RESUMO
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a widespread pathogen of cattle and other mammals that causes major economic losses in the livestock industry. N4-TSC and 6NO2-TSC are two thiosemicarbazones derived from 1-indanone that exhibit anti-BVDV activity in vitro. These compounds selectively inhibit BVDV and are effective against both cytopathic and non-cytopathic BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 strains. We confirmed that N4-TSC acts at the onset of viral RNA synthesis, as previously reported for 6NO2-TSC. Moreover, resistance selection and characterization showed that N4-TSCR mutants were highly resistant to N4-TSC but remained susceptible to 6NO2-TSC. In contrast, 6NO2-TSCR mutants were resistant to both compounds. Additionally, mutations N264D and A392E were found in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of N4-TSCR mutants, whereas I261 M was found in 6NO2-TSCR mutants. These mutations lay in a hydrophobic pocket within the fingertips region of BVDV RdRp that has been described as a "hot spot" for BVDV non-nucleoside inhibitors.
Assuntos
Antivirais , Farmacorresistência Viral , Genótipo , Indanos , Tiossemicarbazonas , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/química , Animais , Bovinos , Tiossemicarbazonas/farmacologia , Tiossemicarbazonas/química , Indanos/farmacologia , Indanos/química , Farmacorresistência Viral/genética , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 1/genética , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/genética , Linhagem Celular , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/genética , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/antagonistas & inibidores , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/metabolismo , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 2/genética , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 2/efeitos dos fármacos , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutação , RNA Viral/genéticaRESUMO
El personal de enfermería en el año 2021 se vio estrechamente relacionado con el proceso de vacunación COVID-19. Ya que este estamento se encontraba a cargo de la promoción, gestión y ejecución de la vacunación. Los enfermeros que participaron en la ejecución de la campaña de inmunización contra COVID-19 tienen una mirada interna de lo que significó aquel proceso. Es por esto, que a un grupo de enfermeros de distintos Centros de Salud Familiar de la cuidad de Osorno (Chile) se le aplicó una entrevista para conocer cuál es su percepción frente al proceso de ejecución de la vacunación contra el COVID-19. De esta manera se logró dejar en evidencia este recurso sustancial como la opinión de los actores implicados en el propio proceso, para precisar futuras mejoras en las medidas sanitarias implementadas en la tarea de vacunación e identificar la visión protagónica del equipo de salud en este proceso histórico a nivel mundial. En su elaboración, se utilizó como base los 7 principios éticos propuestos por el autor Ezekiel Emanuel. Los criterios de inclusión para la selección de sujetos fueron enfocadas al personal enfermero que haya participado durante el proceso de vacunación de COVID-19 el año 2021. El instrumento utilizado fue una entrevista con 6 preguntas abiertas, las cuales fueron contestadas en forma online a través de la plataforma Google Drive. El guion de entrevista fue previamente sometido a un proceso de validación de contenido por expertos.
The nursing staff in the year 2021 was closely related to the COVID-19 vaccination process. Since this body was in charge of the promotion, management and execution of vaccination. The nurses who participated in the execution of the immunization campaign against COVID-19 have an inside look at what that process meant. For this reason, an interview was applied to a group of nurses from different Family Health Centers in the city of Osorno (Chile) to find out their perception of the process of executing the vaccination against COVID-19. In this way, it was possible to reveal this substantial resource as the opinion of the actors involved in the process itself, to specify future improvements in the health measures implemented in the vaccination task and identify the leading vision of the health team in this historical process. Worldwide. In its elaboration, the 7 ethical principles proposed by the author Ezekiel Emanuel were used as a basis. The inclusion criteria for the selection of subjects were focused on the nursing staff who participated during the COVID-19 vaccination process in 2021. The instrument used was an interview with 6 open questions, which were answered online through of the Google Drive platform. The interview script was previously submitted to a content validation process by experts.