Lizard assemblages on sandy coastal plains in southeastern Brazil: An analysis of occurrence and composition, and the role of habitat structure.

Data on the structure of lizard communities in the different biomes and ecosystems of Brazil are still limited. In this study, we related the species richness, abundance and the spatial occurrence of lizards to the structure of the vegetation found on the coast of the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil, to determine whether habitat influences the structure of lizard communities. We conducted fieldwork in 2012, 2013 and 2014, collecting data in standardized samples. We analyze whether variables of vegetation structure influenced species richness and abundance, using Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). We recorded 12 lizard species from eight families. In general, species richness and abundance were similar among sites. Locally, we recorded the highest species richness in shrubby vegetation, open Clusia vegetation, and the restinga forest zone. Bromeliads explained the occurrence of teiids, although there was no systematic relationship between species richness and vegetation structure. Our results provide important insights into the characteristics of the lizard communities found on sandy coastal plains and contribute to the conservation of these species in these ecosystems.

Dairy calf rearing unit and infectious diseases: diarrhea outbreak by bovine coronavirus as a model for the dispersion of pathogenic microorganisms.

Dairy calf rearing unit is a management system that is only recently being implemented by some milk producer's cooperatives in southern Brazil. However, aspects related to the health profile of the heifer calves that arrive in the rearing unit as well as about biosecurity practices and microbiological challenges have not yet been evaluated in this rearing system in a tropical country. Diarrhea is the main and most frequent consequence of enteric infections in newborn calves. This study, through some etiological and epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of neonatal diarrhea, has the aim to alert to the possibility of pathogenic microorganism spread in a dairy heifer calf rearing unit. The diarrhea outbreak presented some non-regular characteristics observed in bovine coronavirus (BCoV) enteric infections in dairy calves. The spread of infection was extremely rapid (1 week); the attack rate (> 50%) was much higher than that observed in calves subjected to conventional rearing; and the age range (5 to 90 days) of the affected heifer calves was much broader than that often observed in the BCoV diarrhea worldwide. These unusual epidemiological characteristics observed in this BCoV diarrhea outbreak raise awareness of the health threat present in calf rearing units as well as of the easy and rapid viral spread in a population of young animals from different dairy herds and, therefore, with very distinct immunological status.

Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 and RdRP genes of Brazilian aichivirus B strains involved in a diarrhea outbreak in dairy calves.

Aichivirus B has been reported worldwide in calves and adult cattle with and without diarrhea. The aim of this study was to describe the molecular characteristics of the RdRP and VP1 genes of aichivirus B strains identified as the most frequent etiologic agent in a neonatal diarrhea outbreak in a high-production Brazilian dairy cattle herd. Preliminary laboratory analysis ruled out important enteropathogens (Cryptosporidium spp; Eimeria spp., E. coli F5, and bovine coronavirus). Fecal samples from diarrheic (n = 24) and asymptomatic (n = 5) calves up to 30 days old were collected for virological analysis. RT-PCR assays were performed for the detection of aichivirus B RdRP and VP1 genes and for rotavirus A VP7 and VP4 genes in fecal samples. Asymptomatic calves (control group) were negative for both viruses. Aichivirus B and rotavirus A G10P[11] genotypes were found in 54.2% (13/24) and 25% (6/24) of the diarrheic fecal samples, respectively. Aichivirus B was only identified (83.3%, 10/12) in calves up to two weeks old. Phylogenetic analysis based on the RdRP gene grouped the Brazilian strains in a new branch within the aichivirus B group. Comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the VP1 gene of Brazilian and Chinese aichivirus B strains allowed the strains identified in this study to be classified in the putative lineage 1. This is the first description of a high rate of aichivirus B detection in a diarrhea outbreak in dairy calves, and the first phylogenetic study of the VP1 gene of aichivirus B wild-type strains performed in South America.

Extra-intestinal detection of canine kobuvirus in a puppy from Southern Brazil.

This study presents the pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings associated with the extra-intestinal detection of canine kobuvirus (CaKV) in a 5-month-old Chihuahua puppy, that had a clinical history of bloody-tinged feces. Principal pathological findings were interstitial pneumonia, necrotizing bronchitis, and parvovirus-induced enteritis. Molecular diagnostic methods identified CaKV within the cerebellum, cerebrum, lung, tonsil, and liver. CaKV and rotavirus were not identified within the feces and intestine. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays detected antigens of CDV and CAdV-1 in the lungs. These results confirmed the extra-intestinal detection of CaKV in this puppy and represent the first extra-intestinal detection of CaKV in a dog.

Molecular detection of bovine coronavirus in a diarrhea outbreak in pasture-feeding Nellore steers in southern Brazil.

Worldwide diarrhea outbreaks in cattle herds are more frequently detected in calves being that diarrhea outbreaks in adult cattle are not common. Winter dysentery (WD) is a bovine coronavirus (BCoV) enteric infection that is more reported in Northern hemisphere. Seasonal outbreaks of WD in adult cattle occur mainly in dairy cows. WD has not been described in beef cattle herds of tropical countries. This study describes the molecular detection of BCoV in a diarrhea outbreak in beef cattle steers (Nellore) raised on pasture in Parana, southern Brazil. During the outbreak, the farm had about 600 fattening steers. Watery and bloody diarrhea unresponsive to systemic broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy reveals a morbidity rate of approximately 15 %. The BCoV N gene was identified in 42.9 % (6/14) of the diarrheic fecal samples evaluated by semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (SN-PCR) technique. Other enteric microorganisms occasionally identified in adult cattle and evaluated in this study such as bovine groups A, B, and C rotavirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine torovirus, aichivirus B, and Eimeria sp. were not identified in the fecal samples. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first description of the BCoV diagnosis in fecal samples collected in a diarrhea outbreak in adult beef cattle grazing in the grass in a tropical country.

Longitudinal study of Salmonella spp., diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Rotavirus, and Coronavirus isolated from healthy and diarrheic calves in a Brazilian dairy herd.

This prospective longitudinal study investigated the epidemiology of enteric disease associated with infections in calves aging up to 70 days. A total of 850 fecal samples were collected from 67 calves. Seventeen isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered from feces of 11 calves (16.4%), and statistical analysis revealed no association between the presence of Salmonella spp. and clinical signs of diarrhea or age. Virulence factors of Escherichia coli were identified in 103 strains: eae (7), K99/STa (7), Stx1 (7), Stx1/eae (36), Stx1/Stx2/eae (2), Stx2 (43), and Stx2/eae (1). There was statistical association between diarrheic animals carrying E. coli Stx1/eae (+) in their feces at 2 and 4 weeks of age (P = 0.003) and E. coli Stx2 (+) at 5 weeks of age (P = 0.03). Rotavirus was detected in 49 (5.76%) fecal samples collected from 33 calves (49.2%). The presence of rotavirus was correlated with diarrheic feces (P < 0.0001) rather than feces with normal consistency. There was a significant relationship between age group and diarrhea (P = 0.001). Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) was detected in 93 fecal samples collected from 46 calves (68.6%). There was an association (P < 0.0001) between diarrheic animals positive for BCoV and age groups. The results demonstrate the importance of the pathogens studied in the etiology of diarrhea in calves.

[Health facility environment as humanization strategy care in the pediatric unit: systematic review]. / Ambiência como estratégia de humanização da assistência na unidade de pediatria: revisão sistemática.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the production of knowledge about the strategies that health care institutions have implemented to humanize care of hospitalized children. METHOD: This is a systematic review conducted in the Virtual Health Library - Nursing and SciELO, using the seven steps proposed by the Cochrane Handbook. RESULTS: 15 studies were selected, and strategies that involved relationship exchanges were used between the health professional, the hospitalized child and their families, which may be mediated by leisure activities, music and by reading fairy tales. We also include the use of the architecture itself as a way of providing welfare to the child and his/her family, as well as facilitating the development of the work process of health professionals. CONCLUSION: Investments in research and publications about the topic are necessary, so that, the National Humanization Policy does not disappear and that the identified strategies in this study do not configure as isolated and disjointed actions of health policy.

[Perception of fathers as for their involvement in activities with their children]. / A percepção dos pais frente ao seu envolvimento nas atividades com o(s) filho(s).

This is an exploratory, descriptive study with a quantitative approach and the aim to identzfy the perception of fathers regarding their children's needs; strategies used by fathers to get closer to their children as well as to analyze the influence of household chores and children's education in their fathers' lives. Study subjects were 92 men with six-year-old children, residing in the city of Rio Grande, state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The results revealed fathers who are more engaged in activities with their children, valuing confidence, safety, as well as proximity to family as children's main needs, having prioritized the progress children make as well as attention to listening and conversation. Children's education does not aggregate more problems than they imagined, managing to plan life the way they seek to. These findings show that, in the sample studied, fathers have been able to develop more affectionate actions aimed at being more involved with their children.

Prevalence, under-reporting, and epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19 in the Araguaína City of Brazil.

Asymptomatic and underreported individuals remain a source of coronafig disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission to others. Data on the prevalence and epidemiological factors influencing transmission are fundamental for establishing control measures, especially in vulnerable regions such as the Amazon. This study aimed to determine the point prevalence and active infection of COVID-19 among the population in Araguaína, a Brazilian city located in the Amazon region, analyzed the socioeconomic and behavioral variables of a statistically representative sample of this population using an epidemiological survey, and identify the viral genomic diversity in the region. During the sixth epidemiological week of 2021 (February 8 to 12), samples of 497 inhabitants of the municipality asymptomatic for respiratory syndromes underwent reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and serological tests (immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G). A questionnaire collated data on socioeconomic factors, prevention measures, and health status history. The active infection rate was 6.2%, and the prevalence was 13.5% of the study population. Active infection cases were under-reported; each reported positive case represented 14-28 under-reported cases. Lineages P.2, P.1, and B.1.1 were detected. Working from home was a protective factor against the infection, and clinical signs of fever, dry cough, and loss of taste or smell were associated with testing positive (p <0.05). A descriptive analysis of the indicators revealed that the entire population was susceptible to the disease. Intensified vaccination strategies are required regardless of socioeconomic factors, health conditions, and preventive measures. Implementation of objective, comprehensive, and efficient management tools to minimize the spread of COVID-19 in this municipality can serve as a model for other regions of Brazil.

High frequency of Aichivirus C (porcine kobuvirus) infection in piglets from different geographic regions of Brazil.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of Aichivirus C infection in the three major industrial pig-producing regions of Brazil. This retrospective study evaluated 63 faecal samples that were collected between 2004 and 2011 from suckling piglets (1 to 3 weeks old) belonging to 46 pig herds located in the South, Southeast and Central-west regions of Brazil. The presence of Aichivirus C in the samples was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. A 216-bp fragment of the aichivirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene was amplified from 48 out of 63 (76.2 %) faecal samples. Aichivirus C was identified in all the evaluated regions, and variations in the frequency of virus detection among the different Brazilian regions were observed. Aichivirus C was detected at significantly higher rates in 2-week-old (18/20; 90.0 %) and 3-week-old (19/22; 86.4 %) piglets than in 1-week-old piglets (11/21; 52.4 %) (P < 0.05). The nucleotide sequences of three amplicons clustered together with other sequences previously isolated in Brazil, revealing that there were no phylogenetic differences in the strains of Aichivirus C by region or age. This study demonstrated that Aichivirus C has been present in Brazilian pig herds for years and has spread to the major pig-producing regions of the country.

Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase overexpression ameliorates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice by lowering asymmetric dimethylarginine.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is increasingly recognized as a novel biomarker in cardiovascular disease. To date, it remains unclear whether elevated ADMA levels are merely associated with cardiovascular risk or whether this molecule is of functional relevance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. To clarify this issue, we crossed dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) transgenic mice that overexpress the human isoform 1 of the ADMA degrading enzyme DDAH into ApoE-deficient mice to generate ApoE(-/-)/hDDAH1(+/-) mice. In these mice, as well as ApoE(-/-) wild-type littermates, atherosclerosis within the aorta as well as vascular function of aortic ring preparations was assessed. We report here that overexpression of hDDAH1 reduces plaque formation in ApoE(-/-) mice by lowering ADMA. The extent of atherosclerosis closely correlated with plasma ADMA levels in male but not female mice fed either a standard rodent chow or an atherogenic diet. Functional analysis of aortic ring preparations revealed improved endothelial function in mice overexpressing hDDAH1. Our findings provide proof-of-principle that ADMA plays a causal role as a culprit molecule in atherosclerosis and support recent evidence indicating a functional relevance of DDAH enzymes in genetic mouse models. Together, these results demonstrate that pharmacological interventions targeting the ADMA/DDAH pathway may represent a novel approach in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases.

Validation of conventional PCR-like alternative to SARS-CoV-2 detection with target nucleocapsid protein gene in naso-oropharyngeal samples.

SARS-CoV-2 has spread worldwide and has become a global health problem. As a result, the demand for inputs for diagnostic tests rose dramatically, as did the cost. Countries with inadequate infrastructure experience difficulties in expanding their qPCR testing capacity. Therefore, the development of sensitive and specific alternative methods is essential. This study aimed to develop, standardize, optimize, and validate conventional RT-PCR targeting the N gene of SARS-CoV-2 in naso-oropharyngeal swab samples compared to qPCR. Using bioinformatics tools, specific primers were determined, with a product expected to be 519 bp. The reaction conditions were optimized using a commercial positive control, and the detection limit was determined to be 100 fragments. To validate conventional RT-PCR, we determined a representative sampling of 346 samples from patients with suspected infection whose diagnosis was made in parallel with qPCR. A sensitivity of 92.1% and specificity of 100% were verified, with an accuracy of 95.66% and correlation coefficient of 0.913. Under current Brazilian conditions, this method generates approximately 60% savings compared to qPCR costs. Conventional RT-PCR, validated herein, showed sufficient results for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and can be used as an alternative for epidemiological studies and interspecies correlations.

Assistência pré-natal às usuárias de substâncias psicoativas: dificuldades elencadas pelos profissionais da saúde / Prenatal care for users of psychoactive substances: difficulties listed by health professionals / Atención prenatal a consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas: dificultades mencionadas por los profesionales de la salud

Objetivo: conhecer as dificuldades elencadas pelos profissionais de saúde na assistência pré-natal às usuárias de substâncias psicoativas. Método: estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, realizado nas mídias sociais, com profissionais da área da saúde que realizam atendimento pré-natal. A coleta de dados ocorreu de novembro de 2022 a janeiro de 2023 por meio de questionário eletrônico. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise temática. Protocolo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: os profissionais destacam o déficit de conhecimento para abordar este público em específico. A abordagem superficial e condenatória do uso de substâncias pelas políticas públicas corrobora para que os profissionais se sintam preparados em parte para atender essas gestantes. Considerações finais: a capacitação dos profissionais é necessária para superar práticas condenatórias e retrógradas de cuidado que focam unicamente a abstinência; como também, o investimento na capacitação acerca da rede de atenção à saúde, buscando ampliar sua visibilidade e utilização.

Objective: understanding the difficulties listed by health professionals in prenatal care for users of psychoactive substances. Method: this is a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study carried out on social media with health professionals who provide prenatal care. Data was collected from November 2022 to January 2023 using an electronic questionnaire. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Protocol approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: the professionals highlight the lack of knowledge to deal with this specific public. The superficial and condemnatory approach to substance use by public policies contributes to making professionals feel partly prepared to deal with these pregnant women. Final considerations: the training of professionals is necessary to overcome condemnatory and retrograde care practices that focus solely on abstinence; and investment in training about the health care network, seeking to increase its visibility and use.

Objetivo: conocer las dificultades mencionadas por los profesionales de la salud en la atención prenatal de las consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas. Método: estudio cualitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, realizado en redes sociales, con profesionales de la salud que brindan atención prenatal. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo de noviembre de 2022 a enero de 2023 a través de un cuestionario electrónico. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis temático. El protocolo fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: los profesionales destacan que les falta el conocimiento para atender a este público específico. El abordaje superficial y condenatorio del consumo de sustancias por parte de las políticas públicas contribuye a que los profesionales se sientan parcialmente preparados para atender a esas gestantes. Consideraciones finales: es necesario capacitar a los profesionales para superar las prácticas asistenciales condenatorias y retrógradas que se centran únicamente en evitar el consumo; e invertir en capacitación sobre la red de atención de salud, para ampliar su visibilidad y uso.

Detection of canine kobuvirus RNA in diarrheic fecal samples of dogs with parvoviruses.

Canine kobuvirus (CaKV) is a member of the Picornaviridae family and the Kobuvirus genus. CaKV was first described in fecal samples from diarrheic dogs in the USA in 2011, with subsequent reports in the UK, Italy, South Korea, China, Tanzania, and Japan. CaKV is frequently identified in feces of animals with or without clinical signs of gastroenteritis. The present study investigated the presence of CaKV in fecal samples from 53 diarrheic dogs from Londrina, southern Brazil. Using a RT-PCR assay, CaKV RNA was identified in three dogs, resulting in an overall occurrence rate of 5.7%. In addition, coinfection with canine parvovirus subtype 2b was detected in all CaKV-positive diarrheic fecal samples. Using a phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 gene sequence, the Brazilian CaKV field strains were found to be very similar to a previously identified CaKV strain from Brazil that was found in the tissue of a puppy and were also found to be clustered with other CaKV strains detected worldwide and other kobuvirus strains identified in mouse, feline, and human hosts.

Productivity of subjectivity and autonomy of nursing professionals in Pediatrics.

OBJECTIVE: To know the aspects involved in the production of subjectivity and autonomy of nursing professionals working in Pediatric Units. METHOD: An exploratory and descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, performed with users, professionals and nursing managers, totaling 44 participants. Data collection took place in the pediatric hospitalization units of two University Hospitals through semi-structured interviews, organized and treated by Nvivo 10 software and then submitted to content analysis. RESULTS: The production of subjectivity and autonomy in nursing workers involves both the conditions of the work environment as the relation of the nursing team, the relation of hierarchy and the profile of the professional that works in the Pediatric Unit. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The valorization path of the nursing profession emerges, whose knowledge and competence in the area of work contribute to the construction of autonomous subjectivities.

Strategies of care for adolescent users of crack undergoing treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the care strategies of the adolescent crack user under treatment. METHODS: Study of qualitative approach of descriptive type. The participants were 20 professionals from the Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (Center for Psychosocial Care Alcohol and Drugs) and 10 professionals from the Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-juvenil (Center for Child Psychosocial Care) in a municipality in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Data collection occurred through semi-structured interviews and the data were submitted to Thematic Analysis. RESULTS: It was identified the development of strategies in four scopes: attractive activities in specialized services, the building of bonds between the team and the adolescent, the inclusion of family in the care and the intersectoral work. CONCLUSIONS: Care strategies, directed to and that address the needs of adolescents, contribute to better adherence to treatment and social reintegration.

Aspectos da confortabilidade de mulheres hospitalizadas na unidade materno-infantil: perspectiva dos profissionais de enfermagem / Aspectos involucrados en la comodidad de mujeres hospitalizadas en la unidad materno infantil: perspectiva de profesionales de enfermería / Aspects involved in the comfort of women hospitalized in the maternal and child unit: perspective of nursing professionals

Objetivo: conhecer os aspectos implicados na confortabilidade das mulheres hospitalizadas na unidade materno-infantil, na perspectiva dos profissionais de enfermagem. Método: pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo realizada em uma unidade materno-infantil, com 21 profissionais de enfermagem. A coleta de dados ocorreu por entrevista semiestruturada e, posteriormente, os dados foram submetidos a análise temática. Resultados: dentre os aspectos que contribuem para a confortabilidade destacam-se: mobiliário, serviço de hotelaria, métodos não farmacológicos para alívio da dor, respeito às escolhas da parturiente, direito ao acompanhante e disponibilidade da equipe. Como aspectos que dificultam a confortabilidade evidenciou-se a necessidade de adequação da estrutura física com a adoção de quartos pré-parto, parto e pós-parto, e espaços que permitam a vivência do luto em situações de óbito fetal. Considerações finais: a confortabilidade não está relacionada somente aos aspectos estruturais, materiais ou arquitetônicos, mas envolve as relações e interações estabelecidas na unidade materno-infantil.

Objetivo: conocer los aspectos involucrados en el confort de la mujer hospitalizada en la unidad materno-infantil, desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de enfermería. Método: investigación cualitativa exploratoria y descriptiva; realizada en una unidad materno-infantil, con 21 profesionales de enfermería. La recolección de datos ocurrió a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, y posteriormente los datos fueron sometidos al análisis temático. Resultados: entre los aspectos que contribuyen al confort, se destacan: mobiliario, servicio hotelero, métodos no farmacológicos para el alivio del dolor, respeto a las elecciones de la parturienta, derecho a acompañante y disponibilidad del equipo. Como aspectos que dificultan el confort, se evidenció la necesidad de adecuar la estructura física con la adopción de salas de preparto, parto y posparto, y espacios que permitan la vivencia del duelo en situaciones de muerte fetal. Consideraciones finales: el confort no sólo está relacionado con aspectos estructurales, materiales o arquitectónicos, sino que involucra las relaciones e interacciones que se establecen en la unidad materno-infantil.

Objective: to know the aspects involved in the comfortability of women hospitalized in the maternal and child unit, from the perspective of nursing professionals. Method: qualitative exploratory and descriptive research conducted in a maternal-child unit with 21 nursing professionals. Data collection occurred by semi-structured interview, and subsequently the data were submitted to thematic analysis. Results: among the aspects that contribute to comfortability stand out: furniture, hospitality service, non-pharmacological methods for pain relief, respect for the choices of the parturient, right to the companion and availability of the team. As aspects that hinder comfortability, it was evidenced the need to adapt the physical structure with the adoption of pre-delivery, delivery and post-delivery rooms, and spaces that allow the experience of grief in situations of fetal death. Final considerations: comfortability is not only related to structural, material or architectural aspects, but involves the relationships and interactions established in the maternal-child unit.

Aspectos implicados no protagonismo das mulheres no trabalho de parto e no nascimento do bebê / Aspects involved in the protagonism of women in labor and childbirth / Aspectos que intervienen en el protagonismo de la mujer en el trabajo de parto y el parto

Objetivo: compreender os aspectos implicados no protagonismo das mulheres trabalho de parto e parto. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa; realizada na unidade materno-infantil de um Hospital Escola. Participaram 22 mulheres internadas na unidade e 21 profissionais de enfermagem. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: elencaram-se como aspectos que potencializam o protagonismo das mulheres: atenção, esclarecimento de dúvidas, respeito as escolhas e cuidado pautado em evidências científicas. Como aspectos que dificultam o protagonismo: falta de engajamento dos médicos nas ações direcionadas à humanização do parto, desvalorização da fala das mulheres, colocações agressivas e restrições do espaço físico. Considerações Finais: para as mulheres serem protagonistas do parto, exercitando sua autonomia por meio de escolhas conscientes, é necessária a realização de educação em saúde no pré-natal; orientando-a acerca do trabalho de parto, seus direitos, conversando e esclarecendo suas dúvidas; num processo de empoderamento.(AU)

Objective: to understand the potentializing and limiting aspects of women's protagonism in labor and childbirth. Methods: qualitative research carried out in the maternal-infant unit of a Teaching Hospital. The study included 22 women admitted to the unit and 21 Nursing professionals. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews. Data were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: aspects that enhance the protagonism of women were listed: attention, clarification of questions, respect for choices; and care based on scientific evidence. The aspects that limit the protagonism were lack of engagement of physicians in actions aimed at the humanization of childbirth; devaluation of women's speech; aggressive placements; and physical space constraints. Final Considerations: for women to be protagonists of childbirth and exercise their autonomy through conscious choices, prenatal health education is necessary. This education should include guidance on labor and the rights of pregnant women, conversations, and clarification of questions, in an empowerment process.(AU)

Objetivo: comprender los aspectos potencializadores y limitantes del protagonismo de las mujeres en el trabajo de parto y nacimiento. Métodos: investigación cualitativa; realizada en la unidad maternoinfantil de un Hospital Escuela. Participaron 22 mujeres internas en la unidad y 21 profesionales de Enfermería. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis temático. Resultados: se eligieron como aspectos que potencializan el protagonismo de las mujeres: la atención, la aclaración de dudas, el respeto a las elecciones y el cuidado basado en pruebas científicas; aspectos que limitan el protagonismo: la falta de compromiso de los médicos en las acciones dirigidas a la humanización del parto, la desvalorización de la fe de las mujeres, las actitudes agresivas y las restricciones del espacio físico. Consideraciones finales: para que la mujer sea protagonista del parto, ejerciendo su autonomía a través de elecciones conscientes, es necesario realizar educación para la salud en el prenatal, orientándola sobre el parto y sus derechos y conversando y aclarando sus dudas en un proceso de empoderamiento.(AU)

Lifeworld: socio-environmental influence on crack cocaine use by teenagers.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the influence of the lifeworld on crack cocaine use by teenagers undergoing treatment at the Psychosocial Care Center for users of alcohol and other drugs. METHOD: Qualitative research carried out with thirteen teenagers attended at the Psychosocial Care Center for users of alcohol and other drugs, from a municipality in the South of Brazil. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and the Comprehensive Analysis was carried out from the Phenomenology of the Social World of Alfred Schütz. RESULTS: In the lifeworld, there is influence of the community to which the teenager belongs; of the family, by the excess of permissibility and being in an environment of drug use and violence; and the school, where it is influenced by individuals to consume them. CONCLUSION: Elements from the lifeworld influence the teenager for the consumption of crack cocaine, being necessary actions contextualized with their world of life.

Conhecimento das mulheres que participam dos grupos virtuais hospedados no Facebook sobre o aleitamento materno / Knowledge about breastfeeding among women who participate in virtual groups hosted on Facebook / Conocimiento de las mujeres que participan en grupos virtuales alojados en Facebook sobre la lactancia materna

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento das mulheres que participam de grupos virtuais hospedados no Facebook sobre o aleitamento materno. Método: pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo, realizada no período de setembro a novembro de 2020, com 15 mulheres que participam de grupos inscritos no Facebook que abordam a temática aleitamento materno. Os dados foram coletados por meio do Google Forms e, posteriormente, submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: as participantes demonstraram conhecimento sobre os benefícios do aleitamento materno, a pega e o posicionamento correto ao seio. Elas compreendem o conceito de aleitamento materno exclusivo e livre demanda. O discurso recorrente como motivador para participação dos grupos virtuais baseia-se na busca de conhecimento. Conclusão: a educação em saúde tem sua importância reafirmada pelas participantes ao apontarem que as informações sobre o aleitamento materno foram obtidas predominantemente por meio dos serviços de saúde e estratégias, como curso/grupo de gestantes.

Objective: to identify the knowledge about breastfeeding of women who participate in virtual groups hosted on Facebook. Method: qualitative research, with an exploratory and descriptive nature, conducted from September to November 2020, with 15 women who participate in groups registered on Facebook that address the theme of breastfeeding. Data were collected using Google Forms and, subsequently, submitted to content analysis. Results: the participants demonstrated knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding, latching and the correct positioning at the breast. They understand the concept of exclusive breastfeeding and free demand. The recurrent speech as a motivator for participating in the virtual groups is based on the search for knowledge. Conclusion: health education has its importance reaffirmed by the participants when they pointed out that the information on breastfeeding was predominantly obtained through health services and strategies, such as courses/pregnant women's groups.

Objetivo: identificar los conocimientos de las mujeres que participan en grupos virtuales alojados en Facebook sobre la lactancia materna. Método: investigación cualitativa de naturaleza exploratoria y descriptiva, realizada en el período de septiembre a noviembre de 2020, con 15 mujeres que participan en grupos inscritos en Facebook que abordan el tema de la lactancia materna. Los datos se recopilaron mediante Google Forms y, posteriormente, se sometieron a un análisis de contenido. Resultados: las participantes demostraron conocimiento sobre los beneficios de la lactancia materna, la captura y la posición correcta del pecho. Comprenden el concepto de lactancia materna exclusiva y la libre demanda. El discurso recurrente como motivador de la participación en los grupos virtuales se basa en la búsqueda del conocimiento. Conclusión: la educación en salud tiene su importancia reafirmada por las participantes cuando admiten que las informaciones sobre la lactancia materna fueron obtenidas predominantemente por medio de los servicios de salud y estrategias, como curso/grupo de embarazadas.