JRK binds satellite III DNA and is necessary for the heat shock response.

JRK is a DNA-binding protein of the pogo superfamily of transposons, which includes the well-known centromere binding protein B (CENP-B). Jrk null mice exhibit epilepsy, and growth and reproductive disorders, consistent with its relatively high expression in the brain and reproductive tissues. Human JRK DNA variants and gene expression levels are implicated in cancers and neuropsychiatric disorders. JRK protein modulates ß-catenin-TCF activity but little is known of its cellular functions. Based on its homology to CENP-B, we determined whether JRK binds centromeric or other satellite DNAs. We show that human JRK binds satellite III DNA, which is abundant at the chromosome 9q12 juxtacentromeric region and on Yq12, both sites of nuclear stress body assembly. Human JRK-GFP overexpressed in HeLa cells strongly localises to 9q12. Using an anti-JRK antiserum we show that endogenous JRK co-localises with a subset of centromeres in non-stressed cells, and with heat shock factor 1 following heat shock. Knockdown of JRK in HeLa cells proportionately reduces heat shock protein gene expression in heat-shocked cells. A role for JRK in regulating the heat shock response is consistent with the mouse Jrk null phenotype and suggests that human JRK may act as a modifier of diseases with a cellular stress component.

Astroglial and oligodendroglial markers in the cuprizone animal model for de- and remyelination.

Myelin loss with consecutive axon degeneration and impaired remyelination are the underlying causes of progressive disease in patients with multiple sclerosis. Astrocytes are suggested to play a major role in these processes. The unmasking of distinct astrocyte identities in health and disease would help to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms in which astrocytes are involved. However, the number of specific astrocyte markers is limited. Therefore, we performed immunohistochemical studies and analyzed various markers including GFAP, vimentin, S100B, ALDH1L1, and LCN2 during de- and remyelination using the toxic murine cuprizone animal model. Applying this animal model, we were able to confirm overlapping expression of vimentin and GFAP and highlighted the potential of ALDH1L1 as a pan-astrocytic marker, in agreement with previous data. Only a small population of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the corpus callosum highly up-regulated LCN2 at the peak of demyelination and S100B expression was found in a subset of oligodendroglia as well, thus S100B turned out to have a limited use as a particular astroglial marker. Additionally, numerous GFAP-positive astrocytes in the lateral corpus callosum did not express S100B, further strengthening findings of heterogeneity in the astrocytic population. In conclusion, our results acknowledged that GFAP, vimentin, LCN2, and ALDH1L1 serve as reliable marker to identify activated astrocytes during cuprizone-induced de- and remyelination. Moreover, there were clear regional and temporal differences in protein and mRNA expression levels and patterns of the studied markers, generally between gray and white matter structures.

Differentiation of subclinical and clinical electrographic events in long-term electroencephalographic recordings.

OBJECTIVE: With the advent of ultra-long-term recordings for monitoring of epilepsies, the interpretation of results of isolated electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings covering only selected brain regions attracts considerable interest. In this context, the question arises of whether detected ictal EEG patterns correspond to clinically manifest seizures or rather to purely electrographic events, that is, subclinical events. METHODS: EEG patterns from 268 clinical seizures and 252 subclinical electrographic events from 50 patients undergoing video-EEG monitoring were analyzed. Features extracted included predominant frequency band, duration, association with rhythmic muscle artifacts, spatial extent, and propagation patterns. Classification using logistic regression was performed based on data from the whole dataset of 10-20 system EEG recordings and from a subset of two temporal electrode contacts. RESULTS: Correct separation of clinically manifest and purely electrographic events based on 10-20 system EEG recordings was possible in up to 83.8% of events, depending on the combination of features included. Correct classification based on two-channel recordings was only slightly inferior, achieving 78.6% accuracy; 74.4% and 74.8%, respectively, of events could be correctly classified when using duration alone with either electrode set, although classification accuracies were lower for some subgroups of seizures, particularly focal aware seizures and epileptic arousals. SIGNIFICANCE: A correct classification of subclinical versus clinical EEG events was possible in 74%-83% of events based on full EEG recordings, and in 74%-78% when considering only a subset of two electrodes, matching the channel number available from new implantable diagnostic devices. This is a promising outcome, suggesting that ultra-long-term low-channel EEG recordings may provide sufficient information for objective seizure diaries. Intraindividual optimization using high numbers of ictal events may further improve separation, provided that supervised learning with external validation is feasible.

[Prognostic value of interim PET/CT in non-hodgkin lymphoma]. / Valor pronóstico del PET/CT interino en Linfoma no Hodgkin en comparación con factores pronósticos clásicos (IPI) y de composición corporal (sarcopenia/lipopenia).

BACKGROUND: The prognosis of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) depends on the type of lymphoma, the extension of the disease and the response to therapy. AIM: To evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment and interim PET/CT compared to classic prognosis factors and body composition measurement (sarcopenia, adipopenia) in patients with recently diagnosed NHL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with recently diagnosed NHL who had staging 18F-FDG PET/CT performed between December 2008 and August 2018 were selected. Age, gender, weight, height, B symptoms, laboratory tests, pathology, staging PET/CT findings (Ann Arbor, number of nodal groups and extranodal sites involved, Bulky, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis), Computed Tomography findings (psoas muscle mass index, psoas area, psoas density, subcutaneous fat index (all of them at L3 level), and Deauville score (Lugano Criteria) were recorded. The prognostic value of each of these factors was assessed using Cox multivariable regressions. RESULTS: Of 138 NHL studied patients (median 61 y, 15-87 y, 60.4% men), 31 of them died due to the disease. The median follow-up was 39 months (1-115 months). The strongest prognostic factors were: B symptoms (p < 0.01), anemia (p < 0.01), hypoalbuminemia (p: 0.01), sarcopenia (p < 0.01), adipopenia (p < 0.01), number of node groups involved (p < 0.01), MTV (p < 0.01), and a bad response in interim PET/CT (p < 0.01). In a comparative Cox multivariable analysis, interim PET/CT was the independent variable with the highest significance (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Early treatment response assessed by interim PET/CT is the strongest prognostic factor in NHL patients.

The activity of discrete sets of neurons in the posterior insula correlates with the behavioral expression and extinction of conditioned fear.

The interoceptive insular cortex is known to be involved in the perception of bodily states and emotions. Increasing evidence points to an additional role for the insula in the storage of fear memories. However, the activity of the insula during fear expression has not been studied. We addressed this issue by recording single units from the posterior insular cortex (pIC) of awake behaving rats expressing conditioned fear during its extinction. We found a set of pIC units showing either significant increase or decrease in activity during high fear expression to the auditory cue ("freezing units"). Firing rate of freezing units showed high correlation with freezing and outlasted the duration of the auditory cue. In turn, a different set of units showed either significant increase or decrease in activity during low fear state ("extinction units"). These findings show that expression of conditioned freezing is accompanied with changes in pIC neural activity and suggest that the pIC is important to regulate the behavioral expression of fear memory. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we show novel single-unit data from the interoceptive insula underlying the behavioral expression of fear. We show that different populations of neurons in the insula codify expression and extinction of conditioned fear. Our data add further support for the insula as an important player in the regulation of emotions.

[Hemophagocytic syndrome after kidney transplant in a patient with hereditary nephritis. Report of one case]. / Síndrome hemofagocítico en un trasplantado renal con síndrome de Alport.

We report a 28-year-old mole with a hereditary nephritis (Alport Syndrome) on hemodialysis for 5 years, who received a kidney graft from a deceased donor. Cyclosporine (CsA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and steroids were prescribed. In the postoperative period the patient had thrombophlebitis and diarrhea. A CT sean showed splenomegaly, ascites, bilateral pleural effusion and bowel edema. Laboratory showed hypoalbuminemia, increased C reactive protein (CRP) and panhypogammaglobulinemia. At day 32 after transplantation, an acute rejection (Banff II b) was diagnosed and treated with methylprednisolone, replacing CsA by tacrolimus. The acute rejection was controlled but six days later, high fever, pancytopenia and hyperferritinemia appeared. A bone marrow smear showed numerous histiocytes and hemophagocytosis. Hemophagocytic syndrome was diagnosed. MMF and tacrolimus were withdrawn and CsA was reinstituted. Fever fell quickly, CPR normalized at 24 hours and white blood cell count at 72 hours. Days later, the concentrations of albumin, immunoglobulins and hematological parameters normalized. The patient was discharged on day 57 after admission in good condition.

Effect of Human Adenovirus 36 on Response to Metformin Monotherapy in Obese Mexican Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Human adenovirus 36 (HAdV-36) has been associated with obesity and changes in glucose and lipid metabolism. The virus has been reported to increase insulin sensitivity and paradoxically promote weight gain. Because of its effects on metabolism, infection with the virus could alter the response to several drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes (DM2), such as metformin. The aim of this study was to test whether HAdV-36 affects the response to metformin in a group of obese patients with DM2. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, 103 obese patients with newly diagnosed DM2 were divided into two groups based on their HAdV-36 seropositivity (+HAdV-36 and -HAdV-36). Weight, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist and hip circumference were measured and compared in both groups at baseline and after 45 days of metformin treatment. RESULTS: Only glucose was significantly lower in the +HAdV-36 group at baseline, while all other variables were similar between the two study groups. After 45 days of follow-up, it was observed that the effect of metformin did not differ between the groups, but the variables improved significantly after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we did not find that HAdV-36 had an effect on the response to metformin in obese patients with DM2.

[Type B lactic acidosis associated with marginal lymphoma of the spleen: report of one case]. / Linfoma marginal del bazo asociado a acidosis láctica tipo B: caso clínico.

Lactic acidosis in the absence of hypoxia or tissue hypoperfusion (type B) is very rare and is associated with the use of some drugs or malignancy. We report a 79-year-old woman, with a marginal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the spleen that was subjected to a splenectomy one year ago. She presented with unexplained tachypnea associated with pancytopenia and elevation of IgM to 10 times over the higher normal limit. Laboratory tests showed the presence of metabolic acidosis and high lactic acid levels in the absence of infection, tissue hypoxia or hypoperfusion. She was treated with sodium bicarbonate and steroids without obtaining a reduction in lactate levels. Twelve days after admission, a single dose of Rituximab quickly normalized lactate concentrations and platelet count. After the fourth dose of Rituximab, pancytopenia disappeared and IgM fell to 25% of its baseline concentration.

Prevalence and Characterisation of Multiresistant Bacterial Strains Isolated in Pigs from the Island of Tenerife.

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can circulate among human and animal populations through direct contact with animals, as well as via food and the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and characterisation of multiresistant bacteria in pig samples. METHODS: 224 samples of pig livestock were taken at the slaughterhouse on the island of Tenerife. A nasal and a rectal sample were collected from each pig. The presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (MRCoNS), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (BLEE), carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was investigated. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were characterised by specific PCRs depending on the microorganism to be studied, and in vitro antimicrobial resistance was determined using the broth microdilution method (Vitek®2 system bioMérieux®, Nurtingen, Germany). RESULTS: MRSA prevalence was 73.21% (164 isolates). MRCoNS prevalence was 9.8% (22 isolates), S. sciuri being the prevalent species. Six isolates presented a 2.7% prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (BLEE) in the CTX-M-1 group. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), or colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated. CONCLUSION: we found a high presence of multiresistant bacteria, suggesting the need for increased control and surveillance of this type of strains in pig livestock and a better understanding of the possible transmission routes of these microorganisms through livestock products.

Accommodation Response Variations in University Students under High Demand for Near-Vision Activity.

The objective of this study was to investigate accommodation changes and visual discomfort in a university student population after a period of high demand for near-vision activity. A total of 50 university students aged between 20 and 22 years were recruited. The tests performed involved positive relative accommodation (PRA), negative relative accommodation (NRA), accommodation amplitude (AA), and monocular and binocular accommodative facility (MAF and BAF). Visual discomfort was measured on a scale involving a visual discomfort questionnaire (VDQ). All accommodative variables underwent changes during the exam period; specifically, regarding NRA and PRA, 30.4% and 15.1% of the studied population, respectively, appeared to be below average. Moreover, 42.3% of the population exhibited values below average in the second measure of AA. On the other hand, a small percentage of the population was below average in MAF and BAF measurements: 3% in the monocular right eye test, 6% in the left eye test, and 9.1% in the binocular facility test. Finally, the VDQ score did not reveal a statistically significant difference between the two measurements. Prolonged near-distance work, such as a university exams period, changed all accommodation systems (amplitude of accommodation, relative accommodation, and accommodation facility). These changes influence an accommodation excess that results in blurred vision, headache, and problems with focusing.

Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of two thallium compounds using the Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test.

Thallium (Tl) is a heavy and toxic metal and a byproduct of several human activities, such as cement production, mining, and coal combustion. Thallium is found in fruits, vegetables, and animal fodder with high Tl contamination; therefore, it is an environmental pollution issue and a toxicological contamination problem for human beings and other organisms when exposed to it. The mutagenic potential of Tl and its compounds is controversial, and there are few in vivo studies on its effects. We conducted the animal bioassay Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) to test for genotoxicity and assessed the genotoxic effects of Tl acetate (TlCH3COO) and Tl sulfate (Tl2SO4) on Drosophila melanogaster. Third instar larvae from the SMART standard cross (ST) were fed Tl acetate [0.2, 2, 20, 200, 600 and 1200 µM] and Tl sulfate [0.2, 2, 20, 200, and 600 µM]. Hexavalent chromium [CrO3, 500 µM] served as the positive control, and Milli-Q water served as the negative control. Only the high Tl2SO4 [600 µM] concentration resulted in genotoxicity with 87.6% somatic recombination, and both salts disrupted cell division of wing imaginal disc cells, showing the expected cytotoxic effects. Genotoxic risks due to high metal levels by bioaccumulation of Tl+1 or its compounds require further evaluation with other in vivo and in vitro assays.

Consolidation of the Journal Investigación y Educación en Enfermería as a Publication with Impact on the Dissemination of Nursing Knowledge

Almost 14 years ago, Dean Beatriz Elena Ospina Rave entrusted me with the direction of the IEE Journal, given the leave of absence taken by the then director, María del Pilar Pastor, who had been named Secretary of Health of the Municipality of Medellín. Meeting this responsibility represented a great academic and professional challenge because it was a scientific publication of the highest quality in the area of Nursing, recognized in Colombia and Latin America. I received a journal with 26 years of uninterrupted edition and which already had three years in category A2 in the PUBLINDEX by COLCIENCIAS, hence, I had the commitment to lead the preparation of the publication to ascend to the long-awaited maximum A1 category, for which it was "only" necessary to meet the most complex criterion to obtain: achieve indexing in Medline, or in at Consolidation of the Journal Investigación y Educación en Enfermería as a Publication with Impact on the Dissemination of Nursing Knowledge*Invest Educ Enferm. 2023; 41(3): e01least one of the bibliographic citational bases, like Elsevier's Scopus or in the Web of Science, now Clarivate.

[Lung infection by lophomonas spp. in a female patient with acute myeloid leukemia]. / Infección pulmonar por Lophomonas sp en una paciente con leucemia mieloide aguda.

Protozoic infections are prevalent worldwide, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. We reported the case of a patient from the city of Viña del Mar, Chile, a carrier of acute myeloid leukemia in whom an infection by Lophomonas sp. was confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage. She was treated with antibiotics but died of complications of the underlying disease. There is little literature available on this microorganism. We conclude that Lophomonas sp. should be considered as a diagnostic possibility if protozoa are found in bronchoalveolar lavage of immunosuppressed patients.

Las infecciones por protozoos son prevalentes a nivel mundial, en particular en pacientes inmunosuprimidos. Comunicamos el caso de una paciente procedente de la ciudad de Viña del Mar, Chile, portadora de leucemia mieloide aguda en quiense confirmó una infección por Lophomonas sp. en lavado bronquioalveolar. Se manejó con antibióticos, pero falleció decomplicaciones de su enfermedad de base. Existe poca literatura disponible respecto a este microorganismo. Concluimos que debe considerarse a Lophomonas sp. como posibilidad diagnóstica si se encuentran protozoos en lavados bronquioalveolares de pacientes inmunosuprimidos.

Glaucoma Mini-Shunt Implantation After Keratoplasty.

PURPOSE: To report the outcomes of patients who underwent miniature glaucoma shunt implantation after secondary glaucoma due to keratoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective study of consecutive clinical cases who underwent mini-glaucoma shunt implantation following keratoplasty. In brief, a fornix-based conjunctival flap was performed, approximately 50% thickness scleral flap. Mitomycin C 0.025% placed under Tenon's capsule. A 25-G needle created entry for mini-shunt. Ex-PRESS model P-50 was inserted. Scleral flap and conjunctiva were closed with 10-0 Nylon. STATA 8.0 and SPSS software were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Seventeen eyes of 17 patients with a mean age of 39.70 years (SD=18.33, range: 18 to 76). A total of 64.70% were male and 35.30% female. Eleven cases after penetrating keratoplasty, 3 cases after triple procedure, 2 after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, and 1 following endothelial keratoplasty. Most of the indications for keratoplasty were keratoconus in 9 cases (52.94%), 4 due to endothelial failure (23.52%), 3 cases of herpetic keratitis (17.64%), and 1 case of post-LASIK ectasia (5.88%). Mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 35.94 mm Hg with maximal medical therapy (SD=9.65, range: 18 to 55). Decreasing intraocular pressure to 12.76 mm Hg postoperatively (SD=2.51, range 10 to 18) (P=0.001). Mean follow-up after mini-glaucoma shunt implantation was 23.76 months (SD=8.73, range: 10 to 35 mo). Preoperative mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 1.31±0.63 (20/408 Snellen) and postoperative mean UDVA was 0.85±0.40 (20/141 Snellen) (P=0.001). Preoperative mean corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 0.83±0.76 (20/135 Snellen) and postoperative mean CDVA was 0.56±0.44 (20/72 Snellen) (P=0.032). CONCLUSIONS: Ex-PRESS miniature glaucoma shunt could be an alternative treatment in postkeratoplasty glaucoma resistant to medical treatment. This technique may be helpful, in trying to avoid corneal damage produced by conventional glaucoma procedures.

Intervención educativa de enfermería en pacientes con cateterismo cardiaco / Nursing educational intervention in patients with cardiac catheterization

Introducción: la intervención de enfermería en pacientes sometidos a cateterismo cardiaco constituye el eje articular de las acciones de planeación, desarrollo y evaluación; lo que permite atender el proceso de aprendizaje. Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre el nivel de conocimiento y ansiedad de los pacientes sometido a cateterismo cardiaco, antes y después de aplicar una intervención educativa. Metodología: investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal y exploratorio a 70 pacientes sometidos a cateterismo cardiaco por primera vez, se aplicaron dos instrumentos validados para medir el nivel de conocimiento y ansiedad con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.90; la recolección fue en dos fases, pretest y postest, la primera antes de la cirugia; la segunda posterior al procedimiento y se compararon los resultados de ambos test en búsqueda de mejores resultados. Resultados: media de edad de 60 - 79 años; 68.6% hombres y 31.4% mujeres; el nivel de conocimientos del pretest fue de 52.9% regular y postest, excelente con un 50%; en cuanto a la ansiedad el pretest el 97.1% reportó grave, mientras que en el postest, el 80% reportó moderado. Conclusiones: el aporte de conocimientos por parte del personal de enfermería a través del rol educador, favorece a los pacientes que son sometidos a un cateterismo cardiaco, que se refleja en disminución de ansiedad e incremento de calidad de vida.

Introduction:The nursing intervention in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization constitutes the articular axis of planning, development and evaluation actions; which allows to attend the learning process. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the level of knowledge and anxiety of the patient undergoing cardiac catheterization, before and after applying an educational intervention. Methodology: Investigation with a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and exploratory approach to 70 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for the first time. Two validated instruments were applied to measure the level of knowledge and anxiety with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.90; the collection was in two phases, pre and post test, the first before surgery; the second after the procedure, the results of both tests were compared in search of better results. Results: Average age of 60-79 years, 68.6% men and 31.4% women; the level of knowledge of the pre-test was 52.9% regular and post-test, excellent with 50%; regarding anxiety, the pre-test 97.1% serious, post-test, 80% moderate. Conclusions: The contribution of knowledges by the nursing staff through the educator role, favors patients who undergo cardiac catheterization, which is reflected in the reduction of seniority and the increase in the quality of life.

Study pace as a factor that influences achievement in a human anatomy course.

Determining the optimal conditions for learning anatomy will help medical students to do better in a gross anatomy course. We examined the two types of anatomy courses offered in our institution: slow-paced (SP) and fast-paced (FP) courses, in which the same content is taught in approximately the same number of hours (SP = 91 hr; FP = 90 hr), but the duration of each course differed (SP = 91 1-hr sessions lasting 20 weeks; FP = 45 2-hr sessions lasting 9 weeks). The objective of this study was to find out whether a relationship exists between anatomy course pace and achievement. Two groups of students were tested on their anatomy knowledge both before beginning and after completing either the SP or the FP course. The average difference in scores obtained on the pre- and postcourse tests for each group was obtained and a t-test was used (P < 0.05) to compare the mean score for each group. A significant difference was found between group SP and group FP, with the highest achievement obtained by group SP. The pace of the course is thus a factor that influences achievement.

Proceso enseñanza aprendizaje del pregrado en Atención Primaria de Salud durante el primer enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 / Teaching learning process in first health care attention during the first attempt to face covid-19

RESUMEN Introducción: Las universidades médicas cubanas enfrentan el desafío, en medio de la pandemia de COVID-19, de mantener la formación de recursos humanos y apoyar directamente las acciones para evitar el contagio de la población. Objetivo: describir el desarrollo del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje durante la integración de estudiantes de las carreras de la Salud a la Atención Primaria en la lucha contra la COVID-19 Método: Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo transversal de marzo a julio del 2020 en el municipio Santo Domingo, provincia Villa Clara. Además se recopiló información de archivos del Departamento Docente y de Higiene Municipal. Fueron insertados 305 estudiantes y 15 profesores en 44 consultorios, previo análisis contextual se implementó modificaciones en las estrategias didácticas para la educación a distancia a través de uso de datos en telefonía móvil empleando aplicación whatsapp. Resultados: Con predominio de métodos asincrónicos, se logró mantener un flujo informativo y actualizado de las estadísticas necesarias para los partes diarios, la información sobre diferentes asignaturas, estado de salud de los alumnos y profesores, se fortaleció el trabajo político ideológico al contrarrestar la infodemia y otras campañas de desinformación al establecer vínculos con otros grupos administrados por la FEU y el grupo de comunicadores de la Universidad. Conclusiones: La respuesta dinámica del claustro con inserción de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones durante la labor de pesquisa permitió dar continuidad al proceso enseñanza aprendizaje y la obtención de resultados exitosos en el primer enfrentamiento a la pandemia en el municipio.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Cuban Medical Universities, 2019-2020 course faces the challenge that, through the COVID-19 pandemic, the formation of human resources had to be maintained as well as to support directly actions to avoid the population contagious. Objective: To describe the teaching learning process development during the integration of health careers students to the primary health care attention in the battle against COVID-19. Method: In Santo Domingo, from March to July 2020it was developed a transversal descriptive study, information was collected from archives of the teaching and the municipal hygiene departments. In 44medical offices were inserted 305 students and 15 professors, previous contextual analysis it were implemented modifications on the didactics strategies for distance learning education by means of data on mobile phones using in this case the whatsapp application. Results: With the predominance of asynchrony methods, it was maintain the information process and the updating of the necessary statistics for the daily reports, different subjects orientations, students and professors health status, was strengthen the ideological and political work facing Infodemia and other fake information campaigns, helped by other groups too administered by FEU and the group of communicators from the university. Conclusions: The dynamic answer from the group of teachers with the insertion of communication and information technologies during the searching procedure made possible to continue the teaching learning process getting sucessful results during the first attempt to face COVID-19 in Santo Domingo municipality.

Sistema de actividades para desarrollar habilidades comunicativas en idioma Inglés en los residentes de Estomatología / System of activities for developing communication skills in the English language in dental residents

RESUMEN Fundamento: la preparación idiomática, según lo establecido por el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia (MCER), constituye una necesidad de primer orden en el proceso de formación y superación de los futuros profesionales de las ciencias médicas. Objetivo: diseñar un sistema de actividades para desarrollar habilidades comunicativas en idioma Inglés en los residentes de Estomatología. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en la Facultad de Estomatología entre enero 2018-diciembre 2019. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo y sistémico-estructural; empíricos: análisis documental, encuesta en forma de cuestionario a estudiantes y entrevista a informantes clave. Resultados: el diagnóstico realizado demostró la necesidad de diseñar un sistema de actividades que incluye tres folletos: el primero, con actividades para la impartición de clases dirigido a profesores y estudiantes; el segundo, con respuestas a interrogantes y orientaciones metodológicas generales y un set de audiciones auténticas con sus transcripciones; y el tercero, ofrece ayuda a los estudiantes en su estudio individual. Conclusiones: el sistema de actividades diseñado se caracteriza por su flexibilidad y enfoque interdisciplinar, tiene en cuenta el desarrollo de las cuatro habilidades del idioma, las subhabilidades y sus funciones. Fue valorado de forma satisfactoria por los especialistas quienes reconocieron sus adecuadas pertinencia social y pedagógica, estructura lógica, factibilidad, originalidad y valor científico-pedagógico.

ABSTRACT Background: language preparation, as established by the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), constitutes a first order need in the process of training and updating future professionals in the medical sciences. Objective: to design a system of activities to develop communication skills in the English language in Dentistry residents. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Dentistry Faculty from January 2018 to December 2019. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive and systemic-structural; empirical ones: documentary analysis, survey in the form of a questionnaire to students and interview with key informants. Results: the diagnosis showed the need to design a system of activities that includes three booklets: the first, with activities for teaching classes aimed at teachers and students; the second, with answers to questions and general methodological guidelines and a set of authentic auditions with their transcripts; and the third, offers help to students in their individual study. Conclusions: the designed activity system is characterized by its flexibility and interdisciplinary approach; it takes into account the development of the four language skills, sub skills and their functions. It was satisfactorily evaluated by specialists who recognized its adequate social and pedagogical relevance, logical structure, feasibility, originality and pedagogical-scientific value.

Epilepsia y TDAH / Epilepsy and ADHD

La epilepsia engloba un conjunto de trastornos convulsivos heterogéneos, con diversas características clínicas que excluyen un mecanismo etiológico singular. Individuos con epilepsia presentan una tasa significativamente mayor de condiciones psiquiátricas y neurológicas asociadas. Niños con epilepsia tienen dos a tres veces más riesgo de desarrollar trastornos por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) cuando son comparados con individuos sanos, mientras que uno de cada cinco adultos epilépticos presentan síntomas de TDAH. En los niños con epilepsia, la gravedad y frecuencia de las crisis y una edad más temprana de inicio de las crisis son factores de riesgo comunes para padecer TDAH. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura y se seleccionaron artículos publicados en el periodo entre el año 2003 y 2021 en bases digitales del área de la salud (LILACS, Medline, Web of Science, SciELO y PubMed). La revisión evidenció que la epilepsia puede aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar TDAH en los niños, y que la epilepsia rolándica benigna es el tipo más diagnosticado en estos niños, que incluso tiene alta tasa de trastornos neuroconductuales con síntomas de TDAH asociados. El diagnóstico temprano y un manejo apropiado, llevan a mejor pronóstico en este grupo de pacientes

Epilepsy encompasses a set of heterogeneous seizure disorders, with various clinical characteristics that exclude a unique etiological mechanism. Individuals with this disease have a significantly higher rate for the development of psychiatric and neurological conditions. Children with epilepsy have two to three times increased risk of developing ADHD when compared to healthy individuals, while one in five epileptic adults have ADHD symptoms. In children with epilepsy, the severity and frequency of seizures and an earlier age at the onset of seizures are common risk factors for ADHD. A narrative review of the literature was carried out and articles published in the period between 2003 and 2021 in digital databases of the health area (LILACS, Medline, Web of Science, SciELO and PubMed) were selected. The review showed that epilepsy can increase the risk of developing ADHD in children, and that benign rolandic epilepsy is the most diagnosed type in these children, which even has a high rate of neurobehavioral disorders with associated ADHD symptoms. Early diagnosis and appropriate management lead to a better prognosis in this group of patients.

[Feasibility and results of the short Diet Quality Screener in Primary Care: EMAP study]. / Viabilidad y resultados de un cuestionario breve de calidad dietética en atención primaria: estudio EMAP.

OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility and results of the self-reported short diet quality screener (sDQS) in Primary Care. The variables associated with difficulty and inadequate diet are also determined. METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted with 196 participants aged >18 years with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or hypercholesterolaemia, consecutively included from 4 Primary Health Care Centres in Barcelona. The main variables collected were, age, sex, educational level, cardiovascular risk factors, body mass index, time to complete the sDQS, degree of difficulty, and diet score: inadequate diet ≤18, adequate in some aspects 19-27, adequate >27. RESULTS: The mean age was 48.8 years (52% males). The analysis of the variables showed that the prevalence of having higher than a primary education level, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity was 50%, 54.6%, 23.5%, 56.6%, and 27.5%, respectively. The mean time to complete the questionnaire was 2.3min. More than 80% considered it easy or very easy. An inadequate diet was reported by 21.4%, adequate in some aspects by 76.5%, and an adequate diet only by 2%. To be older than 49 years and a low diet quality increased the risk of needing ≥2min to complete the sDQS (OR 2.0, 95% CI; 1.0-4.3, and OR 2.3, 95% CI; 1.1-5.1, respectively). Not following a low cholesterol diet and age less than 49 years increased the risk of a low diet quality (OR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5, and OR 2.9; 95% CI: 1.2-6.8, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The completion of the sDQS is easy and was not a significant time-burden in Primary Care. A significant proportion of participants with cardiovascular risk reported a low diet quality.