Diagnostic accuracy of pelvic radiographs for the detection of traumatic pelvic fractures in the elderly.

PURPOSE: Prompt identification of traumatic pelvic fractures in the elderly is critical to guide clinical management; however, the accuracy of pelvic radiographs is often compromised by multiple factors. The purpose of this study is to examine the diagnostic accuracy of radiographs for the detection of pelvic fractures, with CT as the standard of reference. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of patients ≥ 65 years with traumatic pelvic fractures evaluated with both pelvic radiography and computed tomography (CT) from May 2016 to October 2019. Pelvic fractures were classified into fractures of the pubis, ilium, ischium, sacrum, and acetabulum. All pelvic radiographs were independently reviewed by two emergency radiologists. Original CT reports were utilized for the reference standard. RESULTS: 177 patients were included, with a total of 555 fractures. The mean age was 81 years and 68% were female. The most common mechanism of injury was fall (62%), followed by motor vehicle accidents (18%). The most fractured bone was the pubis (314/555 fractures). Global pooled sensitivity for pelvic radiographs in detecting pelvic fractures compared to CT was 48%, with a specificity of 93%. Sensitivity for the detection of pelvic fractures is classified by the following types: pubis 61%, acetabulum 60%, ilium 41%, sacrum 20%, and ischium 17%. Eighteen patients (10%) required surgical fixation. Mortality was 8%. CONCLUSION: Pelvic radiographs have low sensitivity in detecting traumatic pelvic fractures. These radiographically occult fractures may be clinically significant as a cause of long-term pain and may require orthopedic consultation and possible surgical management.

Imaging Spectrum of Duodenal Emergencies.

The duodenum, the first portion of the small bowel, is divided into four segments and extends to both retro- and intraperitoneal spaces. Some conditions arise primarily from the duodenum, but it can be secondarily affected by processes that involve neighboring structures. When duodenal emergencies are not identified and treated promptly, they may result in high morbidity and mortality. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of duodenal conditions in the acute setting. However, the radiologic findings can be subtle, and awareness of relevant patient history and clinical presentation is important as it may increase the index of suspicion and one's ability to diagnose these conditions. Duodenal peptic disease is common and can be complicated by bleeding and perforation. The duodenum can be secondarily involved by pancreatitis and gallbladder pathologic conditions and may be affected by iatrogenic complications following endoscopic procedures. Traumatic injuries to the duodenum are generally uncommon, with penetrating traumatic injury being the most frequent mechanism of injury. Duodenal vascular pathologic conditions such as aortoduodenal fistula are uncommon but can be life threatening. The knowledge of which pathologic condition can involve which duodenal segment can help the radiologist establish a differential diagnosis and achieve a more targeted imaging approach. The online slide presentation from the RSNA Annual Meeting is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2020.

Internal Rotation Traction Radiograph Improves Proximal Femoral Fracture Classification Accuracy and Agreement.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess the clinical utility of internal rotation traction radiography in the classification of proximal femoral fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study cohort included 78 consecutive patients who were surgically treated for a proximal femoral fracture and for whom preoperative physician-assisted internal rotation traction radiographs of the fractured hip were obtained in addition to standard radiographs. Two radiologists who were blinded to clinical information independently classified each fracture without the traction view and then with the traction view. The radiologists also reported their confidence (expressed as a percentage) in their classifications. The reference standard was the consensus interpretation of intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopic images by two orthopedic surgeons and one radiologist. Classification accuracy was compared using the McNemar test. Subjective confidence and confidence-weighted accuracy were compare using paired t tests. Agreement with the reference standard and interreader agreement were calculated using the kappa statistic and were compared using the z-test after bootstrapping was performed to obtain the standard error. RESULTS: With the traction view, the pooled accuracy increased from 44.9% to 72.4%, subjective confidence increased from 87% to 94%, and confidence-weighted accuracy increased from 51.7% to 74.3% (p < 0.001). With the traction view, the kappa statistic for agreement with the reference standard increased from 0.530 to 0.791 and from 0.381 to 0.625 for the two readers, and interreader agreement increased from 0.480 to 0.678 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The addition of an internal rotation traction radiographic view significantly improves radiologist accuracy and confidence as well as interreader agreement in the classification of proximal femoral fractures, all of which would be expected to best guide appropriate surgical management.

Color postprocessing of conventional CT images: preliminary results in assessment of nondisplaced proximal femoral fractures.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the diagnostic performance and effect on reader confidence of a custom computed tomography (CT) color postprocessing algorithm for assessment of nondisplaced proximal femoral fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four radiologists, including two PGY-3 radiology residents and two emergency radiologists, independently interpreted 30 CT examinations of the hip and/or pelvis performed for trauma, consisting of a total of 15 cases positive for nondisplaced hip fracture and 15 age and sex-matched controls. Images were reviewed first with conventional CT images and after at least 8 weeks, all images were reviewed again with the addition of coronal color postprocessed images. Sensitivity and specificity were compared with McNemar's test, and diagnostic confidence was compared with paired t tests. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in diagnostic performance between conventional and postprocessed images, although there was nominally increased sensitivity and decreased specificity with the postprocessed images: for all readers, the sensitivity and specificity for conventional images was 88.3 and 95.0%, compared to 93.3% (p = 0.25) and 88.3% (p = 0.14) for postprocessed images. Three of four readers (including both attending radiologists) reported an increase in confidence with postprocessed images for cases negative for fracture (10-point confidence scale of 7.25 for conventional images, compared to 8.2 for postprocessed images for all readers, p = 0.0053). There was no difference in diagnostic confidence for cases positive for fracture. CONCLUSIONS: A custom color CT postprocessing algorithm did not demonstrate a significant difference in diagnostic performance for assessment of nondisplaced proximal femoral fractures within the limitations of a relatively small sample size; however, postprocessing increases confidence of experienced readers in cases negative for fracture.

Changing dietary habits among Akwen Xerente.

The research aimed to identify the current feed of Xerente people in Indian villages Porteira and Funil in the city of Tocantinia / TO. It was used a qualitative ethnographic approach. Conducted from September 2013 to August 2014. The data were presented in a diary, through participant observation of food practices with the guidance of a script. A process of dietary change that permeates the culture of this people is taking place. Factors such as the deficit in the planting gardens, the recent arrival of energy, and therefore the technology has allowed access to processed foods. But some families still maintain the farming of cassava, yam, and beans. The main animals that are hunted in the village are peccary, deer and armadillo. It was possible to point which foods are inserted in the Xerente feed and factors related to this situation. A pesquisa objetivou identificar a alimentação atual do povo Xerente, nas aldeias indígenas Porteira e Funil, no município de Tocantínia / TO. Utilizou-se uma abordagem etnográfica qualitativa. Realizada entre setembro de 2013 a agosto de 2014. Os dados foram descritos através de um diário de campo, por meio da observação das práticas alimentares com a orientação de um roteiro. Está ocorrendo um processo de mudança alimentar na cultura deste povo. Fatores como o déficit no plantio das roças, a chegada da energia, e consequentemente a tecnologia, permitiu o acesso a alimentos industrializados. Mas algumas famílias ainda mantem o cultivo de mandioca, inhame, feijão andu. Os principais animais que são caçados na aldeia são caititu, veado e tatu. Foi possível encontrar a presença de alimentos industrializados inseridos na alimentação do Xerente e isso tem provocado alterações nos hábitos desse povo.

The Boston Marathon bombing: after-action review of the Brigham and Women's Hospital emergency radiology response.

PURPOSE: To analyze imaging utilization and emergency radiology process turnaround times in response to the April 15, 2013, Boston Marathon bombing in order to identify opportunities for improvement in the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) emergency operations plan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained with waivers of informed consent. Patient demographics, injuries, and outcomes were gathered, along with measures of emergency department (ED) imaging utilization and turnaround times, which were compared with operations from the preceding year by using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess contributors to examination cancellations. RESULTS: Forty patients presented to BWH after the bombing; 16 were admitted and 24 were discharged home. There were no fatalities. Ten patients required emergent surgery. Blast injury types included 13 (33%) primary, 20 (51%) secondary, three (8%) tertiary, and 19 (49%) quaternary. Thirty-one patients (78%) underwent imaging in the ED; 57 radiographic examinations in 30 patients and 16 computed tomographic (CT) examinations in seven patients. Sixty-two radiographic and 14 CT orders were cancelled. Median time from blast to patient arrival was 97 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 43-139 minutes), patient arrival to ED examination order, 24 minutes (IQR, 12-50 minutes), order to examination completion, 49 minutes (IQR, 26-70 minutes), and examination completion to available dictated text report, 75 minutes (IQR, 19-147 minutes). Examination completion turnaround times were significantly increased for radiography (52 minutes [IQR, 26-73 minutes] vs annual median, 31 minutes [IQR, 19-48 minutes]; P = .001) and decreased for CT (37 minutes [IQR, 26-50 minutes] vs annual median, 72 minutes [IQR, 40-129 minutes]; P = .001). There were no significant differences in report availability turnaround time (75 minutes [IQR, 19-147 minutes] vs annual median, 74 minutes [IQR, 35-127 minutes]; P = .34). CONCLUSION: The surge in imaging utilization after the Boston Marathon bombing stressed emergency radiology operations. Process analysis enabled identification of successes and opportunities for improvement in ongoing emergency operations planning. © RSNA, 2014.

[Scribbling and doodling: social representations by children expressed in drawings, regarding the experience of blood sampling]. / Risco e rabisco: representações sociais de crianças expressas em desenhos acerca do procedimento de coleta sanguínea.

The scope of this article was to identify the social representations of children in a municipal public school in Rio de Janeiro, with respect to the blood sampling procedure and to discuss the social representations that emerge, in the light of the performance of the family health team in carrying out this procedure. Moscovisci's method/theory of analysis of social representations based on a qualitative approach was used. For data collection, the projective technique of the esthetic production scene and the student's speech was used. The results were grouped into four categories: 1) structural dimensions involved in the blood sampling procedure; 2) dimension of the human component and its interface in the blood sampling procedure; 3) the psycho-emotional dimension portrayed in the blood sampling procedure; and 4) blood sampling: the importance for student health. With respect to the importance of blood sampling, we highlight the perception of students regarding the importance of actions aimed at prevention and health care promotion.

Objetivou-se identificar as representações sociais de crianças de uma escola pública municipal do Rio de Janeiro acerca do procedimento de coleta sanguínea e discutir as representações sociais emergidas, à luz da atuação da equipe de saúde da família na realização desse procedimento. Utilizou-se o método e a teoria de análise das representações sociais fundamentadas por Moscovisci e Jodelet, numa abordagem qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados, empregou-se a técnica projetiva de cena de produção estética e do discurso do escolar. Os resultados foram agrupados em quatro categorias: 1) dimensões estruturais que envolvem o procedimento de coleta sanguínea; 2) dimensão do componente humano e sua interface no procedimento de coleta sanguínea; 3) a dimensão psicoemocional retratada no procedimento de coleta sanguínea e 4) a coleta de sangue: a importância para a saúde do escolar. No que diz respeito à importância da coleta sanguínea, evidenciamos a percepção de escolares para a importância de ações voltadas à prevenção e promoção da saúde.

Silver nanoparticle conductive inks: synthesis, characterization, and fabrication of inkjet-printed flexible electrodes.

Flexible electronics can be developed with a low-cost and simple fabrication process while being environmentally friendly. Conductive silver inks have been the most applied material in flexible substrates. This study evaluated the performance of different conductive ink formulations using silver nanoparticles by studying the material properties, the inkjet printing process, and application based on electrical impedance spectroscopy using a buffer solution. Silver nanoparticles synthesis was carried out through chemical reduction of silver nitrate; then, seven conductive ink formulations were produced. Properties such as resistivity, viscosity, surface tension, adhesion, inkjet printability of the inks, and electrical impedance of the printed electrodes were investigated. Curing temperature directly influenced the electrical properties of the inks. The resistivity obtained varied from 3.3 × 100 to 5.6 × 10-06 Ω.cm. Viscosity ranged from 3.7 to 7.4 mPa.s, which is suitable for inkjet printing fabrication. By using a buffer solution as an analyte, the printed electrode pairs presented electrical impedance lower than 200 Ω for all the proposed designs, demonstrating the potential of the formulated inks for utilization in flexible electronic devices for biological sensing applications.

Molecular identification of blood meals in mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) in urban and forested habitats in southern Brazil.

The study of host associations of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) provides valuable information to assist in our understanding of a variety of related issues, from their life-history to the entomological surveillance of pathogens. In this study, we identified and characterized mosquito blood meals from both urban and forested areas in the city of Paranaguá, state of Paraná, Brazil, by analyzing the amplification of host DNA ingested by mosquitoes under different storage conditions and digestion levels. Host DNA preservation was evaluated in fresh blood meals according to storage duration (30 to 180 days) and temperature (-20°C / -80°C) and, in digested blood, according the degree of digestion classified on the Sella scale. Molecular analysis of blood meals was based on DNA extraction and amplification of a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. We determined that, up to180 days of storage, the evaluated temperatures did not influence the preservation of fresh blood meals DNA, whereas the amplification success was increasingly reduced over the course of the digestion process. The species Anopheles cruzii, Aedes fluviatilis, Aedes scapularis, Psorophora ferox, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex mollis, and Culex intrincatus, together with specimens representing four subgenera and one genus of Culicidae [Ae. (Ochlerotatus), Cx. (Culex), Cx. (Melanoconion), Cx. (Microculex), and Limatus, respectively] had their blood meals identified. Their diverse host use was evidenced by the identification of 19 species of vertebrate host, namely two amphibians, three mammals and 14 birds. Birds were the most commonly identified host in blood meals. These results not only show the diversity of mosquito hosts, but also underscore the challenges involved in monitoring arboviruses of public health importance, given potential combinations of host use for each mosquito species.

Comparative analysis of Mouse Inoculation Test and Virus Isolation in Cell Culture for rabies diagnosis in animals of Parana, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Rabies is an acute zoonotic disease, caused by a rhabdovirus that can affect all mammals, and is commonly transmitted by the bite of a rabid animal. The definitive diagnosis is laboratorial, by the Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) as a quick test and Mouse Inoculation Test (MIT) as a confirmatory test (gold standard). Studies conducted over the past three decades indicate that MIT and Virus Isolation in Cell Culture (VICC) can provide the same effectiveness, the latter being considered superior in bioethics and animal welfare. The aim of this study was to compare VICC with MIT, in terms of accuracy, biosafety and occupational health, supply and equipment costs, bioethics and animal welfare, in a Brazilian public health lab. METHODS: We utilized 400 samples of animal neurological tissue to compare the performance of VICC against MIT. The variables analyzed were accuracy, biosafety and occupational health, time spent in performing the tests, supply and equipment costs, bioethics and animal welfare evaluation. RESULTS: Both VICC and MIT had almost the same accuracy (99.8%), although VICC presented fewer risks regarding biosafety and mental health of the technicians, and reduced time between inoculation and obtaining the results (approximately 22 days less). In addition, VICC presented lower supply costs (86.5% less), equipment costs (32.6% less), and the advantage of not using animals. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that VICC can replace MIT, offering the same accuracy and better features regarding cost, results, biosafety and occupational health, and bioethics and animal welfare.

Computed Tomography Window Blending: Feasibility in Thoracic Trauma.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of processing computed tomography (CT) images with a custom window blending algorithm that combines soft-tissue, bone, and lung window settings into a single image; to compare the time for interpretation of chest CT for thoracic trauma with window blending and conventional window settings; and to assess diagnostic performance of both techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adobe Photoshop was scripted to process axial DICOM images from retrospective contrast-enhanced chest CTs performed for trauma with a window-blending algorithm. Two emergency radiologists independently interpreted the axial images from 103 chest CTs with both blended and conventional windows. Interpretation time and diagnostic performance were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank test and McNemar test, respectively. Agreement with Nexus CT Chest injury severity was assessed with the weighted kappa statistic. RESULTS: A total of 13,295 images were processed without error. Interpretation was faster with window blending, resulting in a 20.3% time saving (P < .001), with no difference in diagnostic performance, within the power of the study to detect a difference in sensitivity of 5% as determined by post hoc power analysis. The sensitivity of the window-blended cases was 82.7%, compared to 81.6% for conventional windows. The specificity of the window-blended cases was 93.1%, compared to 90.5% for conventional windows. All injuries of major clinical significance (per Nexus CT Chest criteria) were correctly identified in all reading sessions, and all negative cases were correctly classified. All readers demonstrated near-perfect agreement with injury severity classification with both window settings. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study utilizing retrospective data, window blending allows faster preliminary interpretation of axial chest CT performed for trauma, with no significant difference in diagnostic performance compared to conventional window settings. Future studies would be required to assess the utility of window blending in clinical practice.

Risco e rabisco: representações sociais de crianças expressas em desenhos acerca do procedimento de coleta sanguínea / Scribbling and doodling: social representations by children expressed in drawings, regarding the experience of blood sampling

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar as representações sociais de crianças de uma escola pública municipal do Rio de Janeiro acerca do procedimento de coleta sanguínea e discutir as representações sociais emergidas, à luz da atuação da equipe de saúde da família na realização desse procedimento. Utilizou-se o método e a teoria de análise das representações sociais fundamentadas por Moscovisci e Jodelet, numa abordagem qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados, empregou-se a técnica projetiva de cena de produção estética e do discurso do escolar. Os resultados foram agrupados em quatro categorias: 1) dimensões estruturais que envolvem o procedimento de coleta sanguínea; 2) dimensão do componente humano e sua interface no procedimento de coleta sanguínea; 3) a dimensão psicoemocional retratada no procedimento de coleta sanguínea e 4) a coleta de sangue: a importância para a saúde do escolar. No que diz respeito à importância da coleta sanguínea, evidenciamos a percepção de escolares para a importância de ações voltadas à prevenção e promoção da saúde.

Abstract The scope of this article was to identify the social representations of children in a municipal public school in Rio de Janeiro, with respect to the blood sampling procedure and to discuss the social representations that emerge, in the light of the performance of the family health team in carrying out this procedure. Moscovisci's method/theory of analysis of social representations based on a qualitative approach was used. For data collection, the projective technique of the esthetic production scene and the student's speech was used. The results were grouped into four categories: 1) structural dimensions involved in the blood sampling procedure; 2) dimension of the human component and its interface in the blood sampling procedure; 3) the psycho-emotional dimension portrayed in the blood sampling procedure; and 4) blood sampling: the importance for student health. With respect to the importance of blood sampling, we highlight the perception of students regarding the importance of actions aimed at prevention and health care promotion.

Multimodality imaging of pancreatic and biliary congenital anomalies.

A wide spectrum of anomalies of the pancreas, the pancreatic ductal system, and the biliary tree are commonly encountered at radiologic evaluation. These anomalies may simulate various neoplastic, inflammatory, and posttraumatic conditions and should be part of the differential diagnosis for a variety of abnormalities found at diagnostic imaging. Anatomic variants, developmental anomalies (eg, pancreas divisum, annular pancreas, ectopic pancreas, pancreatic agenesis and hypoplasia), and congenital diseases (congenital pancreatic cysts, von Hippel-Lindau disease, choledochal cysts), in addition to potential imaging pitfalls (uneven distribution of fat, "pseudomasses"), can all pose a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist. Familiarity with these anomalies, the imaging techniques available for their study, and their variable imaging manifestations is necessary for differentiating them from other biliary and pancreatic conditions. A basic understanding of the embryologic development and normal anatomy of the pancreas and biliary tree is also essential for identifying these anomalies.

SEROLOGICAL DETECTION OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS IN FREE-RANGING NEOTROPICAL PRIMATES (Sapajus spp., Alouatta caraya) FROM THE PARANÁ RIVER BASIN, BRAZIL.

Nonhuman primates are considered as the natural hosts of Hepatitis A virus (HAV), as well as other pathogens, and can serve as natural sentinels to investigate epizootics and endemic diseases that are of public health importance. During this study, blood samples were collected from 112 Neotropical primates (NTPs) (Sapajus nigritus and S. cay, n = 75; Alouatta caraya, n = 37) trap-captured at the Paraná River basin, Brazil, located between the States of Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul. Anti-HAV IgG antibodies were detected in 4.5% (5/112) of NTPs, specifically in 6.7% (5/75) of Sapajus spp. and 0% (0/37) of A. caraya. In addition, all samples were negative for the presence of IgM anti-HAV antibodies. These results suggest that free-ranging NTPs were exposed to HAV within the geographical regions evaluated.

Multislice CT colonography: current status and limitations.

CT colonography (CTC) is a promising method for colorectal cancer screening because it provides a full structural evaluation of the entire colon. It has a superior safety profile, a low rate of complications, and high patient acceptance. In addition, CTC offers the real possibility of eliminating the cathartic bowel preparation, one of the biggest obstacles to patient compliance with colorectal cancer screening. Results of CTC studies in recently published literature are extremely encouraging, demonstrating that this method of screening can detect lesions equal to or larger than 8 mm with few false-positive findings.

Terrorist bombings: foreign bodies from the Boston Marathon bombing.

On April 15, 2013, 2 improvised explosive devices detonated at the 117th Boston Marathon, killing 3 people and injuring 264 others. In this article, the foreign bodies and injuries that presented at 2 of the responding level 1 trauma hospitals in Boston-Brigham and Women׳s Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital--are reviewed with a broader discussion of blast injuries and imaging strategies.

Vitamin d deficiency is associated with insulin resistance independent of intracellular calcium, dietary calcium and serum levels of parathormone, calcitriol and calcium in premenopausal women.

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, it is not known if this association is independent of dietary calcium, intracellular calcium and serum levels of parathormone, calcitriol and calcium. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the independent relationship of vitamin D deficiency with insulin resistance, lipid profile, inflammatory status, blood pressure and endothelial function. METHOD: Cross-sectional study conducted with 73 healthy Brazilian premenopausal women aged 18 - 50 years. All participants were evaluated for: 25 hydroxyvitamin D serum levels, anthropometric parameters, body composition, calcium metabolism, insulin resistance, lipoprotein profile, inflammatory status, blood pressure and endothelial function. Endothelial function was assessed by reactive hyperemia index using Endo-PAT 2000®. Women were stratified in two groups: with vitamin D deficiency (25 hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/ml; n=12) and without vitamin D deficiency (25 hydroxyvitamin D ≥ 20 ng/ml; n=61). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Participants with vitamin D deficiency compared with those without deficiency of this vitamin had significantly higher levels of glucose (88.25 ± 3.24 vs. 80.15 ± 1.13 mg/dl), greater HOMA-IR (6.43 ± 0.73 vs. 4.42 ± 0.25) and lower reactive hyperemia index (1.68 ± 0.1 vs. 2.17 ± 0.1). After adjustments for confounding factors including age, body mass index, waist circumference, dietary calcium, intracellular calcium and serum levels of parathormone, calcitriol and calcium differences between groups remained significant, regarding glucose and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study suggest that vitamin D deficiency is associated with insulin resistance independent of dietary calcium, intracellular calcium and serum levels of parathormone, calcitriol and calcium in healthy premenopausal women.

Introducción: Hay evidencias de que la deficiencia de vitamina D se asocia con mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Sin embargo, no se sabe si esta asociación es independiente de calcio en la dieta, el calcio intracelular y los niveles séricos de hormona paratiroidea, calcitriol y calcio. Objetivos: investigar la relación independiente de la deficiencia de vitamina D con resistencia a la insulina, el perfil lipídico, el estado inflamatorio, la presión arterial y la función endotelial. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con 73 mujeres pre menopáusicas sanas brasileñas con edad 18-50 años. Todos los participantes fueron evaluados para: niveles séricos de 25 hidroxivitamina D, parámetros antropométricos, la composición corporal, metabolismo del calcio, resistencia a la insulina, el perfil de lipoproteínas, estado inflamatorio, la presión arterial y la función endotelial. La función endotelial fue evaluada por el índice de hiperemia reactiva mediante el uso de Endo-PAT 2000®. Las mujeres fueron estratificados en dos grupos: con deficiencia de vitamina D (25 hidroxivitamina D.

Evaluation of arboviruses of public health interest in free-living non-human primates (Alouatta spp., Callithrix spp., Sapajus spp.) in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of arboviruses from the Flavivirus genus in asymptomatic free-living non-human primates (NHPs) living in close contact with humans and vectors in the States of Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: NHP sera samples (total n = 80, Alouatta spp. n = 07, Callithrix spp. n = 29 and Sapajus spp. n = 44) were screened for the presence of viral genomes using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis techniques. RESULTS: All of the samples were negative for the Flavivirus genome following the 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These negative results indicate that the analyzed animals were not infected with arboviruses from the Flavivirus genus and did not represent a risk for viral transmission through vectors during the period in which the samples were collected.

Schwannoma axilar. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Axillary Schwannoma. Case report and literature reviewz

Introducción: El schwannoma (neurinoma o neurilemoma) es un tumor benigno originado en la vaina de mielina de los nervios periféricos a partir de la células de Schwann. En su variedad benigna es el tumor más frecuente dependiente de esta estructuras. Se manifiesta entre la tercera y quinta década de vida, sin distinción de género. La localización axilar es extremadamente infrecuente, constituyendo el 5% de todos los casos reportados. Los schwannomas son tumores bien delimitados y de lento crecimiento. La presentación más frecuente es como masa palpable o por la sintomatología clínica correspondiente al territorio de inervación del nervio afectado. Es importante tener en cuenta que estas lesiones puedes formar parte de cuadros clínicos de base genética más complejos como la neurofibromatosis, entre otros. El método diagnóstico de elección es la resonancia magnética nuclear. El tratamiento consiste en la extirpación de la lesión tratando de preservar la función de la estructura nerviosa afectada. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar el reporte de un caso de lesión compatible con schwannoma axilar y realizar un revisión de la literatura.

Introduction: Schwannoma (neurinoma or neurilemoma) is a benign tumor originated in myelin sheath of peripheral nerves from schwann cells. In its benign variety, it is the most frequent tumor dependent of these structures. It appears between the third and fifth decade of life without distinction of geder. Axillary location is extremely rare, accounting for 5% of all reported cases. Schwqnnomas are well-defide, slow-growing tumors. The most frequent presentation is as palpabel mass or due to the clinical symptoms corresponding to the innervation territory of the affected nerve. It's important to know that these lesions can be part of more complex genetic-based clinical cases such as neurofibromatosis. The diagnostic method of choice is magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment cosists of excising the lesion, trying to preserve the function of the affected nerve structure. Objetive: The aim of this report is to describe our experience with one case of axillary schwannoma diagnosed in our institution and to perform a review of the literature.

Escolhas alimentares entre as beneficiárias do programa Bolsa Família / Food choices among beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program

Objetivo: Conhecer os determinantes das escolhas alimentares entre as beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família em um município do interior da Bahia. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com mulheres adultas titulares do Programa. Foram realizadas entrevistas para a aplicação do questionário de marcadores de consumo alimentar, da ficha de cadastro e acompanhamento nutricional do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional, e do questionário sobre motivo das escolhas alimentares. Resultados: : Foram avaliadas 40 mulheres, todas consideradas de baixa renda, pretas e pardas (90%), com idade entre 20 e 39 anos (57,5%) e escolaridade superior a quatro anos de estudos (62,5%). Observaram-se maior consumo de feijão, frutas e bebidas adoçadas, e baixa ingestão de verduras e alimentos ultraprocessados. Os motivos das escolhas alimentares com maior grau de importância foram o apelo sensorial, a saúde e o preço dos alimentos; aqueles com menor relevância foram conveniência e humor. Conclusão: Um conjunto de determinantes é responsável pelas escolhas alimentares: alguns relacionados ao alimento, outros vinculados ao indivíduo e aqueles ainda referentes aos aspectos sociais, culturais, éticos, entre outros. Assim, conhecer os principais determinantes torna-se essencial para a compreensão do consumo alimentar das beneficiárias do Bolsa Família e as repercussões sobre o estado nutricional, auxiliando nutricionistas, demais profissionais de saúde e gestores públicos na adoção de estratégias que promovam a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional das famílias de baixa renda. (AU)

Objective: To know the determinants of food choices among the beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program in a city in the State of Bahia. Methods: This is a crosssectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted with adult women who were beneficiaries of the Program. Interviews were conducted by the application of dietary intake markers questionnaire, the registration form, and the nutritional monitoring of Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, and the questionnaire exploring the reason for food choices. Results: fourty women participated in the study, all of them were considered to be low income, 90% were black and brown 57.5% aged 20 to 39 years old, and 62.5% had more than four years of education. Higher consumption of beans, fruits and sweetened beverages and low intake of vegetables and ultraprocessed foods were observed. The most important food choices reasons were sensory appeal, health and food prices; the least relevant were convenience and mood.Conclusion: A set of determinants is responsible for food choices: some related to food, others are individual-related, and still are related to social, cultural, and ethical factors, among others. Hence, it is fundamental to know the main determinants in order to understand the food consumption of Bolsa Família beneficiaries and the impacts on nutritional status, helping nutritionists, health professionals, and public managers when it comes to adopting strategies that promote Food and Nutrition Security of low income families. (AU)