in clinical and experimental studies. Objective To analyze the influence of intermittent fasting and exercise training on functional fitness, glycemia and cardiac remodeling. Methods Wistar rats (n=60) were randomly divided into four groups: control, exercise training (ET), intermittent fasting (IF) and exercise training plus intermittent fasting (ETI). Over 12 weeks, control and ET animals were fed daily a standard commercial diet ad libitum , while IF and ETI animals were fed every other day. In addition, the ET and ETI groups were submitted to a running protocol on a treadmill. After this period, functional fitness, nutritional parameters and blood glucose levels were analyzed. In addition to heart morphology, myocardial protein expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was assessed by Western-blot. The results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test. The level of significance considered was 5%. Results Exercise training increased functional fitness in the ET and ETI groups and promoted cardiac fibrosis. The combination of intermittent fasting and exercise training resulted in a smaller area under the blood glucose curve and reduced cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and interstitial collagen fraction in the ETI group compared to ET. ERK and JNK expression levels were similar among groups (p>0.05). Conclusions Intermittent fasting is associated with improved glucose tolerance and attenuates cardiac remodeling induced by exercise training (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):184-193)

Effects of pre- or post-exercise low-level laser therapy (830 nm) on skeletal muscle fatigue and biochemical markers of recovery in humans: double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) before and after exercise on quadriceps muscle performance, and to evaluate the changes in serum lactate and creatine kinase (CK) levels. METHODS: The study was randomized, double blind, and placebo controlled. PATIENTS: A sample of 27 healthy volunteers (male soccer players) were divided into three groups: placebo, pre-fatigue laser, and post-fatigue laser. The experiment was performed in two sessions, with a 1 week interval between them. Subjects performed two sessions of stretching followed by blood collection (measurement of lactate and CK) at baseline and after fatigue of the quadriceps by leg extension. LLLT was applied to the femoral quadriceps muscle using an infrared laser device (830 nm), 0.0028 cm(2) beam area, six 60 mW diodes, energy of 0.6 J per diode (total energy to each limb 25.2 J (50.4 J total), energy density 214.28 J/cm(2), 21.42 W/cm(2) power density, 70 sec per leg. We measured the time to fatigue and number and maximum load (RM) of repetitions tolerated. Number of repetitions and time until fatigue were primary outcomes, secondary outcomes included serum lactate levels (measured before and 5, 10, and 15 min after exercise), and CK levels (measured before and 5 min after exercise). RESULTS: The number of repetitions (p=0.8965), RM (p=0.9915), and duration of fatigue (p=0.8424) were similar among the groups. Post-fatigue laser treatment significantly decreased the serum lactate concentration relative to placebo treatment (p<0.01) and also within the group over time (after 5 min vs. after 10 and 15 min, p<0.05 both). The CK level was lower in the post-fatigue laser group (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Laser application either before or after fatigue reduced the post-fatigue concentrations of serum lactate and CK. The results were more pronounced in the post-fatigue laser group.

Independência funcional de idosos submetidos à ventilação mecânica invasiva: importância para o desfecho clínico e efeitos da hospitalização / Functional independence of elderly patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation: importance for the clinical outcome and effects of hospitalization

Objetivos: Verificar a importância da medida da independência funcional (MIF) nos desfechos clínicos de idosos mecanicamente ventilados e analisar os fatores de risco associados à mortalidade. Métodos: Coorte prospectiva de pacientes submetidos a VMI, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo não sobrevivente ­ óbito na internação e Grupo sobrevivente ­ alta hospitalar. Resultados: A MIF antes da internação na UTI foi em média para o grupo não sobrevivente 94,8 e para o grupo sobrevivente 113,4 pontos (p=0,0062) e se relacionou com maior risco de óbito (p<0,0001; RR=2,37; IC 95%=1,43 a 3,93). Nos 27 pacientes avaliados após 6 meses houve recuperação da MIF a valores próximos (103,0 pontos) comparados ao momento antes da internação na UTI (113,4). Conclusões: A redução da MIF relacionou-se com maior risco de óbito. A mortalidade observada na internação foi alta com 59,0%. A MIF sofreu redução significativa após a internação na UTI e 6 meses após a alta da UTI recuperou-se a valores semelhantes se comparada a antes da internação.

Objectives: To verify the importance of Functional Independence Measure (FIM) on clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated elderly and analyze risk factors associated with mortality. Methods: A prospective cohort of patients receiving IMV, divided into two groups: non survivor group - Hospital death and survivor Group - discharge. Results: FIM before admission to the ICU was on average for the non-survivor group 94.8 and for the surviving group 113.4 points (p=0.0062) and was associated with increased risk of death (p<0.0001, RR=2.37, 95% CI=1.43- 3.93). In the 27 patients evaluated after 6 months there was recovery of the FIM at approximate values (103.0 points) when compared to the moment before ICU admission (113.4). Conclusions: The reduction in FIM was associated with an increased risk of death. Mortality observed at admission was high at 59.0%. FIM suffered a significant reduction after admission to the ICU and 6 months after discharge from the ICU recovered to similar values when compared to before hospitalization.

Correlation between Dorsiflexion Ankle Range of Motion and Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome / Correlação Entre a Amplitude da Dorsiflexão do Tornozelo e Síndrome da Dor Patelofemoral

The change in lower extremity movement pattern has been previously associated with severe knee disorders, including anterior cruciate ligament rupture, patellar tendinopathy, iliotibial band syndrome, and patellofemoral pain (PFP). The aim of this study was to verify the clinical reliability of ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ADROM) measurement with weight bearing (WB) using an app on the smartphone (iHand) and to verify if there is correlation between the limitation of the ADROM and the PFP. A total of 67 women, mean age 34.3 ± 2.4, height 182 ± 3.6, weight 73.7 ± 4.2, were allocated to the control group (n = 23) and the PFP group (n = 23). Two examiners evaluated the active ADROM (lunge test) in both ankles at two times to test inter-examiner and intra-examiner reliability. It was observed in the PFP group that the mean ADROM was 17.7 ± 2.5 and the control group was 35.3 ± 6.2 (right) and 17.1 ± 2.9 and 32.9 ± 5, 4 (left). It is concluded that the use of the smartphone app proved to be reliable for clinical application in the evaluation of ADROM with WB and that there is a relation between the low DFT of DFT with the presence of patellofemoral pain. (AU).

A alteração no padrão de movimento da extremidade inferior tem sido previamente associada com severas desordens do joelho, incluindo a ruptura do ligamento cruzado anterior, tendinopatia patelar, síndrome da banda iliotibial e dor patelofemoral - DPF. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a confiabilidade clínica da mensuração da dorsiflexão de tornozelo - DFT com descarga de peso - WB utilizando um app no smartphone (iHand) e verificar se há correlação entre a limitação da DFT com a DPF. Participaram 67 mulheres, idade média 34,3±2,4, altura 182±3,6, peso 73,7±4,2, alocadas em grupo controle (n=23) e grupo DFP (n=23). Dois examinadores avaliaram a DFT ativa (lunge test) em ambos os tornozelos em dois momentos para se testar a confiabilidade inter-examinador e intra-examinador. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse - CCI foi utilizado para a análise da confiabilidade das medidas. Observou-se alta confiabilidade (0,9965 [p<0,0001]) e (0,9949 [p<0,0001]) para tornozelo direito e esquerdo respectivamente. Observou-se no grupo DFP que a ADM média de DFT foi de 17,7±2,5 e grupo controle de 35,3±6,2 (direito) e 17,1±2,9 e 32,9±5,4 (esquerdo). Conclui-se que a utilização do app de smartphone se mostrou confiável para aplicação clínica na avaliação da DFT com WB e que há relação entre a baixa ADM de DFT com a presença de dor patelofemoral. (AU).

Effect of low-level laser therapy (660 nm) on acute inflammation induced by tenotomy of Achilles tendon in rats.

In this study, we aimed to analyze the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT; 660 nm) on levels of protein expression of inflammatory mediators after cutting Achilles tendon of rats. Thirty Wistar male rats underwent partial incisions of the left Achilles tendon, and were divided into three groups of 10 animals according to the time of euthanasia after injury: 6, 24 and 72 h. Each group was then divided into control group and LLLT group (treated with 100 mW, 3.57 W cm(-2), 0.028 cm(2), 214 J cm(-2), 6 J, 60 s, single point). In LLLT group, animals were treated once time per day until the time of euthanasia established for each group. The group treated with LLLT showed a significant reduction of IL-1ß compared with control groups at three time points (6 h: P=0.0401; 24 h: P=0.0015; 72 h: P=0.0463). The analysis of IL-6 showed significant reduction only in the LLLT group at 72 h compared with control group (P=0.0179), whereas IL-10 showed a significant increase in the treated group compared with control group at three experimental times (6 h: P=0.0007; 24 h: P=0.0256; 72 h: P<0.0001). We conclude that LLLT is an important modulator of inflammatory cytokines release after injury in Achilles tendon.

Influence of ingaalp laser (660nm) on the healing of skin wounds in diabetic rats.

PURPOSE: To determine the influence of low-power laser (660 nm) on the collagen percentage and macrophages in skin wounds in diabetic rats. METHODS: 30 male Wistar rats were used, distributed in two groups: laser treated diabetic (n= 15); untreated diabetic (n = 15). The diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan into the dorsal vein of the penis, at a rate of 0.1 ml of solution per 100 g of body weight. A wound was made on the back of all the animals. Groups 2 were treated with Aluminium Gallium Indium Phosphide - InGaAlP type diode laser (Photon Laser III DMC) with a continuous output power of 100 mW and wavelength (lambda) of 660 nm (4 J/cm(2)) for 24 s. five animal from each group was sacrificed on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after wounding. Samples were taken, embedded in paraffin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical macrophage. morphometrically analyzed using the Image Pro Plus 4.5 software. The percentages of collagen fibers and macrophages were determined from the samples from the euthanasia animals. RESULTS: The data were treated statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Post-hocTukey test. The significance level was set at 0.05 or 5%. CONCLUSION: The low-power laser (660 nm) was shown to be capable of influencing the collagen percentage in skin wounds by increasing the mean quantity of collagen fibers and macrophages.

Lung apoptosis after intra-pulmonary instillation of Benzo(a)pyrene in Wistar rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of pulmonary instillation of Benzo[a]pyrene in lung apoptosis of Wistar rats. METHODS: Male Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar lineage was carried through an intra-pulmonary instillation of the Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) dilution in alcohol 70%. Three experimental groups had been formed with 08 animals each: Control Group (Alcohol 70%); B[a]P Group 40 mg/kg; e B[a]P Group 80mg/kg, submitted to euthanasia 16 and 18 weeks after the experimental procedure. The pulmonary sections had been processed by TUNEL method and submitted to the histomorphometric analysis to quantify the apoptotic cell number. RESULTS: After 16 weeks, mean of apoptotic cells number in control group (19,3 + or - 3,2) was greater than 40mg/Kg group (11,8 + or - 1,9; p<0,01) and 80mg/Kg group (7,0 + or - 1,4; p<0,01). Significant difference also observed between 40mg/Kg and 80mg/Kg (p<0,05). After 18 weeks, mean of apoptotic cells number in control group (18,0 + or - 2,2) was greater than 40mg/Kg group (8,8 + or - 1,7; p<0,01) and 80mg/Kg group (5,5 + or - 1,3; p<0,01). Significant difference wasn't observed between 40mg/Kg and 80mg/Kg (ns). CONCLUSION: Intra-pulmonary instillation of Benzo[a]pyrene induces significant decrease of apoptotic activity in lung tissue.

Confiabilidade e aplicabilidade de dois métodos de avaliação da amplitude de movimento de dorsiflexão do tornozelo / Reliability and applicability of two methods for evaluating the range of motion for ankle dorsiflexion

Introdução: A limitação da amplitude de movimento de dorsiflexão é o parâmetro mais utilizado na avaliação e evolução da abordagem fisioterapêutica. Objetivos: Avaliar a confiabilidade e aplicabilidade da goniometria e do teste Weight-Bearing para a mensuração de dorsiflexão do tornozelo. Método: Participaram 25 voluntários, do sexo masculino, com idade média de 38,81 (± 6,26), distribuídos em dois grupos: G1 (n=13 Não-atleta) e G2 (n=12 Atletas). A medida da dorsiflexão do tornozelo foi realizada com goniômetro universal adaptado com haste metálica de 45 cm e por meio do teste Weigth-Bearing. Os dois métodos foram aplicados nos participantes por três examinadores, cada um efetuando a mensuração seis vezes. Com o ICC, verificou-se a confiabilidade dos testes. Resultados: Obtiveram-se ICC de 0,98 na goniometria, para o G1, e 0,97, para o G2. Já para o Weight-Bearing, obteve-se ICC de 0,98 para o G1 e o mesmo para o G2. Todas essas medidas foram consideradas muito elevadas. Conclusão: Ambos os métodos são de alta confiabilidade para aplicação clínica nessas condições experimentais.

Introduction: The limitation of the dorsiflexion movement range is the most used parameter in evaluation and evolution of physiotherapeutic approach. Objective: To evaluate the inter-tester reliability and the applicability of goniometry and Weight-Bearing test for measuring the ankle dorsiflexion. Method: Twenty five volunteers, male sex, average aged 38.81 (+6.26), were included in the study and distributed in: G1 (13 non-athletes) and G2 (12 athletes). The measurement of the ankle dorsiflexion was made by using a universal goniometer, which was adapted with a 45 cm metal rod, and also by using the Weight-Bearing test. The two methods were applied in all the participants, by three clinical examiners, each of whom made the measurement six times. The ICC was used to verify the reliability of the tests. Results: In goniometry, the ICC was 0.98 for G1 and 0.97 for G2. When it comes to Weight-Bearing, the ICC was 0.98 for G1 and the same for G2. All these measures were considered high values. Conclusion: As a conclusion, it may be said that both methods are of great reliability for clinical application in these experimental conditions.

Qualidade de vida e intensidade de dor em portadores de osteoporose / Quality of life and intensity of pain on osteoporosis carriers

Objetivos: Avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) e a intensidade da dor em sujeitos portadores de osteoporose. Métodos: Foram avaliados, por meio do questionário MOS SF-36 e Escala Visual Analógica de dor (EVA), doze sujeitos portadores de osteoporose. Para as variáveis descritas pelo questionário em relação à intensidade de dor, com nível de significância estabelecido em p<0,05 foi utilizado o teste de correlação linear de Pearson. Resultados: Nos cruzamentos entre a EVA e os domínios do MOS SF-36, pode-se observar significância estatística para o estado geral de saúde, vitalidade e aspectos sociais. Observou-se baixo índice para a intensidade de dor (3,1) e escore médio de 42 com classificação em boa QV. Conclusão: A QV dos portadores de osteoporose está classificada em boa e muito boa, e os entrevistados apresentaram uma intensidade de dor considerada baixa, sugestivo de não interferir na QV da população avaliada.

Objectives: To assess the quality of life (QOL) and pain intensity in individuals with osteoporosis. Methods: We evaluated by the MOS SF-36 and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), twelve subjects with osteoporosis. For the variables described in the questionnaire regarding the intensity of pain, with significance set at p <0.05 was used to test linear correlation of Pearson. Results: At the intersections between VAS and the domains of MOS SF-36, one can observe statistical significance for the general health, vitality and social aspects. We observed a low rate for pain intensity (3.1) and the average score of 42 ranked in good QOL. Conclusion: The QOL of patients with osteoporosis is classified as good or very good, and the interviewees showed a pain intensity was low, suggesting it would not affect the QOL of the population assessed.

Influence of ingaalp laser (660nm) on the healing of skin wounds in diabetic rats / Influência do laser ingaalp (660nm) na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em ratos diabéticos

PURPOSE: To determine the influence of low-power laser (660 nm) on the collagen percentage and macrophages in skin wounds in diabetic rats. METHODS: 30 male Wistar rats were used, distributed in two groups: laser treated diabetic (n= 15); untreated diabetic (n = 15). The diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan into the dorsal vein of the penis, at a rate of 0.1 ml of solution per 100 g of body weight. A wound was made on the back of all the animals. Groups 2 were treated with Aluminium Gallium Indium Phosphide - InGaAlP type diode laser (Photon Laser III DMC®) with a continuous output power of 100 mW and wavelength (?) of 660 nm (4 J/cm²) for 24 s. five animal from each group was sacrificed on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after wounding. Samples were taken, embedded in paraffin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical macrophage. morphometrically analyzed using the Image Pro Plus 4.5 software. The percentages of collagen fibers and macrophages were determined from the samples from the euthanasia animals. RESULTS: The data were treated statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Post-hocTukey test. The significance level was set at 0.05 or 5 percent. CONCLUSION: The low-power laser (660 nm) was shown to be capable of influencing the collagen percentage in skin wounds by increasing the mean quantity of collagen fibers and macrophages.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a influência do diodo laser InGaAlP (660 nm) sobre o percentual de colágeno e macrófagos em feridas cutâneas de ratos diabéticos. MÉTODOS: Para tanto 30 ratos machos Wistar foram distribuídos em dois grupos: diabético tratado com laser (n=15), diabético não tratado (n = 15). O diabetes foi induzido por injeção intravenosa de aloxana na veia dorsal do pênis, a uma taxa de 0,1 ml de solução por 100 g de peso corporal. A lesão foi confeccionada no dorso de todos os animais utilizando um punch de 8mm. 2 grupos foram tratados com o diodo laser arsenieto de gálio e alumínio dopado com, fosforeto de índio - InGaAlP (tipo Photon Laser III DMC®) com uma potência contínua de 100 mW e comprimento de onda (?) de 660 nm (4 J/cm²) por 24 s. cinco animais de cada grupo foi sacrificado no 3, 7 e 14 dias após a lesão. As amostras obtidas foram emblocadas em parafina, coradas com hematoxilina-eosina, tricrômico de Masson, e para a analise dos macrófagos foi realizado um imunohistoquímico. Os resultados foram avaliados morfometricamente pelo programa Image Pro Plus 4.5. RESULTADOS: Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente pela análise de variância (ANOVA) e pós-teste de Tukey. O nível de significância foi fixado em 0,05 ou 5 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: O laser de baixa potência (660 nm) mostrou-se capaz de influenciar o percentual de colágeno em feridas cutâneas, aumentando a quantidade média de fibras colágenas e macrófagos.

Lung apoptosis after intra-pulmonary instillation of Benzo(a)pyrene in Wistar rats / Apoptose pulmonar após instilação intrapulmonar de Benzo(a)pireno em ratos Wistar

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of pulmonary instillation of Benzo[a]pyrene in lung apoptosis of Wistar rats. METHODS: Male Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar lineage was carried through an intra-pulmonary instillation of the Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) dilution in alcohol 70 percent. Three experimental groups had been formed with 08 animals each: Control Group (Alcohol 70 percent); B[a]P Group 40 mg/kg; e B[a]P Group 80mg/kg, submitted to euthanasia 16 and 18 weeks after the experimental procedure. The pulmonary sections had been processed by TUNEL method and submitted to the histomorphometric analysis to quantify the apoptotic cell number. RESULTS: After 16 weeks, mean of apoptotic cells number in control group (19,3±3,2) was greater than 40mg/Kg group (11,8±1,9; p<0,01) and 80mg/Kg group (7,0±1,4; p<0,01). Significant difference also observed between 40mg/Kg and 80mg/Kg (p<0,05). After 18 weeks, mean of apoptotic cells number in control group (18,0±2,2) was greater than 40mg/Kg group (8,8±1,7; p<0,01) and 80mg/Kg group (5,5±1,3; p<0,01). Significant difference wasn't observed between 40mg/Kg and 80mg/Kg (ns). CONCLUSION: Intra-pulmonary instillation of Benzo[a]pyrene induces significant decrease of apoptotic activity in lung tissue.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da instilação intrapulmonar de Benzo[a]pireno na apoptose pulmonar de ratos Wistar. MÉTODOS: Rattus norvegicus albinus, linhagem Wistar machos foram submetidos à instilação intra-pulmonar da diluição em álcool 70 por cento de Benzo[a]pireno (B[a]P). Foram formados três grupos experimentais com 08 animais cada: Grupo Controle (álcool 70 por cento); Grupo B[a]P 40 mg/kg; e Grupo B[a]P 80mg/kg, submetidos a eutanásia 16 e 18 semanas após o procedimento experimental. As secções pulmonares foram processadas pelo método TUNEL e submetidas à análise histomorfométrica para quantificação do número de células apoptóticas. RESULTADOS: Após 16 semanas, a média do número de células apoptóticas do grupo controle (19,3±3,2) mostrou-se maior que o grupo 40mg/Kg (11,8±1,9; p<0,01) e 80mh/Kg (7,0±1,4; p<0,01). Diferença significante foi também observada entre os grupos 40mg/Kg e 80mg/Kg (p<0,05). Após 18 semanas, a média do número de células apoptóticas do grupo controle (18,0±2,2) mostrou-se maior que o grupo 40mg/Kg (8,8±1,7; p<0,01) e 80mh/Kg (5,5±1,3; p<0,01). Não foi observada diferença significante entre os grupos 40 e 80mg/Kg (ns). CONCLUSÃO: A instilação intrapulmonar de Benzo[a]pireno induziu diminuição significativa da atividade apoptótica em tecido pulmonar.