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1.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 97(5): 310-316, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36115782

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The ingestion of magnetic objects can cause complications in children, and there are no epidemiological or clinical data on the subject in Spain. OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence, epidemiological characteristics and management of magnet ingestion in paediatric emergency departments in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective observational multicentre study conducted over a 3-year period. The study universe consisted of patients aged less than 14 years. RESULTS: The incidence was 4.8 cases per 100 000 emergency care episodes. Of the 72 patients included (mean age, 7.2 years), 54% were male. Seven percent had neuropsychiatric disorders. Sixty-one percent of the magnets were spherical and 69% came from toys. The size was variable, most frequently between 5 and 10 mm (50%), and ranging from 3 to 30 mm. Eighty-six percent of patients were asymptomatic. The most frequent symptom was abdominal pain. Eighty-three percent of the patients sought medical care within 6 h of ingestion and 92% within 24 h. Thirty-one percent of the cases were of multiple ingestion. Endoscopy was required for extraction in 15% of cases, a proportion that rose to 36% in the group of cases of multiple ingestion. None of the patients required surgery. We did not observe any gastrointestinal complications of magnet ingestion. CONCLUSIONS: The ingestion of multiple magnets is less frequent than single magnet ingestion, and we did not observe any complications despite the lower frequency of procedures compared to other studies.


Assuntos
Corpos Estranhos , Imãs , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Imãs/efeitos adversos , Corpos Estranhos/complicações , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Ingestão de Alimentos
2.
Eur J Emerg Med ; 26(2): 118-122, 2019 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29036004

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the utility of Point-Of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) for diagnosing distal forearm fractures in pediatric emergency departments (ED). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was carried out in children aged younger than 15 years attended in an ED with an indication of radiography because of a suspected distal forearm fracture. The POCUS was performed considering cortical irregularity or disruption compatible with fracture. Then, the radiography was requested and the patient was evaluated by an ED traumatologist. Both tests were blinded to each other. The radiograph was considered to be the reference diagnostic test. Diagnostic validation tests were performed. RESULTS: A total of 115 patients [mean age: 9.1 (SD: 3.1) years; 50.4% males] were included, with 57 of these presenting fractures: 42 (73.7%) single bone fractures and 15 (26.3%) combined fractures of the radius and ulna. As such, 72 fractures were detected (prevalence 31.3%). The sensitivity and specificity of POCUS for detecting fractures were 94.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 86.4-98.5] and 96.8% (95% CI: 92.8-99.0), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 93.2% (95% CI: 84.7-97.7) and 97.5% (95% CI: 93.6-99.3), respectively. CONCLUSION: POCUS enables the clinical diagnosis of distal forearm fractures in ED. In addition, this is a highly accurate technique that can be applied easily by the ED pediatrician. As such, its inclusion as part of the physical examination could improve the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis and the global management of the patient.


Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito/estatística & dados numéricos , Fraturas do Rádio/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Exame Físico , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia
3.
Eur J Emerg Med ; 25(1): 65-70, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27536810

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the applicability and utility of point-of-care lung ultrasonography (POCLUS) for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a pediatric emergency department. METHODS: A prospective observational study on children with suspected CAP was carried out in a pediatric emergency department from August to December 2014. The evaluation of the chest radiography (CR) by two independent radiologists was considered as a reference standard. POCLUS was performed by pediatricians who were blinded to CR results. Following the WHO criteria, typical CAP was defined as an alveolar consolidation or infiltrate in CR and a visualization of lung consolidation with sonographic air bronchograms in POCLUS. The diagnostic accuracy of POCLUS (sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values) was established using CR as a gold standard. RESULTS: We enrolled 200 children with a median age of 29.5 months (interquartile range, 18.5-52.5); 58.1% were males and 42.0% had focal decreased breath sounds and/or crackles. The prevalence of typical CAP according to the radiologist's evaluation was 42.5% (end-point consolidation and/or pleural effusion 56.5%, alveolar infiltrate 43.5%). The sensitivity and specificity of POCLUS were 87.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 78.0-93.4] and 94.8% (95% CI 89.0-98.1), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 92.5% (95% CI 84.4-97.2) and 90.8% (95% CI 84.2-95.3), respectively. CONCLUSION: POCLUS performed by an emergency pediatrician with a limited experience in ultrasonography enables the diagnosis of pneumonia with high accuracy. POCLUS could become a feasible and promising alternative to CR in the diagnosis of suspected CAP, leading to a relevant decrease in children's exposure to ionizing radiations. Further studies specifically carried out in the pediatric outpatient setting are needed.


Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico por imagem , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Pneumonia/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia
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