Development and cross-cultural adaptation of the vestibular disorders activities of daily living scale in the kannada language and testing its psychometric properties.

Background: Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living Scale (VADL) is a self-reported survey for assessing functions of individuals affected by vestibular disorders, and this survey has been translated and cross-culturally adapted into many languages. Objective: : Kannada is one of the most-spoken languages in India, with approximately 64 million speakers. We aimed to develop the Kannada version of VADL and to assess its psychometric properties. Materials and Methods: The translation and adaptation of the English version of VADL into Kannada were accomplished with the input of medical professional language experts. Pretesting of the Kannada VADL (VADL-K) was conducted on 30 patients with vestibular disorders. Six professional experts with medical background provided their opinion during the content validation process of VADL-K, and 50 subjects aged between 30 and 70 years with variant vestibular disorders were administered VADL-K and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory to determine the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity of this assessment. Results: This study effectively translated, adapted, and pretested VADL-K. The scale's content validity was 0.95, its internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = α) was 0.94, its test-retest reliability with Intra Class- Correlation Coefficient was 0.97, and its concurrent validity in comparison with DHI was significant, with a moderate correlation r-value of 0.58. Conclusion: The English version of VADL was successfully translated and adapted into the Kannada language. VADL-K is a valid and reliable measure for patients with vestibular disorders in the state of Karnataka to report their functional performance.

Normative reference values for the timed up-and-go test in Indian children aged four to 11 years old and their correlation with demographic characteristics: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The timed up-and-go test (TUGT) is a quick, reliable, and valid assessment tool for evaluating functional mobility or dynamic balance. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to establish the normative values for TUGT in children aged 4 to 11 years old in Surat, India. METHODS: A total of 420 children (210 boys and 210 girls) were included. Subjects were divided into seven age groups. In each age group, 60 (30 males and 30 females) subjects were included. Subjects were randomly recruited from primary schools and underwent three trials of the TUGT. Then, the mean of the three TUGT trials was calculated for each participant. RESULTS: We formulated normative reference values for each of the seven age groups. The mean and standard deviation of the TUGT score across the total population was 6.00 ± 1.15 seconds. TUGT scores were compared between age groups and genders. Between boys and girls, we found no significant differences. Among the age groups, however, we found significant differences, with a P value of less than 0.001. Thus, only age showed a moderate negative correlation with TUGT score. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides normative reference values for the TUGT among Indian children aged four to 11 years old. We found that no differences existed between the TUGT results according to genders. Conversely, age had a moderate negative correlation: a comparison of TUGT scores among the ages revealed significant differences between the age groups.

Normative reference values for functional, lateral, and oblique direction reach tests in Saudi children aged six to 15 years old and psychometric properties of the oblique direction reach test.

AIMS: To establish normative values for functional, lateral, and Oblique Direction Reach Tests (ODRT) and to assess the validity and reliability of the ODRT in Saudi children of age 6-15 years. METHODS: Three hundred Saudi children of age 6-15 years children were recruited by using snowball sampling. Children were measured for distance reached in forward, lateral, and oblique direction on a graph paper, which was mounted on a wall/cardboard. RESULTS: The Mean ± SD for forward, lateral and oblique direction reach was 25.63 ± 6.95, 18.91 ± 5.66, 22.08 ± 5.98 cm respectively. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient values of intra and inter-rater reliability of ODRT shown to be 0.94 and 0.91, respectively. Concurrent validity of ODRT with forward and lateral reach test is 0.87 and 0.84, respectively. CONCLUSION: : We established the normal values for functional, lateral, and ODRT in 6-15 years of Saudi children. We found that ODRT is a valid and reliable for measuring limits of stability in oblique direction.