Long-term survival of kidney grafts in lupus nephritis: a Mexican cohort.

Kidney transplant for patients with lupus nephritis (LN) has satisfactory outcomes in studies with short-term or mid-term follow up. Nevertheless, information about long-term outcomes is scarce. We performed a retrospective matched-pair cohort study in 74 LN recipients compared with 148 non-LN controls matched by age, sex, immunosuppressive treatment, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matches, and transplant period in order to evaluate long-term outcomes of kidney transplant in LN recipients. Matched pairs were predominantly females (83%), median age at transplant surgery of 32 years (interquartile range 23-38 years), and 66% received a graft from a living related donor. Among LN recipients, 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year graft survival was 81%, 79%, 57% and 51%, respectively, and it was similar to that observed in controls (89%, 78%, 64%, and 56%, respectively). Graft loss (27% vs. 21%, p = 0.24) and overall survival ( p = 0.15) were not different between LN recipients and controls. Also, there was no difference in episodes of immunological rejection, thrombosis, or infection. Only six LN recipients had biopsy-proven lupus recurrence and three of them had graft loss. In a cohort with a long follow up of kidney transplant recipients, LN recipients had similar long-term graft survival and overall outcomes compared with non-lupus recipients when predictors are matched between groups.

Outcomes and complications of anal sacculectomy for non-neoplastic anal sac disease in cats: 8 cases (2006-2019).

OBJECTIVES: To describe the features of non-neoplastic anal sac disease in cats, the surgical procedure, complications, surgical outcome and prognosis compared to well-established data for anal sacculectomy in canine patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records of cats undergoing anal sacculectomy for non-neoplastic disease between 2006 and 2019. RESULTS: Eight cats were included in the study of which four of eight developed minor and self-limiting complications including defaecatory complications in three cases and superficial corneal ulceration in one case. No cat developed permanent faecal incontinence. No long-term postoperative complication was recorded. Median surgical time was 35 minutes (range, 20 to 42). Median hospitalisation time was 1.5 days (range, 1 to 4). The incidence of short-term minor complications is higher than previously reported in dogs, although this might be in agreement with a reported higher incidence in dogs smaller than 15 kg. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Anal sacculectomy for non-neoplastic anal sac disease is a safe procedure in cats with relatively high rate of short-term but self-limiting, minor, postoperative complications.

Ezetimibe improves postprandial hyperlipidaemia in patients with type IIb hyperlipidaemia.

BACKGROUND: Postprandial hyperlipidaemia is known to be a high-risk factor for atherosclerotic disease because of rapid and lasting accumulations of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and remnants. The Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) protein acts as an intestinal cholesterol transporter and ezetimibe, which inhibits NPC1L1, has been used in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. We investigated effects of ezetimibe on fasting lipid and lipoprotein profiles and postprandial hyperlipidaemia in patients with type IIb hyperlipidaemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ezetimibe 10 mg per day was administered in ten patients with type IIb hyperlipidaemia for 2 months, and lipid and lipoprotein profiles were examined during fasting and after an oral fat loading (OFL) test. RESULTS: In the fasting state, ezetimibe significantly decreased not only total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and apolipoproteinB-100 (apoB-100) levels but triglycerides (TG), apoB-48 and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RemL-C) levels. High performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that ezetimibe decreased cholesterol and TG levels in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL size ranges as well as apoB-100 levels, suggesting a decrease in numbers of VLDL and LDL particles. After OFL, ezetimibe decreased the area under the curve for TG, apoB-48 and RemL-C. Ezetimibe decreased postprandial elevations of cholesterol and TG levels in the chylomicrons (CM) size range, suggesting that the postprandial production of CM particles was suppressed by ezetimibe. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that ezetimibe improves fasting lipoprotein profiles and postprandial hyperlipidaemia by suppressing intestinal CM production in patients with type IIb hyperlipidaemia and such treatment may prove to be effective in reducing atherosclerosis.

High-performance liquid chromatography method for the characterization of rhamnolipid mixtures produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2 on corn oil.

A HPLC method was developed to quantify rhamnolipid species in a bacterial biosurfactant mixture. The biosurfactant mixtures containing mainly 3-[3'-(L-rhamnopyranosyl-oxy)decanoyloxy]decanoic acid (RhC10C10), 3-[3'-(2'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-oxy)decanoyloxy]decanoic acid (Rh2C10C10), 3-[3'-(2'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-oxy)decanoyloxy]dodecanoic acid (Rh2C10C12), and a dehydrogenated variety of the latter, 3-[3'-(2'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-oxy)decanoyloxy]dodecenoic acid (Rh2C10C12-H2), were isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2 cultures grown on corn oil as sole carbon. The rhamnolipid species were identified and quantified after their derivatization to the corresponding phenacyl esters. To confirm the reliability of the HPLC method, the biosurfactant mixtures and the HPLC isolated species were further analyzed. Mass spectroscopy (electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization techniques) was used to confirm their molecular mass, gas chromatography to verify their fatty acid content, and a colorimetric assay to quantify the rhamnose content.

Influence of rhamnolipids and triton X-100 on the biodegradation of three pesticides in aqueous phase and soil slurries.

The effect of surfactants on the biodegradation of trifluralin and atrazine (by Streptomyces PS1/5) and coumaphos (by degrading consortia from a contaminated cattle dip) in liquid cultures and soil slurries was tested at different concentrations of a rhamnolipid mixture (Rh-mix) and Triton X-100 (TX-100). The extent of trifluralin biodegradation in liquid culture was improved at high concentrations of both surfactants. The extent of atrazine degradation dropped in the presence of either surfactant. Coumaphos biodegradation improved slightly at Rh-mix dosages >3000 microM; however, it was readily inhibited by TX-100 at amounts above the critical micelle concentration. In soil slurries, the extent of both trifluralin and atrazine biodegradation was higher in Hagerstown A (HTA) soil than in Hagerstown B (HTB) soil and was not significantly affected by the presence of either surfactant. The onset of trifluralin biodegradation was retarded at higher concentrations of surfactants. In the absence of surfactant, up to 98% of coumaphos in both soil slurries was transformed. At increasing dosages of Rh-mix, the onset of coumaphos biodegradation was retarded, but the removal efficiency of the pesticide increased. Rh-mix and TX-100 depletion was observed during Streptomyces PS1/5 growth in liquid cultures. Rh-mix concentration also decreased during coumaphos biodegradation, whereas TX-100 concentration was not affected. These results suggest that surfactants, added for the purpose of increasing the apparent water solubility of hydrophobic organic compounds, may have unintended effects on both the rate and extent of biodegradation of the target compounds if the surfactants can also be degraded by the microorganisms in the system.

Effect of nutritional and environmental conditions on the production and composition of rhamnolipids by P. aeruginosa UG2.

The production of rhamnolipid biosurfactants by P. aeruginosa UG2 was examined under different culture conditions. Rhamnolipid yield was affected by the nature of the carbon sources, the nutrient concentrations, pH, and age of the culture. Hydrophobic substrates like corn oil, lard (rich in unsaturated and saturated fat), and long chain alcohols maximized biosurfactant production (100-165 mg/g substrate). Hydrophilic substrates like glucose, and succinic acid delivered poor yields (12-36 mg/g substrate). Rhamnolipid production was greater when N as (NH4)(2)SO4 and trace metals were added in several periodic doses rather than at the beginning of the process. Increased biosurfactant production was seen in cultures maintained at neutral pH relative to cultures allowed to develop acidic conditions (pH = 6.25). Although the level of rhamnolipid production was affected by culture conditions, the distribution of rhamnolipid subspecies did not vary between cultures. A dirhamnolipid species containing two 10 carbon alpha-hydroxy fatty acids [Rh2C10C10] was the most abundant in the mixtures (60.6 mol%), while the levels of the monorhamnolipid [RhC10C10] (20.7 mol%) and two dirhamnolipids [Rh2C10C12 and its dehydro variant Rh2C10C12-H2] (18.7 mol%) were similar. Biosurfactant mixtures produced with corn oil as sole carbon source solubilized the herbicide trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamine] to a greater extent. This suggests that the presence of incompletely metabolized hydrophobic by-products acting as co-solvents can increase the solubilization capacity of biosurfactant mixtures.

[Life style, family history and personal pathology in relation to arterial hypertension in students of the Medical Faculty of UNAM]. / Estilo de vida y antecedentes familiares y personales patológicos relacionados con hipertension arterial en estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina de la U.N.A.M.

Arterial hypertension (HA) is a public health problem, 15 to 30% of adults in our country suffer it. There are different facts that influence its outcome. Among young people the main factors are: alcoholism, smoking tobacco, overweight, diabetes, family history, sedentarism and psychological aspects. The main object of this study, was to detect the risk factor for the development of HA in the students of the University. For this search 489 sophomore students class at the Medical School of the University of Mexico (UNAM), between 17 and 24 years old, were studied. Our results showed that positive family history was more prevalent among females. Among males life-style factors were more significant, the main factor was sedentarism, whereas lesser factor was overweight. The prevalence of HA was higher for diastolic hypertension than for systolic. We concluded there are many risk factors that influence the development of HA, which are distributed in a different way according to gender preventive measures are recommended.

Influence of Exluton (progestogen-only OC) and the Multiload Cu 250 IUD on lactation.

PIP: Postpartum women, who were breastfeeding their infants and who met the necessary criteria to participate in this study, were placed on a progestogen-only oral contraceptive (Exluton) or had Multiload Cu 250 IUDs inserted in order to evaluate their influence on lactation. The influence on lactation was measured by comparing weight, length, and head circumference of the infants. in addition, milk quality, length of feeding episodes, and time of 1st supplementary feeding were monitored. There were no significant differences in the growth patterns of infants when compared to those of the control group. The women's subjective impression of milk quantity indicated that this was satisfactory. It appears that Exluton and the Multiload Cu 250 IUD do not influence lactation.^ieng

[Accumulated years of potential productive life lost due industrial accidents in Petróleos Mexicanos]. / Años acumulados de vida productiva potencial perdidos por accidentes de trabajo en Petróleos Mexicanos.

OBJECTIVE: There are different indicators to give priority to health problems within the area of occupational health; we propose the calculation of accumulated years of potential productive life lost (AYPPLL) to estimate the loss of material and human resources due to work accidents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 8 638 work accidents were analyzed using this method. Independent variables were: sex, age, place and type of accident, subject's income and work conditions. The dependent variable was permanent disability. RESULTS: Subjects who had some kind of permanent damage were 19.5%; the total number of AYPPLL was 5611, with an average of 3.2 YPPLL per accident. Variables associated with the highest AYPPLL were the sociodemographic variables, male sex, lowest income levels, temporary work contracts and injuries of the hand and wrist. CONCLUSIONS: The AYPPLL method was found to be a valuable indicator of the safety and hygiene of the worksite and a useful tool for planning and evaluating work accident programs.

[The prevalence of elevated arterial pressure and risk factors in adolescents in the Federal District of Mexico]. / Prevalencia de tensión arterial elevada y factores de riesgo en adolescentes en el Distrito Federal.

To develop studies on blood pressure (BP) of young population, such as adolescents, is important, because it is an early way to obtain information about the factors that could influence or modify the levels of BP. A group of 1,146 junior high school students from Mexico City was studied, by means of a questionnaire to identify risk factors, which were classified as: 1. inherent factors, 2. acquired risks and 3. family background. A significant association was observed related to inherent factors in scholars, mainly at monarch age with an odds ratio of 2.45; and confidence intervals of (1.05-5.63) for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 8.81 (4.44-17.54) for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). In relation to acquired risks, there was a positive association with the use of contraceptives. As for family background there was as important association, in the following order: obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Therefore, it may be said that since early ages there are risk factors for BP; although some of them were not significantly, they can not be excluded as risk factors because there is a possibility that a longer latency period may be needed for them to act as such.

[Percentile curves of arterial tension in school children from Mexico City]. / Curvas percentilares de tensión arterial en escolares de la Ciudad de México.

Hypertensive heart disease has an important place among the cardiovascular diseases. There are evidences that the behavior of arterial tension (AT) in children can predict the possible appearance of arterial hypertension (AH) in the adult. The foreign percentile curves, when applied to our population, show either under or overestimation of the cases. This is the reason for the need of having our own percentile tables. In this study we found different mean values for systolic and diastolic arterial tension (SAT and DAT) between the sexes, being these higher for the males, but these differences had no statistical significance. We present percentile tables for AT per sex against age, weight, height and corpulence index (CI). According to WHO, when a child has three measurement over the 95 percentile he should be considered AH. The tables for height, weight, and CI should be used only under special circumstances.

[Relation of weight and arterial pressure in university students]. / Asociación entre peso y tensión arterial en estudiantes universitarios.

There is evidence of an association between obesity and hypertension. This association occurs more frequently in industrialized population. Weight gain in young adult life is a potent risk factor for later development of hypertension. In this study we used cross-sectional data of medical students, between 17 and 24 years old. The relationship among blood pressure and relative weight were examined through assessment of mean blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension. We found that in males, the 21.89% was overweight or obese and in females, the 25.98% was in this range. The blood pressure was greater in males. For all the risk groups, except for the hazardous group about DBP. The regression analysis showed a linear relative weight-blood pressure relation for both sexes and both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The prevalence ratio was greater than 1 in all cases. The observations founded suggest that the mechanism that protect females in young adult life are nulified by the overweight. It's necessary to foment preventive ways against overweight in young adult life because in this age it's possible to revert the higher blood pressure levels. Obesity; hypertension; adolescents.

[Normal values of arterial pressure in adolescent students in the Federal District, Mexico]. / Valores normales de tensión arterial en escolares adolescentes en el Distrito Federal, México.

The studies of blood pressure (BP) in the adolescence are important because the growth and development, as well as the exposure to risk factors that begins in this period gives a good opportunity to make research on the behavior of BP and its modification in adulthood. We carried out a transversal study. Our sample was made by random conglomerates, multistage; we studied 1,123 children from 12 to 15 years on Mexico City. The behavior of the BP cifers for the males was that as age increases they increase at an average of 3 mmHg per year, in females we did not find this. When we compared the percentilar values by age and sex with studies carried out in the US, we had similar results.

[Influence of work status of mothers on the weight of full-term newborns]. / Influencia de la situación laboral de la madre en el peso del recién nacido a término.

Birth weight is considered as the most important indicator of growth and intrauterine development as well as the nutritional status of the newborn. Several reports have demonstrated the influence of both biological and social variables on low birth weight, among which being discussed is the influence of the mothers work activities. Two hundred and thirty-two newborns were studied at the Regional Hospital "20 de Noviembre" of the Institute de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria which homogenized the sample and allowed to associate the work status of the mother with the low birth weight of the child. The somatometric data of the newborns was obtained from official registrars from the Perinatology Ward and directly from the mothers who were interviewed. The results did not significant statistical differences in the weight of the newborns of those mothers who do work than in those who don't. It was concluded that for this sample, the favorable socioeconomic fund established by a double family income apparently compensates any disadvantages which the work activity could have on the newborns' weight.

Esferocitosis familiar hereditaria.Estudio en una zona rural de Baja California Sur / Hereditary familial spherocytosis. Study in a rural zone of Baja California Sur

Se exponen los resultados de un estudio realizado en una zona rural de Baja California Sur, acerca de la esferocitosis familiar hereditaria. A partir de un paciente diagnosticado y tratado, se localizan un numero elevado de casos, 56 sobre 1142 habitantes, lo que da una tasa de prevalencia de 490 x 10.000 habitantes. Se analizan algunas caracteristicas de la poblacion afectada y se propone que ciertos factores socioeconomicos repercuten en el desarrollo de la enfermedad en detrimento del paciente. Todos los sujetos afectados pertenecen a la misma familia