RESUMO
As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread worldwide, tractable primary airway cell models that recapitulate the cell-intrinsic response to arising viral variants are needed. Here we describe an adult stem cell-derived human airway organoid model overexpressing the ACE2 receptor (ACE2-OE) that supports robust viral replication while maintaining 3D architecture and cellular diversity of the airway epithelium. ACE2-OE organoids were infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants and subjected to single-cell RNA-sequencing. Interferon-lambda was upregulated in cells with low-level infection while the NF-kB inhibitor alpha gene (encoding IkBa) was consistently upregulated in infected cells, and its expression positively correlated with infection levels. Confocal microscopy showed more IkBa expression in infected than bystander cells, but found concurrent nuclear translocation of NF-kB that IkBa usually prevents. Overexpressing a nondegradable IkBa mutant reduced NF-kB translocation and increased viral infection. These data demonstrate the functionality of ACE2-OE organoids in SARS-CoV-2 research and underscore that the strength of the NF-kB feedback loop in infected cells controls viral replication.
Assuntos
Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2 , COVID-19 , Inibidor de NF-kappaB alfa , Organoides , SARS-CoV-2 , Replicação Viral , Humanos , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/metabolismo , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/genética , COVID-19/virologia , COVID-19/metabolismo , COVID-19/genética , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Inibidor de NF-kappaB alfa/metabolismo , Inibidor de NF-kappaB alfa/genética , Organoides/virologia , Organoides/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologiaRESUMO
In the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, epithelial populations in the distal lung expressing Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are infrequent, and therefore, the model of viral expansion and immune cell engagement remains incompletely understood. Using human lungs to investigate early host-viral pathogenesis, we found that SARS-CoV-2 had a rapid and specific tropism for myeloid populations. Human alveolar macrophages (AMs) reliably expressed ACE2 allowing both spike-ACE2-dependent viral entry and infection. In contrast to Influenza A virus, SARS-CoV-2 infection of AMs was productive, amplifying viral titers. While AMs generated new viruses, the interferon responses to SARS-CoV-2 were muted, hiding the viral dissemination from specific antiviral immune responses. The reliable and veiled viral depot in myeloid cells in the very early phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection of human lungs enables viral expansion in the distal lung and potentially licenses subsequent immune pathologies.
Assuntos
Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2 , COVID-19 , Pulmão , Macrófagos Alveolares , Células Mieloides , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , COVID-19/virologia , COVID-19/imunologia , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/metabolismo , Pulmão/virologia , Pulmão/imunologia , Pulmão/patologia , Macrófagos Alveolares/virologia , Macrófagos Alveolares/imunologia , Macrófagos Alveolares/metabolismo , Células Mieloides/virologia , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Células Mieloides/imunologia , Internalização do Vírus , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/metabolismo , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/imunologia , Tropismo ViralRESUMO
Targeted therapy is effective in many tumor types including lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality. Paradigm defining examples are targeted therapies directed against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtypes with oncogenic alterations in EGFR, ALK and KRAS. The success of targeted therapy is limited by drug-tolerant persister cells (DTPs) which withstand and adapt to treatment and comprise the residual disease state that is typical during treatment with clinical targeted therapies. Here, we integrate studies in patient-derived and immunocompetent lung cancer models and clinical specimens obtained from patients on targeted therapy to uncover a focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-YAP signaling axis that promotes residual disease during oncogenic EGFR-, ALK-, and KRAS-targeted therapies. FAK-YAP signaling inhibition combined with the primary targeted therapy suppressed residual drug-tolerant cells and enhanced tumor responses. This study unveils a FAK-YAP signaling module that promotes residual disease in lung cancer and mechanism-based therapeutic strategies to improve tumor response.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de Transcrição , Proteínas de Sinalização YAP , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Proteínas de Sinalização YAP/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Animais , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Neoplasia Residual , Camundongos , Quinase 1 de Adesão Focal/metabolismo , Quinase 1 de Adesão Focal/genética , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Receptores ErbB/genética , Quinase do Linfoma Anaplásico/metabolismo , Quinase do Linfoma Anaplásico/genética , Quinase do Linfoma Anaplásico/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/metabolismo , Proteína-Tirosina Quinases de Adesão Focal/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Normal hematopoiesis requires constant prolific production of different blood cell lineages by multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Stem- and progenitor- cells need to balance dormancy with proliferation. How genetic alterations impact frequency, lineage potential, and metabolism of HSC is largely unknown. Here, we compared induced expression of KRAS G12D or RasGRP1 to normal hematopoiesis. At low-resolution, both Ras pathway lesions result in skewing towards myeloid lineages. Single-cell resolution CyTOF proteomics unmasked an expansion of HSC- and progenitor- compartments for RasGRP1, contrasted by a depletion for KRAS G12D . SCENITH™ quantitates protein synthesis with single-cell precision and corroborated that immature cells display low metabolic SCENITH™ rates. Both RasGRP1 and KRAS G12D elevated mean SCENITH™ signals in immature cells. However, RasGRP1-overexpressing stem cells retain a metabolically quiescent cell-fraction, whereas this fraction diminishes for KRAS G12D . Our temporal single cell proteomics and metabolomics datasets provide a resource of mechanistic insights into altered hematopoiesis at single cell resolution.