RESUMO
Peptidylprolyl isomerases (PPIase) cyclophilin A (CypA, encoded by PPIA) is a typical member of the Cyclophilin family and is involved in protein folding/translocation, signal transduction, inflammation, immune system regulation, apoptosis and virus replication. In the present study, we investigated the PPIase activity and genetic variation of vertebrate CypA. According to the GenBank reference sequences, vertebrate PPIA genes were cloned, among which the bat (Myotis davidi) and duck (Anas platyrhynchos) PPIA genes were reported for the first time. Then PPIA genes were sub-cloned into the expression vector pGEX-6p-1 and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant CypA proteins were purified by using sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and the GST tag was cleaved, followed by gel filtration. The PPIase activity assay indicated that there was no significant difference in the catalytic activity of prolyl peptide bond isomerization among 12 different vertebrate CypA proteins. In addition, the genetic variation and molecular evolution analysis showed that these vertebrate CypA proteins had the same CsA binding site and the PPIase active sites. Furthermore, the predicted structure and gene localization were remarkable conserved. Our data suggested that the important residues of CypA were highly conserved, which is crucial for its PPIase activity and cellular functions.
Assuntos
Ciclofilina A/genética , Ciclofilina A/metabolismo , Peptidilprolil Isomerase/genética , Peptidilprolil Isomerase/metabolismo , Vertebrados/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Domínio Catalítico/genética , Clonagem Molecular/métodos , Escherichia coli/genética , Evolução Molecular , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
Naemorhedus griseus, vulnerable animal, has undergone a significant decline. Here, we analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome (16,554 bp in length) to supplement the database of N. griseus. The complete mtDNA of N. griseus contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes and 22 tRNA genes) and a non-coding region (D-loop). Additionally, a rep-origin (32 bp) exists which located between tRNA(Asn) and tRNA(Cys).
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/química , Genoma Mitocondrial , Ruminantes/genética , Animais , Composição de Bases , Sequência de Bases , Tamanho do Genoma , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The Emberiza aureola (yellow-breasted bunting), Vulnerable (IUCN), is a Eurasian bird with very wide geographical range. The complete mitochondrial genome of E. aureola (16,800 bp in length) contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes) and a non-coding region (D-loop), which is similar to the typical mtDNA of vertebrates. All the protein-coding genes in E. aureola were distributed on the H-strand, except for the ND6 subunit gene and ten tRNA genes which were encoded on the L-strand.
Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial , Mitocôndrias/genética , Passeriformes/genética , Animais , RNA Ribossômico/genética , RNA de Transferência/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Emberiza cioides is a passerine bird of eastern Asia which belongs to the genus Emberiza in the bunting family Emberizidae. The complete mitochondrial genome of E. cioides was obtained for the first time. The circular genome (16,765 bp in length) consists of 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes) and 1 control region. Except for 8 tRNA genes and ND6 gene, all the genes were distributed in plus strand which were identical to those of most vertebrates.
Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial , Passeriformes/genética , Animais , Composição de Bases , Genes Mitocondriais , Fases de Leitura AbertaRESUMO
Anas falcate, near threatened species, has very wide geographical range with an estimated global extent of occurrence. Here, the complete mitochondrial genome of A. falcate (16,601 bp in length) was been analyzed for building the database. Similar to the typical mtDNA of vertebrates, it contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes and 22 tRNA genes) and a non-coding region (D-loop). All the genes in A. falcata were distributed on the H-strand, except for the ND6 subunit gene and 10 tRNA genes which were encoded on the L-strand.
Assuntos
Patos/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial , Animais , Sequência de Bases , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA Ribossômico/genética , RNA de Transferência/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Análise de Sequência de RNARESUMO
Emberiza rutila is a passerine bird of eastern Asia which belongs to the genus Emberiza in the bunting family Emberizidae. The complete mitochondrial genome of E. rutila was obtained for the first time in this study. The circular genome (16,803 bp in length) consists of 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes) and 1 control region. Overall base composition of the complete mitochondrial DNA was 30% A, 22.8% T, 32.8% C and 14.3% G. Except for 8 tRNA genes and ND6 gene, the relative position and orientation of all the genes were identical to those of most vertebrates.
Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial , Passeriformes/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Animais , Composição de Bases , Genes MitocondriaisRESUMO
Emberiza rustica, least concern species (IUCN), is a passerine bird in the bunting family with wide geographical range. The complete mitochondrial genome of E. rustica (16,798 bp in length) had been analyzed for building the database. Similar to the typical mtDNA of vertebrates, it contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes and 22 tRNA genes) and a non-coding region (D-loop). All the protein-coding genes in E. rustica were distributed on the H-strand, except for the ND6 subunit gene and 10 tRNA genes which were encoded on the L-strand.
Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial , Passeriformes/genética , Animais , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas/genética , RNA Ribossômico/genética , RNA de Transferência/genéticaRESUMO
In this study, we provide the first comprehensive annotation of canine interferon-λ (CaIFN-λ, type III IFN). Phylogenetic analysis based on genomic sequences indicated that CaIFN-λ is located in the same branch with Swine IFN-λ1 (SwIFN-λ), Bat IFN-λ1 (BaIFN-λ), and human IFN-λ1 (HuIFN-λ1). CaIFN-λ was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified to further investigate the biological activity in vitro. The recombinant CaIFN-λ (rCaIFN-λ) displayed potent antiviral activity on both homologous and heterologous animal cells in terms of inhibiting the replication of the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), canine parvovirus, and influenza virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1), respectively. In addition, we also found that rCaIFN-λ exhibits a significant antiproliferative response against A72 canine tumor cells and MDCK cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CaIFN-λ activated the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. To evaluate the expression of CaIFN-λ induced by virus and the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) induced by rCaIFN-λ in the MDCK cells, we measured the relative mRNA level of CaIFN-λ and ISGs (ISG15, Mx1, and 2'5'-OAS) by quantitative real-time PCR and found that the mRNA level of CaIFN-λ and the ISGs significantly increased after treating the MDCK cells with viruses and rCaIFN-λ protein, respectively. Finally, to evaluate the binding activity of rCaIFN-λ to its receptor, we expressed the extracellular domain of the canine IFN-λ receptor 1 (CaIFN-λR1-EC) and determined the binding activity via ELISA. Our results demonstrated that rCaIFN-λ bound tightly to recombinant CaIFN-λR1-EC (rCaIFN-λR1-EC).
Assuntos
Inibidores do Crescimento/metabolismo , Interferons/classificação , Interferons/imunologia , Interleucinas/classificação , Interleucinas/imunologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Clonagem Molecular , Cães , Humanos , Interferons/genética , Interleucinas/genética , Janus Quinases/metabolismo , Células Madin Darby de Rim Canino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Ligação Proteica , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Fatores de Transcrição STAT/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Viroses/imunologia , Replicação ViralRESUMO
Mitochondrial genomes have proved to be powerful tools in resolving phylogenetic relationships. Emberiza chrysophrys (least concern species: IUCN 2013) is a passerine bird in the bunting family, Emberizidae. The complete mitochondrial genome of E. chrysophrys was sequenced. This circular mitochondrial genome was 16,803 bp in length, with an A+T content of 52.26%, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNAs, 22 tRNAs and a putative control region (CR). The CR of E. chrysophrys was divided into three conserved domains. Six conserved sequence boxes in the central conserved domain II were identified as F, E, D, C, b and B. An obvious positive AT-skew and negative GC-skew bias were found for all 28 genes encoded by the H strand, whereas it was the reverse in the remaining nine genes encoded by the L strand. Remarkable rate heterogeneity was present in the mitochondrial genome of E. chrysophrys. Notably, unusual slow rate of evolution in the mitochondrial CR of E. chrysophrys was detected, which is rarely seen in other birds. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on 13 PCGs that showed E. pusilla was the sister group of E. rustica, and the monophyly of Emberiza was established.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial , Passeriformes/genética , Filogenia , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , RNA de Transferência/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
This article describes the nomenclature, history and genetic evolution of duck hepatitis A virus, and updates the epidemiology, clinical symptom and surveillances of duck virus hepatitis A. It also summarizes the present status and progress of duck virus hepatitis A and illustrated the necessity and urgency of its research, which provides rationale for the control of duck hepatitis A virus disease in China.