RESUMO
The presence of childhood obesity predisposes to the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in adulthood. The polymorphisms described in PAI-1 gene have been linked with obesity and metabolic syndrome in several populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the -844 G/A (rs2227631), -675 4G/5G (rs1799889) and HindIII C/G (rs757716)PAI-1 polymorphisms with obesity and dyslipidemia in a sample of Mexican children. A cross-sectional study was performed in 222 children with an age range between 6-11 years; 104 children were classified as obese and 118 children with normal-weight. The PAI-1 polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplogenotype analysis among the three polymorphisms were determined. The results showed significant associations with obesity of the -844 G/A genotype and the A allele (OR= 2.75, p<0.001 and OR= 1.76, p=0.01, respectively). The -844 G/A polymorphism was found in LD with -675 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism (D'= 0.77). We found that G-4G-C/A-5G-G is a risk haplogenotype for obesity [OR=2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-4.22; p= 0.01] and with marginal association with hypertriglyceridemia(OR= 2.6; 95% CI 1.04-6.35; p= 0.05). The G-4G-C/A-5G-G PAI-1 haplogenotype may be a genetic marker of susceptibility for obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in Mexican children.
Assuntos
Hipertrigliceridemia/genética , Obesidade Infantil/genética , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/genética , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diet is an important environmental factor that interacts with genes to modulate the likelihood of developing disorders in lipid metabolism and the relationship between diet and genes in the presence of other chronic diseases such as obesity. The objective of this study was to analyze the interaction of a high fat diet with the APOA2 (rs3813627 and rs5082), APOA5 (rs662799 and rs3135506) and LEPR (rs8179183 and rs1137101) polymorphisms and its relationship with obesity and dyslipidemia in young subjects. METHODS: The study included 200 young subjects aged 18 to 25 years (100 normal-weight and 100 obese subjects). Dietary fat intake was measured using the frequency food consumption questionnaire. Genotyping of polymorphisms was performed by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: Individuals carrying the APOA5 56 G/G genotype with a high saturated fatty acid consumption (OR = 2.7, p = 0.006) and/or total fat (OR = 2.4, p = 0.018), associated with an increased risk of obesity. We also found that A/G + G/G genotypes of the 668 A/G polymorphism in the LEPR gene with an intake ≥ 12 g/d of saturated fatty acids, have 2.9 times higher risk of obesity (p = 0.002), 3.8 times higher risk of hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.002) and 2.4 times higher risk of hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.02), than those with an intake <12 g/d of saturated fatty acids. Similarly, LEPR 668 A/G + G/G carriers with a high fat total intake had 3.0 times higher risk of obesity (p = 0.002) and 4.1 times higher risk of hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that dietary fat intake modifies the effect of APOA5 and LEPR polymorphisms on serum triglycerides, cholesterol levels and obesity in young subjects.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteína A-II/genética , Apolipoproteínas A/genética , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Gorduras na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Dislipidemias/genética , Obesidade/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adolescente , Adulto , Apolipoproteína A-II/sangue , Apolipoproteína A-V , Apolipoproteínas A/sangue , Glicemia/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Dislipidemias/sangue , Dislipidemias/etiologia , Dislipidemias/patologia , Jejum , Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/patologia , Receptores para Leptina , Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic disorder that may result from abnormalities in the synthesis, processing and catabolism of lipoprotein particles. Disorders of lipoprotein concentrations and elevated concentration of oxidized lipoproteins (oxLDL) are risk factors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). CD36 plays an important role in lipid metabolism and polymorphisms in the CD36 gene are related to cardiovascular risk factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there is an association between genotypes and haplotypes of five polymorphisms in the CD36 gene with lipid levels in young normal-weight subjects. METHODS: A total of 232 unrelated subjects with normal-weight of 18 to 25 years old (157 women and 75 men) were randomly selected. The lipid profile and glucose levels were measured by enzymatic colorimetric assays. Genotyping of the polymorphisms -33137A/G (rs1984112), -31118G/A (rs1761667), -22674 T/C (rs2151916), 27645 Ins/Del (rs3840546) and 30294G/C (rs1049673) in the CD36 receptor gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism, linkage disequilibrium analysis among the five polymorphisms and an analysis of haplotype were estimated. RESULTS: HDL-C levels was lower in men than in women (P = 0.03). However, the median oxLDL levels in men was higher than in women (P = 0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and glucose (P > 0.05). HDL-C levels were lower in the subjects with TC genotype of polymorphism -22674 T/C (P = 0.04), but the carriers of TT genotype had lower oxLDL levels (P = 0.01). LDL-C levels were higher in young carriers of CC genotype for 30294G/C polymorphism than non-carriers (P = 0.03). The subjects carrying the AATDC haplotype had 3.2 times presumably higher risk of LDL-C > 100 mg/dL than the carrying the AGTIG haplotype (P = 0.02), whereas the subjects carrying the AATIC haplotype had 2.0 times presumably higher risk of TC > 200 mg/dL than the carrying the AGTIC haplotype (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence of a genetic association of CD36 haplotypes with the variability in LDL-C and TC levels in a sample of normal-weight subjects.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD36/genética , Haplótipos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adolescente , Adulto , Glicemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Fatores Sexuais , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
We studied the association of age, gender, and distribution of body fat with prehypertension in a sample of Mexican adults. This study was performed in a sample of 900 adults (275 men and 625 women), with the median age of 42 years. Resting blood pressure was measured in duplicate, and prehypertension and hypertension were defined according to JNC 7 criteria. The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in our population was 11.56% and 26.5%, respectively. The prevalence of prehypertension was significantly higher in men than in women. Prehypertension was associated with middle and old age (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6 and 2.4, respectively, P < .001), abdominal obesity (OR = 1.3, P = .008), upper quintiles of body mass index (OR = 2.05, P = .005), waist (OR = 1.97, P = .01) and hip (OR = 2.04, P = .005) circumferences, and body fat (OR = 2.37, P = .001). The main factors associated with the development of prehypertension are age, central obesity, and body fat.
Assuntos
Pré-Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pressão Sanguínea , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/etiologia , Hipertensão/patologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Abdominal/complicações , Pré-Hipertensão/etiologia , Pré-Hipertensão/patologia , Pré-Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Several association studies have shown that -844 G/A and HindIII C/G PAI-1 polymorphisms are related with increase of PAI-1 levels, obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidemia, which are components of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to analyze the allele and genotype frequencies of these polymorphisms in PAI-1 gene and its association with metabolic syndrome and its components in a sample of Mexican mestizo children. METHODS: This study included 100 children with an age range between 6-11 years divided in two groups: a) 48 children diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and b) 52 children metabolically healthy without any clinical and biochemical alteration. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of three or more of the following criteria: fasting glucose levels ≥ 100 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, HDL-cholesterol < 40 mg/dL, obesity BMI ≥ 95th percentile, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 95th percentile and insulin resistance HOMA-IR ≥ 2.4. The -844 G/A and HindIII C/G PAI-1 polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: For the -844 G/A polymorphism, the G/A genotype (OR = 2.79; 95% CI, 1.11-7.08; p = 0.015) and the A allele (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.10-4.43; p = 0.015) were associated with metabolic syndrome. The -844 G/A and A/A genotypes were associated with increase in plasma triglycerides levels (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.16 to 6.04; p = 0.02), decrease in plasma HDL-cholesterol levels (OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.06 to 5.42; p = 0.03) and obesity (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.17-5.92; p = 0.01). The C/G and G/G genotypes of the HindIII C/G polymorphism contributed to a significant increase in plasma total cholesterol levels (179 vs. 165 mg/dL; p = 0.02) in comparison with C/C genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The -844 G/A PAI-1 polymorphism is related with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, obesity and atherogenic dyslipidemia, and the HindIII C/G PAI-1 polymorphism was associated with the increase of total cholesterol levels in Mexican children.
Assuntos
Dislipidemias/genética , Resistência à Insulina/genética , Síndrome Metabólica/genética , Obesidade/genética , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , México , Obesidade/metabolismo , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
PURPOSE: We aim to identify Th1 and Th2 cell clusters in young subjects, including their clinical and metabolic characteristics and the Th1/Th2 balance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 100 participants were included. The frequencies of Th1 and Th2 cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Serum C-reactive protein was measured using a turbidimetric assay, and insulin levels were quantified with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Circulating cytokine levels were analyzed using a multiplex system. RESULTS: A cluster analysis was performed to determine the Th1/Th2 balance in a group of young people, and 3 clusters were formed with the following characteristics: 1) subjects with a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia (38%), dyslipidemia (38-75%), and insulin resistance (50%), as well as a higher percentage of Th1 cells and Th1/Th2 ratio, including elevated IFN-É£ levels; 2) subjects with a lower prevalence of hyperglycemia (23%) and insulin resistance (15.4%), but a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (8-85%) with a predominance of Th2 cells, and lower Th1/Th2 ratio; 3) subjects with a lower prevalence of hyperglycemia (6%), insulin resistance (41%), and dyslipidemia (10-63%), as well as a balance of Th1 and Th2 cells and lower Th1/Th2 ratio, including low IFN-É£ levels. Positive correlations between Th1 cells with IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-1ß and between Th2 cells with IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 were found (p < 0.05). A significant increase in Th1 cells was observed in the presence of hyperglycemia and high LDL-C levels, as well as increased Th2 cells in the absence of abdominal obesity and high blood pressure, including low HDL-C levels. The Th1/Th2 ratio was higher in the group with high cardiometabolic risk (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Th1/Th2 balance is related to metabolic abnormalities that may occur in young population, and thus the timely identification of different phenotypes may help predict an increased cardiometabolic risk.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Few studies have investigated the relationships between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentration and conventional cardiometabolic markers in young adults. The aim of this study was to characterize the cardiometabolic profile of young adults who are at high cardiovascular risk, according to hs-CRP concentration. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 300 young adults (18 to 30 years old) from southern Mexico (n = 150 normal-weight and n = 150 obese). Their circulating lipid and glucose concentrations were measured using colorimetric enzymatic assays, and their hs-CRP, ApoA, and ApoB concentrations were measured using turbidimetric assays. RESULTS: The most prevalent abnormalities in the participants with high cardiovascular risk, determined using an hs-CRP >28.57 nmol/L, were high waist circumference (85.7%), obesity (83.9%), high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (64.3%), low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (50%), Apo B in the highest tertile (39.3%), hypertriglyceridemia (35.7%), and high blood pressure (30.4%). In addition, there were strong associations between hs-CRP >28.57 nmol/L and obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 13.9), high waist circumference (OR = 8.0), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 4.0), high blood pressure (OR = 3.4), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 2.8), and Apo B in the highest tertile (OR = 2.4). CONCLUSION: The principal cardiometabolic alterations associated with high cardiovascular risk, determined using hs-CRP, are obesity, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure in young adults.
Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Dislipidemias , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Hipertensão , Adolescente , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Dislipidemias/complicações , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Obesidade , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: It has been proposed that preeclampsia is a metabolic syndrome of pregnancy. The polymorphisms PstI and MaeIII of INS, NsiI of INSR and Ala513Pro and Gly972Arg of IRS1 have been associated with metabolic syndrome; moreover, the products of these genes are functionally contiguous during insulin signaling. The aim of this study was to assess whether these polymorphisms are associated with preeclampsia. METHODS: 46 normotensive pregnant women and 43 preeclamptic patients were included in the study to develop a clinical, biochemical and genotypic profile of preeclampsia. Clinical evaluation consisted of measurement of blood pressure, height and weight. Peripheral blood samples were collected for determination of fasting glucose and insulin concentrations and for extraction of genomic DNA. Proteinuria was determined. Polymorphisms were detected using PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: The normotensive and preeclampsia groups did not differ significantly in clinical and biochemical traits, except for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.0001). Polymorphisms previously associated with metabolic syndrome in Mexican populations were not associated with preeclampsia in Mexican women (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The lack of an association between preeclampsia and the polymorphisms studied suggests that other genes whose products do not have direct functional interaction with metabolic syndrome or epigenetic factors may play a role in preeclampsia.
Assuntos
Proteínas Substratos do Receptor de Insulina/genética , Insulina/genética , Pré-Eclâmpsia/genética , Receptor de Insulina/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Estudos Transversais , DNA/genética , DNA/metabolismo , Feminino , Haplótipos , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Proteínas Substratos do Receptor de Insulina/sangue , México , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Pré-Eclâmpsia/sangue , Gravidez , Receptor de Insulina/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objective Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance (IR); therefore, variants in the MCP-1 gene may contribute to the development of this disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of the -2518 A>G MCP-1 (rs1024611) gene polymorphism with insulin resistance in Mexican children. Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 174 children, including 117 children without insulin resistance and 57 children with IR, with an age range of 6-11 years. Levels for serum insulin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were determined. The -2518 A>G MCP-1 polymorphism was identified by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Insulin resistance was defined as a HOMA-IR in the upper 75th percentile, which was ≥ 2.4 for all children. Results Genotype frequencies of the rs1024611 polymorphism for the insulin-sensitive group were 17% AA, 48% AG and 35% GG, and the frequency of G allele was 59%, whereas frequencies for the insulin-resistant group were 12% AA, 37% AG and 51% GG, and the frequency of G allele was 69%. The genotype and allele frequencies between groups did not show significant differences. However, the GG genotype was the most frequent in children with IR. The GG genotype was associated with insulin resistance (OR = 2.2, P = 0.03) in a genetic model. Conclusion The -2518 A>G MCP-1 gene polymorphism may be related to the development of insulin resistance in Mexican children.
Assuntos
Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Resistência à Insulina/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Introduction: Currently, it is considered that the body fat accumulation at central level is associated with the presence of hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and diabetes. The body mass index (BMI) has been used to identify obesity in the general population, but can not detect the distribution of body fat, so that can be used other anthropometric measures to assess adiposity and determine their relationship with the presence of metabolic disorders that present people with excess weight. Objective: To evaluate anthropometric measurements such as waist-hip ratio (WHR), BMI and waist circumference (WC) as predictive indicators of metabolic risk factors in Mexican adults. Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 490 subjects (27-46 years), grouped by gender. All participants were determined anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters. ROC curves of anthropometric parameters were set to identify the best predictive indicator of metabolic risk. Results: The metabolic risk factor most prevalent after abdominal obesity in women was hypertriglyceridemia, followed by hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and high blood pressure, which are found most often in men than in women, although the presence of abdominal obesity was found most frequently in women (73.9% vs.37.3%). WC was the best predictive indicator to have one or more metabolic risk factors [area under the curve AUC = 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.92)], followed by the BMI [AUC = 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.88)], and finally the WHC [AUC = 0.63 (95% CI, 0.52 to 0.74)]. Also shows that abdominal obesity duplicate the risk of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Waist circumference is a better indicator of metabolic risk in both genders compared with BMI and the WHC.
Introducción: actualmente se considera que la acumulación de grasa corporal a nivel central se asocia con la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia, hipertensión arterial y diabetes. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) se ha utilizado para identificar la obesidad en la población general, pero no permite determinar la distribución de la grasa corporal, por lo que se pueden utilizar otras medidas antropométricas para evaluar la adiposidad y determinar su relación con la presencia de alteraciones metabólicas que presentan las personas con exceso de peso. Objetivo: evaluar las medidas antropométricas como el índice cintura-cadera (ICC), IMC y circunferencia de cintura (CC) como indicadores predictivos de factores de riesgo metabólico en población mexicana adulta. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en un total de 490 personas (27-46 años), agrupadas por género. A todos los participantes se les determinaron medidas antropométricas y parámetros bioquímicos. Se crearon curvas ROC de los parámetros antropométricos para identificar el mejor indicador predictivo de riesgo metabólico. Resultados: el factor de riesgo metabólico con mayor prevalencia después de la obesidad abdominal en mujeres fue la hipertrigliceridemia, seguido de la hiperglicemia, hipercolesterolemia y presión arterial elevada, que se encontraron con mayor frecuencia en los hombres, aunque la presencia de obesidad abdominal se encontró con mayor frecuencia en las mujeres (73,9 vs.37,3 %). La circunferencia de cintura fue el mejor indicador predictivo para presentar uno o más factores de riesgo metabólico [área bajo la curva ABC = 0,85 (IC 95%, 0,78-0,92)], seguido del IMC [ABC = 0,79 (IC 95%, 0,72-0,88)] y por último el ICC [ABC = 0,63 (IC 95%, 0,52-0,74)]. Además, se observó que la obesidad abdominal duplica el riesgo de presentar el síndrome metabólico. Conclusión: la circunferencia de cintura es el mejor indicador de riesgo metabólico en ambos sexos en comparación con el IMC y el ICC.
Assuntos
Antropometria/métodos , Doenças Metabólicas/diagnóstico , Doenças Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Medição de Risco , Circunferência da Cintura , Relação Cintura-QuadrilRESUMO
We analyzed the relationship of -794 CATT5-8 and -173 G>C MIF polymorphisms with mRNA and soluble MIF in young obese subjects. A total of 250 young subjects, 150 normal-weight and 100 obese subjects, were recruited in the study. Genotyping of -794 CATT5-8 and -173 G>C MIF polymorphisms was performed by PCR and PCR-RFLP, respectively. MIF mRNA expression was determined by real-time PCR and serum MIF levels were measured using an ELISA kit. For both MIF promoter polymorphisms, no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies between groups were observed. MIF mRNA expression was slightly higher in obese subjects than in normal-weight subjects (1.38-fold), while soluble MIF levels did not show differences between groups. In addition, we found an increase in MIF mRNA expression in carriers of the 6,6 and C/C genotypes and the 6G haplotype of the -794 CATT5-8 and -173 G>C MIF polymorphisms, although it was not significant. In conclusion, this study found no relationship between obesity and MIF gene promoter polymorphisms with MIF mRNA expression in young obese subjects.
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Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/genética , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Macrófagos/genética , Obesidade/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/metabolismo , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hypercholesterolemia-LDL (H-LDL) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The association between H-LDL and feeding has focused on nutritional aspects. The study of the association between eating behavior (EB) and H-LDL in university students, could provide nutritional elements for correction and/or prevention in this population. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between EB and H-LDL in university students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 167 students from the Autonomous University of Guerrero, Mexico. LDL cholesterol in serum was measured and a concentration ≥100 mg/dL was considered hypercholesterolemia. The EB was assessed using a previously validated questionnaire. The association between EB and H-LDL was determined with a bivariate logistic regression, adjusting for sex, age, socioeconomic status, smoking, energy intake, physical activity, presence or absence of obesity and family history. RESULTS: Eating lunch (morning snack) was related with 63% lower risk of H-LDL (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.15, 0.90). Take food away from home once or twice a week was associated with a fourfold increased risk of H-LDL (R 5.14; 95% CI 1.12, 23.62). Subjects who reported consuming excess food (1 or 2, and 3 or more times/week) had higher risk of H-LDL (OR 3.26; 95% CI 1.10, 9.64 and OR 10.52; 95% CI 2.66, 41.60 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Some usual EB of the university students (Guerrero, Mexico) involve greater risk of H-LDL. To encourage actions corrective and/or preventive focused on these EB, could improve the health of this population.
Introducción: la hipercolesterolemia-LDL (H-LDL) se asocia a mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. La asociacion entre H-LDL y alimentacion se ha centrado en aspectos nutrimentales. El estudio de la asociacion entre el comportamiento alimentario (CA) y la H-LDL en estudiantes universitarios podria brindar elementos de correccion y/o prevencion nutricional en esta poblacion. Objetivo: evaluar la asociacion entre CA e H-LDL en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado en una muestra de 167 estudiantes de la Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, Mexico. Se midio el colesterol-LDL serico, considerandose hipercolesterolemia una concentracion ≥100 mg/dL. El CA se evaluo mediante un cuestionario previamente validado. La asociacion entre CA e H-LDL se determino con una regresion logistica bivariada, ajustando por sexo, edad, nivel socioeconomico, tabaquismo, ingesta de energia, actividad fisica, presencia o no de obesidad y antecedentes familiares. Resultados: consumir el almuerzo (colacion matutina) se asocio con un 63% de menos riesgo de H-LDL (OR 0,37; 95% IC 0,15, 0,90). Ingerir alimentos fuera de casa una o dos veces a la semana, se asocio con cuatro veces mas riesgo de H-LDL (R 5,14; 95% IC 1,12, 23,62). Los sujetos que referian consumir alimentos en exceso (1 o 2, y 3 o mas veces/semana) tuvieron mayor riesgo de H-LDL (OR 3,26; 95% IC 1,10, 9,64 y OR 10,52; 95% IC 2,66, 41,60, respectivamente). Conclusiones: algunos CA habituales de los estudiantes universitarios de Guerrero implican mayor riesgo de H-LDL. Por ello, promover acciones correctivas y/o preventivas centradas en estos CA podria mejorar la salud de esta poblacion.
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LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Comportamento Alimentar , Hipercolesterolemia/epidemiologia , Hipercolesterolemia/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative disease characterized by the loss of articular cartilage components due to an imbalance between extracellular matrix destruction and repair. The proinflammatory cytokines involved in OA, TNFα and IL1ß, are considered the major implicated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between TNFα -308 and -238 polymorphisms with messenger RNA (mRNA) and soluble TNFα expression in knee OA patients and healthy subjects (HS). Case-control study involved 50 knee OA patients classified according to 1986 ACR Classification Criteria, as well as 100 HS. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and Lequesne disability index were applied to OA patients. The -308 and -238 polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. The TNFα mRNA expression was quantified by real-time PCR using TaqMan method. The sTNFα levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The TNFα mRNA expression in knee OA patients was higher than in HS (1.56-fold). In addition, the TNFα mRNA expression was higher in carriers of G allele in the knee OA group for both polymorphisms. The sTNFα levels were increased in G/G versus G/A genotypes in both studied polymorphisms (p < 0.05). However, the TNFα -308 and -238 genotypes did not show statistical differences between groups. The G allele of TNFα -308 and -238 polymorphisms is associated with high mRNA and soluble expression in knee OA patients. However, it is not a marker of susceptibility in Western Mexico. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Assuntos
Predisposição Genética para Doença , Osteoartrite do Joelho/imunologia , Polimorfismo Genético , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Elementos Reguladores de Transcrição , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ontário , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The human adenovirus 36 (Ad-36) is causally and correlatively associated in animals and humans, respectively, with increased adiposity and altered metabolic profile. In previous studies, the relationship between Ad-36 seropositivity with obesity was established in adults and children. We evaluated the association of positive antibodies to Ad-36 with obesity and metabolic profile in Mexican children. Seventy-five children with normal-weight and 82 with obesity were studied in this research. All children had a clinic assessment which included weight, height, body circumferences, and skinfold thickness. Laboratory analyzes included triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and glucose and insulin levels. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the antibodies to Ad-36 in the serum samples. The overall Ad-36 seroprevalence was 73.9%. Ad-36 seropositivity had a higher prevalence in obese children than in normal weight group (58.6 versus 41.4%, P = 0.007). Ad-36 seropositivity was associated with obesity (OR = 2.66, P = 0.01) and high-density lipoprotein <40 mg/dL (OR = 2.85, P = 0.03). The Ad-36 seropositive group had greater risk of 4 metabolic abnormalities compared with those children without none alteration. In summary, Ad-36 seropositivity was associated with obesity and low HDL-c levels in the sample of children studied.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the -675 4G/5G polymorphism in the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in Mexican children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 174 children, 89 with normal-weight and 85 with obesity, aged from 6 to 13 years. All children were from state of Guerrero, and recruited from three primary schools in the city of Chilpancingo, state of Guerrero, Mexico. Insulin levels were determined by immunoenzymatic assay. The homeostasis model assessment was used to determine insulin resistance. The -675 4G/5G polymorphism in PAI-1 gene was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: The prevalence of insulin resistance in the obese group was higher (49.41%) than in the normal-weight group (16.85%). The 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism was found in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. The 4G/5G genotype contributed to a significant increase in waist-hip ratio (ß=0.02, p=0.006), waist circumference (ß=4.42, p=0.009), and subscapular skinfold thickness (ß=1.79, p=0.04); however, it was not related with insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: The -675 4G/5G genotype of PAI-1 gene was associated with increase of body adiposity in Mexican children.
Assuntos
Adiposidade/genética , Resistência à Insulina/genética , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Adolescente , Glicemia , Peso Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , México , Obesidade/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Circunferência da CinturaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance (IR); therefore, variants in the MCP-1 gene may contribute to the development of this disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of the -2518 A>G MCP-1 (rs1024611) gene polymorphism with insulin resistance in Mexican children. Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 174 children, including 117 children without insulin resistance and 57 children with IR, with an age range of 6-11 years. Levels for serum insulin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were determined. The -2518 A>G MCP-1 polymorphism was identified by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Insulin resistance was defined as a HOMA-IR in the upper 75th percentile, which was ≥ 2.4 for all children. Results Genotype frequencies of the rs1024611 polymorphism for the insulin-sensitive group were 17% AA, 48% AG and 35% GG, and the frequency of G allele was 59%, whereas frequencies for the insulin-resistant group were 12% AA, 37% AG and 51% GG, and the frequency of G allele was 69%. The genotype and allele frequencies between groups did not show significant differences. However, the GG genotype was the most frequent in children with IR. The GG genotype was associated with insulin resistance (OR = 2.2, P = 0.03) in a genetic model. Conclusion The -2518 A>G MCP-1 gene polymorphism may be related to the development of insulin resistance in Mexican children.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Resistência à Insulina/genética , Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Frequência do Gene , GenótipoRESUMO
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in lipid metabolism and is associated with obesity, dyslipidemias, hypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). LPL gene polymorphisms can be related with the development of cardiovascular risk factors. The present study was conducted to analyze the relationship of the HindIII and S447X polymorphisms in LPL gene with cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican families. The study population comprised ninety members of 30 Mexican families, in which an index case had obesity, were included in the study. We evaluated the body composition by bioelectrical impedance. Peripheral blood samples were collected to determine biochemical parameters. Screening for both polymorphisms was made by PCR-RFLPs. In the parents, both polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium. We found that the genotype T/T of HindIII was associated with diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg (OR=1.1; p=0.011), whereas the genotype C/C of S447X was associated with systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg (OR=1.2; p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg (OR = 1.3; p< 0.001), T2DM (OR=1.3; p< 0.001) and with increase of total cholesterol (ß =23.6 mg/mL; p=0.03). These data suggest that the HindIII and S447X LPL gene polymorphisms can confer susceptibility for the development of hypertension and T2DM in Mexican families.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Hipertensão/genética , Lipase Lipoproteica/genética , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Pressão Sanguínea/genética , Índice de Massa Corporal , Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , LinhagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The association between elevated blood pressure and childhood overweight and obesity has been documented in several studies. However, the linkage of blood pressure with body fat distribution in children is not well established. We investigated the relationship between both central and subcutaneous adiposity with BP in the 95th percentile or higher in Mexican children. METHODS AND RESULTS: Our study, using a sample of children from the State of Guerrero, Mexico was comprised of 252 children, 124 girls and 128 boys, with an age range of 6 to 13 years. Resting blood pressure was measured in duplicate with an aneroid sphygmomanometer. Hypertension was classified as systolic or diastolic BP in the 95th percentile or higher. Additional measures included weight, height, body mass index, body circumferences, and skinfold thickness. The prevalence of obesity (26.5%) was higher than overweight (15.8%), but the prevalence of hypertension was moderate (4.7%). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures correlated strongly with age, weight, height, and all measurements of central and subcutaneous adiposity. Interestingly, after being adjusted by age, sex, and body mass index, the BP in the 95th percentile or higher was associated with suprailiac skinfold, third tertile (OR = 11.83, P = 0.023); triceps skinfold, third tertile (OR = 6.02; P = 0.034); and biceps skinfold, third tertile (OR = 4.71; P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the prevalence of hypertension in children is moderate. In addition, the skinfold thickness was a better predictor of hypertension than central adiposity in the sample of children studied.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/fisiologia , Hipertensão/etnologia , Adolescente , Antropometria , Pressão Sanguínea , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Masculino , México , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/etnologia , Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/etnologia , Prevalência , Dobras Cutâneas , EsfigmomanômetrosRESUMO
Obesity is associated with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Generally, there are significant correlations between body mass index and increased C-reactive protein levels. We investigated the relationship of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels with body adiposity distribution and blood cell count in obese children. A cross-sectional study was performed in 225 Mexican children. In the study were included 106 obese and 119 normal-weight children, aged 6-13 years old. The body composition was evaluated by BMI, body circumferences and skinfold thickness. hsCRP levels and hematological parameters were analyzed in all children. The hsCRP levels were higher in obese children than in the control group (1.5 and 0.41 mg/L respectively, P<0.001). Interestingly, hsCRP levels >3 mg/L were associated with the increase of circumferences of the waist, hip and arms (ORs= 9.08, 6.78 and 8.73, respectively, P<0.001), and a higher thickness of triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds (ORs= 4.73, 6.39 and 5.26, respectively, P=0.001), as well as a higher leukocyte and platelet counts. The data suggest that hsCRP levels are associated with skinfold thickness and body circumferences, and a moderate relationship was found with leukocyte and platelet counts in the studied children.
La obesidad se asocia con un estado de inflamación crónica de bajo grado. Generalmente, hay correlaciones significativas entre el índice de masa corporal y el incremento en los niveles de la proteína C reactiva (CRP). Se investigó la relación de los niveles de CRP de alta sensibilidad (hsCRP) con la distribución de la adiposidad corporal y la cuenta de las células sanguíneas en niños obesos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 225 niños mexicanos. En el estudio se incluyeron 106 niños obesos y 119 con peso normal, edad de 6-13 años. La composición corporal fue evaluada por IMC, circunferencias corporales y grosor de pliegues cutáneos. Los niveles de la hsCRP de alta sensibilidad y los parámetros hematológicos fueron analizados en todos los niños. Los niveles de la hsCRP presentaron un incremento en los niños obesos con respecto al grupo control (1,5 y 0,41 mg/L respectivamente, P<0,001). Es interesante que los niveles de hsCRP>3 mg/L se asociaron con mayor circunferencia de cintura, cadera y brazo (ORs= 9,08, 6,78 y 8,73, respectivamente, P<0,001) y mayor grosor de los pliegues como tríceps, subescapular y suprailiaco (ORs= 4,73, 6,39 y 5,26, respectivamente, P=0,001), así como con el aumento en la cuenta de leucocitos y plaquetas. Los datos sugieren que los niveles de la hsCRP se asocian con el grosor de los pliegues cutáneos y las circunferencias corporales y fue encontrada una relación moderada con las cuentas de leucocitos y plaquetas en los niños estudiados.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal , Obesidade Infantil/sangue , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
The presence of childhood obesity predisposes to the development of cardio vascular and metabolic diseases, such as coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in adulthood. The polymorphisms described in PAI-1 gene have been linked with obesity and metabolic syndrome in several populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the as sociation of the -844 G/A (rs2227631), -675 4G/5G (rs1799889) and HindIII C/G (rs757716) PAI-1 polymorphisms with obesity and dyslipidemia in a sample of Mexican children. A cross-sectional study was performed in 222 children with an age range between 6-11 years; 104 children were classified as obese and 118 children with normal-weight. The PAI-1 poly morphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplogenotype analysis among the three polymorphisms were determined. The results showed significant as sociations with obesity of the -844 G/A genotype and the A allele (OR= 2.75, p<0.001 and OR= 1.76, p=0.01, respectively). The -844 G/A polymorphism was found in LD with -675 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism (D= 0.77). We found that G-4G-C/A-5G-G is a risk haplogeno type for obesity [OR=2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-4.22; p= 0.01] and with marginal association with hypertriglyceridemia(OR= 2.6; 95% CI 1.04-6.35; p= 0.05). The G-4G-C/A 5G-G PAI-1 haplogenotype may be a genetic marker of susceptibility for obesity and hypertri glyceridemia in Mexican children.
La presencia de la obesidad en la infancia predispone al desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas, como la enfermedad arterial coronaria y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en la edad adulta. Algunos polimorfismos en el gen PAI-1 se han relacionado con la obesidad y el síndrome metabólico en varias poblaciones. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la asociación de los polimorfismos -844 G/A (rs2227631), -675 4G/5G (rs1799889) y HindIII C/G (rs757716) en el gen PAI-1 con la obesidad y las dislipidemias en una muestra de niños mexicanos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 222 niños con un rango de edad de 6-11 años, de los cuales 104 niños fueron clasificados con obesidad y 118 con peso normal. Los poli morfismos en el gen PAI-1 fueron analizados por PCR-RFLP. También se determinó el desequilibrio de ligamiento y el análisis de haplogenotipos de los tres polimorfismos. Los resultados mostraron la asociación significativa de la obesidad con el genotipo -844 G/A y el alelo A (OR= 2,75, p<0,001 y OR= 1,76, p=0,01, respectivamente). El polimorfismo -844 G/A se encontró en desequilibrio de ligamiento con el -675 4G/5G (D= 0.77). También se encontró que el haplogenotipo G-4G-C/A-5G-G es un marcador de riesgo para la obesidad [OR=2,6; 95% intervalo de confianza (CI) 1,17-4,22; p= 0,01], además de que este haplogenotipo presentó una asociación marginal con la hipertrigliceridemia (OR= 2,6; 95% CI 1,04-6,35; p= 0,05). El haplogenotipo G-4G-C/A-5G-G en el gen PAI-1 puede ser un marcador genético de susceptibilidad para obesidad e hipertrigliceridemia en niños mexicanos.