Investigating Disparities in Hypopharyngeal/Laryngeal Cancer Survival in Florida With Geospatial Mapping Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Identify predictors of overall survival (OS) after hypopharyngeal/laryngeal cancer in Florida. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS) on patients diagnosed with hypopharyngeal or laryngeal cancer from 2010-2017. Primary outcome was OS. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from univariable and multivariable Cox regression models for OS. Data was analyzed from November 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023. RESULTS: We analyzed 6771 patients, who were primarily male (81.2%), White non-Hispanic (WNH) (78.2%), publicly insured (70.1%), married (51.8%), and residents of urban counties (73.6%). Black patients were more likely to be younger at diagnosis (38.9%), single (43.4%), to have distant SEER stage disease (25.6%). Median OS were lowest among patients who were uninsured (34 months), with hypopharyngeal site disease (18 months), and a smoking history (current: 34 months, former: 46 months, no smoking: 63 months). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed worse OS for single/unmarried vs married (HR 1.47 [95%CI: 1.36-1.59], P < .001), history of tobacco use (current: HR 1.62 [95%CI: 1.440-1.817], P < .001; former smokers: (HR 1.28 [95%CI: 1.139-1.437], P < .001) vs no history). Improved OS was observed among White Hispanics (WH) vs WNH (HR .73 [95%CI: .655-.817], P < .001) and women vs men (HR .88 [95%CI: .807-.954], P = .002). Geographical mapping showed that mortality rates were highest in census tracts with low income and education. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that sociodemographic and clinical factors impact OS from hypopharyngeal/laryngeal cancer in Florida and vary geographically within the state. These results will help guide future public health interventions.

Factors associated with urinary incontinence among Hispanic/Latina women in the United States: Findings from The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

PURPOSE: To identify factors associated with urinary incontinence (UI) in women of various Hispanic/Latina backgrounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a multicenter, community-based cohort study which includes a health-related questionnaire assessing presence and type of UI. Complex survey logistic regression analysis was used to assess the cross-sectional association of Hispanic/Latina backgrounds and other factors of UI. All estimates accounted for HCHS/SOL survey design. RESULTS: Of 5027 women, 33.4% answered "yes" to UI. Rates of any UI ranged from approximately 21.9% to 40.3% in women of Dominican and Puerto-Rican background, respectively. Any UI and UI subtypes were associated with age older than 65 years, increasing body mass index, smoking status, any alcohol use, parity ≥3, and postmenopausal status. After controlling for covariates and when compared with women of Mexican background, women of Dominican background were less likely to have any UI (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.30-0.57), as were women of Cuban (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.37-0.62), Puerto-Rican (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.62-1.0), and mixed (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.39-0.99) background; and women of every other background except for South American were less likely to have stress UI. In addition, women of Cuban (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.32-0.86) and mixed (OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.16-0.87) background were less likely to have urge UI than women of Mexican background. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates differences in UI by Hispanic/Latina background, suggesting collective designation of Hispanics/Latinas as a single ethnic group does not adequately describe UI among this diverse group.

The interrelationship between obesity and race in breast cancer prognosis: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with an increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women and may contribute to worse outcomes. Black women experience higher obesity and breast cancer mortality rates than non-Black women. We examined associations between race, obesity, and clinical tumor stage with breast cancer prognosis. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 1,110 breast cancer patients, using univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses to evaluate the effects of obesity, race/ethnicity, and clinical tumor stage on progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS). RESULTS: 22% of participants were Black, 64% were Hispanic White, and 14% were non-Hispanic White or another race. 39% of participants were obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2). In univariable analyses, tumor stage III-IV was associated with worse PFS and OS compared to tumor stage 0-II (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.52-6.22 for PFS and HR = 5.92, 95% CI = 4.00-8.77 for OS). Multivariable analysis revealed an association between Black race and worse PFS in obese (HR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.06-4.51) and non-obese (HR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.05-4.21) women with tumors staged 0-II. Obesity alone was not associated with worse PFS or OS. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest a complex interrelationship between obesity and race in breast cancer prognosis. The association between the Black race and worse PFS in tumor stages 0-II underscores the importance of early intervention in this group. Future studies are warranted to evaluate whether alternative measures of body composition and biomarkers are better prognostic indicators than BMI among Black breast cancer survivors.

Soluble CD44 in oral rinses for the early detection of cancer: a prospective cohort study in high-risk individuals.

BACKGROUND: There are 54,000 new cases of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer in the United States and more than 476,000 worldwide each year. Oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma make up most tumors with five-year survival rates of 50% due to prevalence of late-stage diagnoses. Improved methods of early detection in high-risk individuals are urgently needed. We aimed to assess the tumorigenic biomarkers soluble CD44 (solCD44) and total protein (TP) measured using oral rinses as affordable convenient screening tools for cancer detection. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, we recruited 150 healthy current or former smokers through a community screening program. Baseline and four annual visits were conducted from March 2011-January 2016 with records followed until August 2020. Participants provided oral rinses, received head and neck exams, and completed questionnaires. SolCD44 and TP levels were measured and compared across groups and time. Participants were placed in the cancer group if malignancy developed in the study period, the suspicious group if physical exams were concerning for premalignant disease or cancer in the head and neck, and the healthy group if there were no suspicious findings. This analysis used two-sample t-test for comparison of means and two-sample Wilcoxon Test for comparison of medians. For subjects with follow-ups, estimated means of biomarkers were obtained from a fitted Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RANOVA) model including group, visit, and their interaction. Pairwise comparisons of mean solCD44 were made, including intergroup and intragroup comparison of values at different years. RESULTS: Most participants were males (58.7%), < 60 years of age. (90.7%), and Black (100%). Baseline mean solCD44 was elevated (2.781 ng/ml) in the cancer group compared to the suspicious group (1.849 ng/ml) and healthy group (1.779 ng/ml). CONCLUSION: This study supports the feasibility of a CD44-based oral rinse test as an affordable and convenient adjunctive tool for early detection of aerodigestive tract and other cancers in high-risk populations.

Comparison of Hematocrit Change in Testosterone-deficient Men Treated With Intranasal Testosterone Gel vs Intramuscular Testosterone Cypionate: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: Our primary aim was to compare changes in hematocrit in testosterone-deficient men treated with intranasal testosterone gel vs intramuscular testosterone cypionate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This 2-arm, open-label, randomized trial recruited men with testosterone deficiency at the University of Miami between August 2020 and October 2022. Men with 2 total testosterone levels <350 ng/dL and hypogonadal symptoms, aged 18-75 years were randomly assigned to receive either intranasal testosterone gel 11 mg 3 times daily or intramuscular testosterone cypionate 200 mg every 2 weeks. The primary outcome was change in hematocrit after 4 months of treatment. Secondary outcomes were changes in serum testosterone, estradiol, prostate-specific antigen, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and the 6-item International Index of Erectile Function. RESULTS: Of the 81 men randomized, 54 completed treatment (intranasal n=23; intramuscular n=31). The mean age was 47.5 vs 49.5 years, with mean baseline testosterone of 244.6 vs 240.7 ng/dL and mean hematocrit of 44.4% vs 42.7% in intranasal vs intramuscular groups, respectively. Men who received intramuscular injections had a significant increase after 4 months of treatment in mean hematocrit from 42.7% to 46.6% (P < .0001), but there was no significant change in men who received intranasal gel (P = .233). Men in both groups experienced significantly increased serum testosterone levels throughout the study period, though a larger increase was seen in men treated with intramuscular injections (mean change 511 vs 283, P = .025). Men who received injections also experienced an increase in estradiol (mean change 22.9, P < .001), decrease in 17-hydroxyprogesterone (mean change -39.8, P < .0001), and increase in the 6-item International Index of Erectile Function score (mean change 4.8, P = .015); men treated with intranasal gel experienced no such changes. Prostate-specific antigen levels were stable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intranasal testosterone gel does not appear to significantly affect hematocrit levels. Men who wish to avoid polycythemia or changes in estradiol or 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels may benefit from short-acting testosterone therapy formulations such as intranasal gel.

Platelet-rich Plasma for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: We assessed the safety and efficacy of 2 injections of platelet-rich plasma for treating mild to moderate erectile dysfunction by conducting a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Men with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction (International Index of Erectile Function scores 11-25) were randomized to receive either 2 injections of platelet-rich plasma or placebo separated by 1 month. Primary outcome was percentage of men meeting minimum clinically important difference at 1 month after the second injection. Secondary outcomes were change in International Index of Erectile Function at 1, 3, and 6 months, and changes in penile vascular parameters and adverse events at 6 months. RESULTS: We randomized 61 men: 28 into platelet-rich plasma and 33 into placebo. There was no difference between groups in percentage of men meeting minimum clinically important difference at 1 month: 14 (58.3%) in platelet-rich plasma vs 15 (53.6%) in placebo (P = .730). Mean International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function domain changed from 17.4 (95% CI 15.8-19.0) to 21 (17.9-24.0) at 1 month in men receiving platelet-rich plasma, vs 18.6 (17.3-19.8) to 21.6 (19.1-24.1) in the placebo group; however, there was no significant difference between groups (P = .756). There were no major adverse events and only 1 minor adverse event in each group. There were no changes in penile Doppler parameters from baseline to 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial suggest that 2 injections of intracavernosal platelet-rich plasma separated by 1 month in men with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction is safe, but we found no difference in efficacy between platelet-rich plasma and placebo.

Differences in Cervical Cancer Outcomes by Caribbean Nativity in Black and White Women in Florida.

OBJECTIVE: Racial disparities among women with cervical cancer have been reported but are understudied in Caribbean immigrants. The objective of this study is to describe the disparities in clinical presentation and outcomes between Caribbean-born (CB) and US-born (USB) women with cervical cancer by race and nativity. METHODS: An analysis of the Florida Cancer Data Service (FCDS), the statewide cancer registry, was performed to identify women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer between 1981 and 2016. Women were classified as USB White or Black and CB White or Black. Clinical data were abstracted. Analyses were done using chi square, ANOVA, Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models, with significance set at P < .05. RESULTS: 14 932 women were included in the analysis. USB Black women had the lowest mean age at diagnosis, while CB Black women were diagnosed at later stages of disease. USB White women and CB White women had better OS (median OS 70.4 and 71.5 months, respectively) than USB Black and CB Black women (median OS 42.4 and 63.8 months, respectively) (P < .0001). In multivariable analysis, relative to USB Black women, CB Blacks (HR .67, CI .54-.83), and CB White (HR .66, CI .55-.79) had better odds of OS. White race among USB women was not significantly associated with improved survival (P = .087). CONCLUSION: Race alone is not a determinant of cancer mortality in women with cervical cancer. Understanding the impact of nativity on cancer outcomes is crucial to improve health outcomes.

Long-term outcomes of patients with conjunctival extranodal marginal zone lymphoma.

Comprehensive information on clinical features and long-term outcomes of primary conjunctival extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (PCEMZL) is scarce. We present a large single-institution retrospective study of 72 patients. The median age was 64 years, and 63.9% were female. Stage I was present in 87.5%. Radiation therapy (RT) alone was the most common treatment (70.8%). Complete response (CR) was 87.5%, and 100% in RT-treated patients. With a median follow-up of 6.7 years, relapse/progression and death occurred in 19.4% each, with one relapse within the RT field. The 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 68.4% (95% CI 52.8%-79.8%) and 89.4% (95% CI 77.4%-95.2%), respectively. The 10-year rate for time to progression from diagnosis was 22.5% (95% CI 11.6%-35.7%). The 10-year PFS and OS of MALT-IPI 0 versus 1-2 were 83.3% versus 51.3%, (p = .022) and 97.6% versus 76.6%, (p = .0052), respectively. The following characteristics were associated with shorter survival: age > 60 years (PFS: HR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.08-7.95; p = .035, OS: HR = 9.07, 95% CI 1.17-70.26; p = .035) and MALT-IPI 1-2 (PFS: HR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.12-6.31; p = .027, OS: HR = 6.64, 95% CI 1.45-30.37; p = .015). CR following frontline therapy was associated with longer PFS (HR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.04-0.45; p = .001), but not OS. Using the Fine and Gray regression model with death without relapse/progression as a competing risk, RT and CR after frontline therapy were associated with lower risk of relapse (SHR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.12-0.96 p = .041 and SHR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.03-0.36; p < .001, respectively). Patients with PCEMZL treated with frontline RT exhibit excellent long-term survival, and the MALT-IPI score appropriately identifies patients at risk for treatment failure.

The Effect of Health Insurance on Pediatric Cancer Survival: An Analysis of Children Evaluated for Radiation Therapy in Diverse Multicenter Health Systems.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the role of health insurance in cancer survival in a diverse population of pediatric radiation oncology patients could help to identify patients at risk of adverse outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from cancer patients evaluated for radiation therapy, age < 19, diagnosed from January 1990 to August 2019. Predictors of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by univariable and multivariable Cox regression. Variables included health insurance, diagnosis type, sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status deprivation index. RESULTS: The study included 459 patients with a median diagnosis age of 9 years. Demographic breakdown was 49.5% Hispanic, 27.2% non-Hispanic White, and 20.7% non-Hispanic Black. There were 203 recurrences and 86 deaths observed over a median follow-up of 2.4 years. Five-year RFS was 59.8% (95% CI, 51.6, 67.0) versus 36.5% (95% CI, 26.6, 46.6), and 5-year OS was 87.5% (95% CI, 80.9, 91.9) versus 71.0% (95% CI, 60.3, 79.3) in private pay insurance versus Medicaid/Medicare, respectively. Multivariable showed Medicaid/Medicare patients experienced a 54% higher risk of recurrence (hazard ratio: 1.54, 95% CI, 1.08, 2.20) and 79% higher risk of death (hazard ratio: 1.79, 95% CI, 1.02, 3.14) than privately insured patients. CONCLUSIONS: Significant disadvantages in RFS and OS were identified in radiation oncology patients with Medicaid/Medicare insurance, even after adjusting for clinical and demographic variables.

Revised MALT-IPI: A new predictive model that identifies high-risk patients with extranodal marginal zone lymphoma.

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) is a heterogeneous disease with a subset of patients exhibiting a more aggressive course. We previously reported that EMZL with multiple mucosal sites (MMS) at diagnosis is characterized by shorter survival. To better recognize patients with different patterns of progression-free survival (PFS) we developed and validated a new prognostic index primarily based on patient's disease characteristics. We derived the "Revised mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue International Prognostic Index" (Revised MALT-IPI) in a large data set (n = 397) by identifying candidate variables that showed highest prognostic association with PFS. The revised MALT-IPI was validated in two independent cohorts, from the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic (n = 297) and from IELSG-19 study (n = 400). A stepwise Cox regression analysis yielded a model including four independent predictors of shorter PFS. Revised MALT-IPI has scores ranging from 0 to 5, calculated as a sum of one point for each of the following- age >60 years, elevated LDH, and stage III-IV; and two points for MMS. In the training cohort, the Revised MALT-IPI defined four risk groups: low risk (score 0, reference group), low-medium risk (score 1, HR = 1.85, p = .008), medium-high risk (score 2, HR = 3.84, p < .0001), and high risk (score 3+, HR = 8.48, p < .0001). Performance of the Revised MALT-IPI was similar in external validation cohorts. Revised MALT-IPI is a new index centered on disease characteristics that provides robust risk-stratification identifying a group of patients characterized by earlier progression of disease. Revised MALT-IPI can allow a more disease-adjusted management of patients with EMZL in clinical trials and practice.

Heterogeneity in Genomic Risk Assessment from Tissue Based Prognostic Signatures Used in the Biopsy Setting and the Impact of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Targeted Biopsy.

PURPOSE: Genomic prognostic signatures are used on prostate biopsy tissue for cancer risk assessment, but tumor heterogeneity and multifocality may be an issue. We evaluated the variability in genomic risk assessment from different biopsy cores within the prostate using 3 prognostic signatures (Decipher, CCP, GPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Men in this study came from 2 prospective prostate cancer trials of patients undergoing multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy with genomic profiling of positive biopsy cores. We explored the relationship among tumor grade, magnetic resonance imaging risk and genomic risk for each signature. We evaluated the variability in genomic risk assessment between different biopsy cores and assessed how often magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy or the current standard of care (profiling the core with the highest grade) resulted in the highest genomic risk level. RESULTS: In all, 224 positive biopsy cores from 78 men with prostate cancer were profiled. For each signature, higher biopsy grade (p <0.001) and magnetic resonance imaging risk level (p <0.001) were associated with higher genomic scores. Genomic scores from different biopsy cores varied with risk categories changing by 21% to 62% depending on which core or signature was used. Magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy and profiling the core with the highest grade resulted in the highest genomic risk level in 72% to 84% and 75% to 87% of cases, respectively, depending on the signature used. CONCLUSIONS: There is variation in genomic risk assessment from different biopsy cores regardless of the signature used. Magnetic resonance imaging directed biopsy or profiling the highest grade core resulted in the highest genomic risk level in most cases.

R-MACLO-IVAM regimen followed by maintenance therapy induces durable remissions in untreated mantle cell lymphoma - Long term follow up results.

We present long-term combined results of two clinical trials implementing R-MACLO-IVAM induction followed by thalidomide or rituximab maintenance in 44 patients with untreated mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The first 22 patients (UM-MCL1 ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00450801) received maintenance with thalidomide (200 mg daily until relapse/intolerable toxicity) and a subsequent cohort of 22 patients (UM-MCL2 ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00878254) received rituximab (375 mg/m2 IV weekly × 4, repeated every 6 months for 3 years). Considering all 44 patients, 41 (93.2%) achieved complete response (CR), two (4.5%) partial response (PR), and one (2.3%) was not evaluated for response. With a median follow up of 7.2 years (range < 1 month to 16 years), the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 55.6% (95% CI: 38.9%-69.4%) and median PFS 7.9 years (95% CI: 3.7-11 years). The 5-year OS was 83.3% (95% CI: 68.1%-91.7%) and median OS was not reached. Patients with blastic variant (n = 6) had a 5-year PFS and OS of 20.8% and 60%, respectively. Myelosuppression was the most common adverse event during immunochemotherapy. Long-term treatment-related mortality was 6.8%. Note, R-MACLO-IVAM followed by maintenance therapy is an effective regimen to induce long-term remission in MCL without need for consolidation with ASCT.

Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: A US population-based survival analysis (1999-2016).

BACKGROUND: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a rare tumor without a uniform treatment approach. The authors describe a large population-based study evaluating survival outcomes of patients with SMZL according to the treatment received. METHODS: From the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, patients were selected who had SMZL diagnosed from 1999 to 2016. Observation, splenectomy, chemotherapy, and splenectomy with chemotherapy were the evaluated treatment strategies. Cox and Fine and Gray regression models were used to evaluate overall and SMZL-specific survival, respectively. RESULTS: In total, 1671 patients were selected for the analysis. Most patients were aged >60 years (71.3%), White (89.7%), and non-Hispanic (91.7%). Transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) occurred in 71 patients (4.2%), and the 10-year transformation rate was 8.6% (95% CI, 6.6%-10.9%). In multivariable analysis, shorter SMZL-specific survival was associated with age ≥60 years (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.40-2.45; P < .001), Hispanic ethnicity (SHR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.06-2.13; P = .023), DLBCL transformation (SHR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.48-2.97; P < .001), and the presence of B-symptoms (SHR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.23-2.27; P < .001). Compared with splenectomy, observation (SHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.67-1.28; P = .636), chemotherapy only (SHR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.93-1.76; P = .127), and splenectomy plus chemotherapy (SHR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.96-2.13; P = .089) showed no significant differences in SMZL-specific survival. Predictors of shorter overall survival were age ≥60 years (hazard ratio, 2.98; 95% CI, 2.37-3.76; P < .001) and the presence of B-symptoms (hazard ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.06-1.67; P = .014). CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in overall or SMZL-specific survival by treatment strategy. Older age, Hispanic ethnicity, DLBCL transformation, and B-symptoms were associated with a worse prognosis.

Disadvantages for non-Hispanic whites in gastric carcinoma survival in Florida.

PURPOSE: The prognosis for gastric carcinoma (GC) remains challenging with less than 35% of patients surviving 5 years. GC survival varies greatly by anatomical site, cardia and non-cardia. However, these important differences have not been thoroughly studied in relation to the increasing diversity in US populations such as Florida. In this study we examined, for the first time, the effect of race-ethnicity on risk of death from GC controlling for potential risk factors separately for cardia and non-cardia GCs. METHODS: Data on GCs diagnosed in Florida from 2005-2016 were obtained from the statewide cancer registry. Age-standardized GC-specific 5-year survival was computed by anatomical site and race-ethnicity. In addition, a competing risk analysis was performed to assess prognostic factors and to estimate subdistribution hazard ratios of death from GC. RESULTS: Whites had high proportions of cardia GC (43.9%) compared to all racial/ethnic minorities (10.9%, 19.6%, and 13.8% in Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians, respectively; p < .0001). Among 12,302 cases included, there were 7534 deaths from GC and 1179 from other causes. Age standardized GC-specific 5-year survival was significantly lower for Whites (28.0%) compared to Blacks (31.6%), Hispanics (37.6%), and Asians, (39.6%) and significantly lower for cardia GC (25.0%, 95% CI 23.4-26.6) compared to non-cardia GC (37.0%, 95% CI 35.5-38.4). Multivariable competing risk analysis in patients with non-cardia GC showed that Asians (sHR: 0.64, 95% CI 0.51-0.80), Hispanics (sHR 0.71, 95% CI 0.64-0.78), and Blacks (sHR 0.83, 95% CI 0.75-0.92) all had lower risks of death from GC compared to Whites. In patients with cardia GC, only Hispanics had statistically significant lower risk of death from GC than Whites (sHR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74-0.95, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The study of racial/ethnic survival disparities in patients with GC in Florida reveals Whites as the most disadvantaged group. Whites are more afflicted by cardia GC, which is associated with higher risk of death than non-cardia GC. However, even within non-cardia GC, Whites had higher risk of death than the other racial-ethnic groups. Commonly assessed survival determinants do not adequately explain these unusual disparities; thus, further investigation is warranted.

Effect of Natesto on Reproductive Hormones, Semen Parameters and Hypogonadal Symptoms: A Single Center, Open Label, Single Arm Trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of short-acting 4.5% nasal testosterone gel (Natesto) on serum testosterone, gonadotropins, total motile sperm count, health related quality of life and sexual function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a single institution, open label, single arm trial conducted between November 2017 and September 2019 at the University of Miami. Men 18 to 55 years old diagnosed with symptomatic hypogonadism (total testosterone less than 300 ng/dl on 2 occasions) were included. Men with azoospermia, vasectomy or a total motile sperm count less than 5 million were excluded. Enrolled patients were treated with Natesto, a short-acting nasal testosterone (125 µl per nostril, 11.0 mg testosterone per dose, TID) for 6 months. RESULTS: In total, 60 men were enrolled in the study. Of these, 44 and 33 patients were evaluated for testosterone at 3 and 6 months, respectively. A total of 31 patients (90.9%) reached a normal testosterone level (greater than 300 ng/dl) at 6 months. Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels were maintained within the normal range in 81.8% and 72.7% of patients at 6 months, respectively. Total motile sperm count was maintained with total motile sperm count greater than 5 million over the treatment period in 88.4% of men at 3 months and 93.9% at 6 months. There were statistically significant improvements on International Index of Erectile Function sexual desire and overall satisfaction domains at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Natesto appears to increase testosterone while maintaining semen parameters in a majority of men. Natesto has the potential to be a safe and effective treatment for men with functional hypogonadism who wish to preserve semen parameters. Long-term studies beyond 6 months are needed before we can safely prescribe nasal testosterone gel for men interested in fertility.

Prospective Evaluation of Focal High Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Localized Prostate Cancer.

PURPOSE: We report short-term outcomes of focal high intensity focused ultrasound use for primary treatment of localized prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-center prospectively collected data on patients with prostate cancer who underwent primary focal high intensity focused ultrasound from January 2016 to July 2018 were included. All patients underwent a 12-core biopsy with magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion biopsy depending on the presence of targetable lesions. Any Grade Group was allowed, however only patients with localized disease were included. The primary outcome was oncologic control, defined as negative followup in-field biopsy of treated cancer. Prostate specific antigen, Sexual Health Inventory for Men, International Prostate Symptom Score and Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite domain scores were assessed 3-monthly till 12 months. Biopsy was performed at 6 or 12 months for high or low/intermediate risk cancer, respectively. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients with minimum followup of 12 months were included in the study. The majority of patients (67%) had cancer Grade Group 2 or greater. Fifteen patients (28.8%) underwent complete transurethral prostate resection/holmium laser enucleation of prostate procedure for debulking large prostates to avoid postoperative urinary retention. Among 30 (58%) patients who underwent followup biopsies, 25 (83%) had negative in-field biopsy results and 4 (13%) had de-novo positive out-of-field biopsy. Only 5 major complications (all grade III) in 4 patients were noted. Urinary symptoms returned to near baseline questionnaire scores within 3-6 months. Sexual function returned to baseline at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Focal high intensity focused ultrasound is a safe and effective treatment for patients with localized clinically significant prostate cancer with acceptable short-term oncologic and functional outcomes. The complications are minimal and patient selection is essential. Short-term oncologic outcomes are promising but longer followup is required to establish long-term oncologic outcomes.

Health Related Quality of Life of Patients with Bladder Cancer in the RAZOR Trial: A Multi-Institutional Randomized Trial Comparing Robot versus Open Radical Cystectomy.

PURPOSE: We evaluated health related quality of life following robotic and open radical cystectomy as a treatment for bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the Randomized Open versus Robotic Cystectomy (RAZOR) trial population we assessed health related quality of life by using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT)-Vanderbilt Cystectomy Index and the Short Form 8 Health Survey (SF-8) at baseline, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The primary objective was to assess the impact of surgical approach on health related quality of life. As an exploratory analysis we assessed the impact of urinary diversion type on health related quality of life. RESULTS: Analyses were performed in subsets of the per-protocol population of 302 patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores by surgical approach at any time point for any FACT-Vanderbilt Cystectomy Index subscale or composite score (p >0.05). The emotional well-being score increased over time in both surgical arms. Patients in the open arm showed significantly better SF-8 sores in the physical and mental summary scores at 6 months compared to baseline (p <0.05). Continent diversion (versus noncontinent) was associated with worse FACT-bladder-cystectomy score at 3 (p <0.01) but not at 6 months, and the SF-8 physical component was better in continent-diversion patients at 6 months (p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests lack of significant differences in the health related quality of life in robotic and open cystectomies. As robotic procedures become more widespread it is important to discuss this finding during counseling.

Predictors of Recurrence, and Progression-Free and Overall Survival following Open versus Robotic Radical Cystectomy: Analysis from the RAZOR Trial with a 3-Year Followup.

PURPOSE: The RAZOR (Randomized Open versus Robotic Cystectomy) trial revealed noninferior 2-year progression-free survival for robotic radical cystectomy. This update was performed with extended followup for 3 years to determine potential differences between the approaches. We also report 3-year overall survival and sought to identify factors predicting recurrence, and progression-free and overall survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the per protocol population of 302 patients from the RAZOR study. Cumulative recurrence was estimated using nonbladder cancer death as the competing risk event and the Gray test was applied to assess significance in differences. Progression-free survival and overall survival were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log rank test. Predictors of outcomes were determined by Cox proportional hazard analysis. RESULTS: Estimated progression-free survival at 36 months was 68.4% (95% CI 60.1-75.3) and 65.4% (95% CI 56.8-72.7) in the robotic and open groups, respectively (p=0.600). At 36 months overall survival was 73.9% (95% CI 65.5-80.5) and 68.5% (95% CI 59.8-75.7) in the robotic and open groups, respectively (p=0.334). There was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence rates of recurrence (p=0.802). Patient age greater than 70 years, poor performance status and major complications were significant predictors of 36-month progression-free survival. Stage and positive margins were significant predictors of recurrence, and progression-free and overall survival. Surgical approach was not a significant predictor of any outcome. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis showed no difference in recurrence, 3-year progression-free survival or 3-year overall survival for robotic vs open radical cystectomy. It provides important prospective data on the oncologic efficacy of robotic radical cystectomy and high level data for patient counseling.

Survival analysis in treated plasmablastic lymphoma patients: a population-based study.

Herein we analyzed survival outcomes in chemotherapy-treated patients with plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) diagnosed between 2010 to 2016 (n = 248). Data was acquired from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registries database (April 2019 release based on November 2018 submission). The majority of patients were male (81.9%) and younger than 60 years (71.0%). Oral and gastrointestinal (GI) sites were the most frequent primary extranodal locations (23% and 19.4%, respectively). Oral primary location was inversely associated with presence of B symptoms and advanced Ann-Arbor stage. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of treated PBL patients were 54% (95% CI: 46.5%-60.8%) and 52.8% (95% CI: 45.2%-59.8%). Three-year conditional survival for 2-year and 3-year survivors were 90.3% and 97.8%, overlapping the survival of a general population matched by age, sex and calendar year. In a multivariable analysis, oral primary location was associated with not only better OS (HR 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21-0.88, P = .021) but also better lymphoma-specific survival (LSS) (SHR 0.36; 95% CI: 0.15-0.86, P = .022); age ≥60 years was associated with shorter LSS (SHR 1.73; 95% CI: 1.02-2.96, P = .043). Seven registries granted access to HIV status (n = 93) where HIV infection was detected in 52.7% of cases. The HIV status did not affect survival outcomes in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. We identified clinical characteristics associated with survival and showed that treated PBL patients may achieve long-term survival.