Dupilumab treatment in paediatric atopic dermatitis (2 to 18 years): Spanish multicentre retrospective real-life study.

BACKGROUND: Moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) can be difficult to manage in paediatric patients, with few licensed treatments in this age group. Dupilumab is approved for AD in children older than 6 months. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in a real-life cohort of paediatric AD patients in Spain. METHODS: A multicentre, retrospective real-life study on the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in patients aged 2 to 18 years old with moderate-to-severe AD was conducted. Demographic and clinical characteristics were analysed, and effectiveness (EASI, IGA, DLQI, NRS itch), safety, and drug survival measures were assessed. A comparison of our results with other real-world outcomes and with clinical trials was made. RESULTS: Data from 243 patients from 19 centres was collected, with a mean follow-up of 85 weeks. Dupilumab exhibited significant effectiveness, with marked reductions in severity scores from week 4. By week 16, 79.4% of patients reached EASI75 and 40.5% reached EASI90. Mean percentage reduction in EASI was 79.7%. Increasing improvements were observed until week 52, with 85.8% and 49.6% achieving EASI75 and EASI90, respectively. Forty-three patients developed adverse events (AE) (43/243, 17.7%), being the most frequent ocular surface diseases (20/243, 8.2%), injection site reactions (8/243, 3.3%) and facial redness (7/243, 2.9%). Drug survival was high (96.9% and 93.1% after 1 and 2 years of follow-up, respectively), with only 19 (19/243, 7.8%) patients interrupting treatment: 7 (7/243, 2.9%) due to AE, 2 (2/243, 0.82%) due to secondary failure, 5 (5/243, 2.1%) were lost to follow-up and 5 (5/243, 2.1%) entered remission and stopped treatment. CONCLUSION: Real-life use of dupilumab in paediatric AD showcased sustained effectiveness, high drug survival, and acceptable safety profiles. Longer-term studies are crucial for AE surveillance and how to manage disease remission.

Phylogenetic inferences based on distinct molecular markers reveals a novel Babesia (Babesia pantanalensis nov. sp.) and a Hepatozoon americanum-related genotype in crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous).

Piroplasmids and Hepatozoon spp. Are apicomplexan protozoa that may cause disease in several canid species. The present study aimed to expand the knowledge on the diversity of piroplasmids and Hepatozoon in crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous; n = 12) sampled in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul State, central-western Brazil. PCR assays based on the 18S rRNA were used as screening. Three (25%) and 11 (91.7%) were positive for piroplasmids and Hepatozoon spp., respectively. Co-infection was found in three C. thous. Phylogenetic analyses based on the near-complete 18S rRNA, cox-1 and hsp70 genes evidenced the occurrence of a novel of Babesia spp. (namely Babesia pantanalensis nov. sp.) closely related to Rangelia vitalii and Babesia sp. 'Coco'. This finding was supported by the genetic divergence analysis which showed (i) high divergence, ranging from 4.17 to 5.62% for 18 S rRNA, 6.16% for hps70 and 4.91-9.25% for cox-1 and (ii) the genotype network (which displayed sequences separated from the previously described Piroplasmida species by median vectors and several mutational events). Also, phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene of Hepatozoon spp. positioned the sequences obtained herein in a clade phylogenetically related to Hepatozoon sp. 'Curupira 2', Hepatozoon sp. detected in domestic and wild canids from Uruguay and Hepatozoon americanum. The present study described Babesia pantanalensis nov sp. and Hepatozoon closely related to H. americanum in crab-eating foxes from Brazil. Moreover, the coinfection by piroplasmids and Hepatozoon sp. for the first time in crab-eating foxes strongly suggesting that this wild canid species potentially acts as a bio-accumulate of hemoprotozoan in wild environment.

Müller glial cells located in the peripheral retina are more susceptible to high pressure: implications for glaucoma.

BACKGROUND: Glaucoma, a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide. This study aims to elucidate the critical role of Müller glia (MG) in the context of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, particularly focusing on the influence of peripheral MG sensitivity to high pressure (HP). METHODS: Co-cultures of porcine RGCs with MG were isolated from both the central and peripheral regions of pig retinas and subjected to both normal and HP conditions. Mass spectrometry analysis of the MG-conditioned medium was conducted to identify the proteins released by MG under all conditions. RESULTS: Peripheral MG were found to secrete a higher quantity of neuroprotective factors, effectively promoting RGC survival under normal physiological conditions. However, under HP conditions, co-cultures with peripheral MG exhibited impaired RGC survival. Moreover, under HP conditions, peripheral MG significantly upregulated the secretion of proteins associated with apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides robust evidence suggesting the involvement of MG in RGC death in glaucoma, thus paving the way for future therapeutic investigations.

Co-infestation caused by Goniodes pavonis (L., 1758) (Ischnocera: Goniodidae) and Goniocotes rectangulatus Nitzsch [In Giebel], 1866 on white Indian peafowl, Pavo cristatus L., 1758 (Galliformes: Phasianidaede) in Brazil.

The genus Goniodes Nitzsch and Goniocotes Burmeister (Ischnocera: Goniogodidae) are distributed worldwide, and exclusively parasitizing avian hosts of the Galliformes. In Brazil, there are only four species recorded: Goniodes dissimilis Denny, Goniodes gigas (Taschenberg), Goniodes pavonis (L.), and Goniocotes gallinae (DeGeer). In the present study, we are reporting the co-parasitism of G. pavonis and G. rectangulatus Nitzsch [In Giebel] on specimens of the white Pavo cristatus, popularly known as 'white Indian peafowl' for the first time. Furthermore, a new Brazilian locality for G. pavonis species has been reported, as well as the first time that G. rectangulatus is reported to Brazil. Additionally, we provide the first molecular information for G. pavonis.

Cytogenotoxicity effects in addicts with multidrug consumption.

Drug abuse is considered a global health problem with serious social impact. In recent decades, changes in drug consumption patterns have shown a clear rising trend in the use of multiple drugs. Although the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay has evaluated cytotoxicity in drug abuse, there has not been an approach that takes into account this pattern of multiple drug use. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate for the first time the cytogenotoxic effects in multidrug users, and its correlation with the amount consumed and years of abuse. This study was conducted on 166 individuals by the BMCyt assay. A total of 83 individuals with a history of multiple licit (alcohol and tobacco) and at least one illicit drug abuse (marijuana, methamphetamines, cocaine, and/or inhalants), and 83 healthy individuals, non-drug abusers were analyzed. The results showed that drug abusers had higher frequencies of nuclear abnormalities nuclear buds, binucleated cells, pyknotic nuclei (PNs), karyorrhexis (KX), and abnormally condensed chromatin when compared with healthy controls. Moreover, results suggests that the use of licit and illicit drugs is related to cytogenotoxic damage, as was shown by an upward trend in the frequency of nuclear abnormalities identified in groups 1 (alcohol + tobacco + at least one illicit drug) and 2 (tobacco + at least one illicit drug). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found in the different groups, between the years and the amount of consumption of some drugs (alcohol, methamphetamine, and tobacco) with cytotoxicity markers such as KL, KX, and PNs.

Amelioration of Cytogenotoxic Damage in Drug Abusers Supplemented with Folic Acid.

BACKGROUND: Cytogenotoxic damage caused by the consumption of legal and illegal drugs in drug abusers has been demonstrated, primarily due to alterations in their antioxidant capacity, cellular repair mechanisms, and increased production of free radicals. Folic acid shows antioxidant activity by acting as a reducing agent, neutralizing present free radicals, and reducing genomic damage. METHODS: The intervention involved administering 15 mg of folic acid, divided into three doses per day, to a group of 44 drug abusers. The frequency of nuclear abnormalities (NAs) was determined; micronuclei (MNs), nuclear buds (NBUDs), binucleated cells (BNs), abnormally condensed chromatin (CC), karyorrhexis (KX), pyknotic nuclei (PNs), and karyolysis (KL) were determined at different pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment time points at 15 and 30 days. Additionally, a group of 44 healthy individuals was used as the control group. RESULTS: We observed a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of NAs in the drug abuser group (28.45 ± 17.74 before supplementation vs. 11.18 ± 7.42 at 15 days and 9.11 ± 10.9 at 30 days of supplementation). Specifically, it decreased the frequency of NBUDs, BNs, CC, KX, and PNs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates a clear improvement in cytogenotoxic damage in drug abusers supplemented with folic acid.

Eutrichophilus cordiceps Mjöberg, 1910 (Ischnocera: Trichodectidae) in Spiny Tree Porcupines (Coendou villosus): New locality records and the first molecular evidence of association with Bartonella sp.

The chewing louse genus Eutrichophilus Mjöberg has 19 species only associated with porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). Of these species, E. cercolabes, E. cordiceps, E. emersoni, E. minor, E. moojeni, and E. paraguayensis have been recorded in Brazil. In the present study, we report E. cordiceps for the first time in the São Paulo State (Bauru Municipality) and for the second time in the Santa Catarina State (Lages Municipality), providing scanning electron images and light microscopy for the eggs, as well as the first molecular data (18S rRNA) for the genus. Additionally, Bartonella sp. was detected for the first time in this chewing lice species.

Molecular detection of Bartonella spp. in bat-associated macronyssid mites (Acari: Macronyssidae) from Southern and Southeastern Brazil.

Despite the worldwide occurrence and high genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in bats, few studies investigate their occurrence in bat-associated mites. To date, 26 species of Macronyssidae mite species have been reported from Brazil, and 15 of which were found parasitizing bats. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of Bartonella DNA in bat-associated macronyssid mites from Brazil. For this purpose, 393 macronyssid specimens were selected by convenience from the tissue bank of the Acari Collection of the Instituto Butantan (IBSP). These mites were collected from 14 different bat species in three different Brazilian States (Minas Gerais, Paraná, and Rio de Janeiro). Out of 165 mites positive in the PCR for the endogenous 18S rRNA gene, only eight were positive in the qPCR for Bartonella spp. based on the nuoG gene, and we were able to obtain two sequences base in this same gene, and one sequence based on the 16S rRNA gene. The phylogenetic inference based on the nuoG gene grouped the obtained sequences with Bartonella genotypes previously detected in bats and associated bat flies, while the phylogeny based on the 16S rRNA grouped the obtained sequence in the same clade of Bartonella genotypes previously detected in Dermanyssus gallinae. These findings suggest that macronyssid mites might be associated with the maintenance of bartonellae among bats.

Noteworthy records of the ticks Ornithodoros rostratus and Amblyomma sculptum parasitizing Pteronura brasiliensis in the central-western region of Brazil, with pathogen investigation notes.

A male of Pteronura brasiliensis (Carnivora: Mustelidae) was found dead on the banks of the Rio Negro, in the Pantanal wetlands of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Aquidauana municipality. Two ticks found attached to its skin were morphologically identified as a second-instar nymph of Ornithodoros rostratus (Argasidae) and a male of Amblyomma sculptum (Ixodidae). In order to complement the morphological identification, these tick specimens were subjected to DNA extraction, and tested using PCR assays to confirm the molecular identity the specimens. Also, the tick DNA samples were tested and were negative in the PCR assays for all the pathogens tested. We also examined 30 batches, consisting of 174 individuals of O. rostratus deposited in the Acari Collection of the Butantan Institute, and we found material from four Brazilian states, including one batch containing 2 males and 2 females from Aquidauana, of Mato Grosso do Sul state, collected from the soil. This was therefore the first record of O. rostratus parasitizing P. brasiliensis and the first locality record (Aquidauana). Likewise, A. sculptum is commonly found in the Pantanal and is reported here for the second time parasitizing the giant otter, which is a host little studied regarding the ectoparasites.

Responsabilização socioeducativa: entre a coerção e a educação / La responsabilité socio-éducative: entre contrainte et éducation / Socio-educational accountability: between coercion and education

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar alguns resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado relativa à responsabilização socioeducativa. Discute as formas de prevenir e tratar o delito juvenil na atualidade, reconhecendo a aplicação das medidas socioeducativas como o principal mecanismo de responsabilização pela prática de ato infracional. Realizamos um breve histórico da legislação e das instituições destinadas ao atendimento dos adolescentes no intuito de conhecer as maneiras de tratar o delito juvenil antes do advento do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA). Partimos do pressuposto que a medida socioeducativa, em especial a internação, se reveste tanto por um aspecto coercitivo quanto educativo, sendo que a articulação na prática desses dois elementos tem se revelado como um constante desafio. Assim sendo, investigou-se, a compreensão da socioeducação, bem como sua articulação com a temática da responsabilização. A pesquisa revelou que há três tipos de responsabilização ­ a jurídica, a subjetiva e a educativa ­ e que o trabalho socioeducativo se faz a partir dessa tensão.

Cet article vient présenter quelques résultats de la recherche de maîtrise sur la responsabilité socio-éducative. Il aborde les moyens de prévenir et de traiter la délinquance juvénile de nos jours, en reconnaissant l'application de mesures socio-éducatives comme le principal mécanisme de responsabilisation pour la pratique d'actes délictueux. Nous faisons un bref historique de la législation et des institutions destinées à la prise en charge des adolescents afin de connaître les manières de traiter la criminalité juvénile avant l'avènement du Statut de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent (ECA). Nous partons de l'hypothèse que la mesure socio-éducative, en particulier l'internement, est couverte par un aspect coercitif autant qu'éducatif, étant donné que l'articulation dans la pratique de ces deux éléments s'est révélée être un défi constant. Nous avons donc étudié la compréhension de la socio-éducation, ainsi que son articulation avec le thème de la responsabilité. La recherche a révélé qu'il existe trois types de responsabilité - légale, subjective et éducative - et que le travail socio-éducatif se fait à partir de cette tension.

This article aims to present some results of the master's research on socio-educational accountability. It discusses ways to prevent and treat juvenile crime today, recognizing the application of social and educational measures as the main mechanism of accountability for the practice of transgressive acts. We conducted a brief history of legislation and institutions designed to assist adolescents in order to understand the ways of dealing with juvenile crime before the advent of the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA). We assume that the socio-educational measure, especially internment, has both a coercive and educational aspect, and that the articulation of these two elements has objectively revealed itself as a constant challenge. Therefore, we investigated the understanding of socioeducation, as well as its articulation with the theme of accountability. The research revealed that there are three types of accountability - legal, subjective and educational - and that the socioeducational work is based on this tension.

Crianças diagnosticadas em função de impasses na alfabetização: contribuições da psicanálise / Enfants diagnostiqués en fonction des impasses d'alphabétisation: apports de la psychanalyse / Children diagnosed due to literacy problems: contributions of psychoanalysis

O presente artigo descreve os resultados de uma pesquisa/intervenção de orientação psicanalítica por meio do relato de um estudo de caso de um aluno do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública de ensino da cidade de Itabira-MG. O estudante apresentava impasses na alfabetização e entraves na esfera escolar, enfrentados por meio do processo de patologização e medicalização. Contrapondo-se à medicalização, o caso visa demonstrar a contribuição de um dos procedimentos adotados nesta pesquisa: o diagnóstico Clínico-Pedagógico (DCP), cuja intervenção realiza a leitura daquilo que o aluno ensina ao educador sobre sua singularidade e sobre as particularidades que se repercutem na sua relação com o saber e com os laços sociais construídos na escola. Os resultados obtidos por meio do DCP permitiram perceber o impacto do fenômeno da nomeação advinda de um diagnóstico na aprendizagem acadêmica e a possibilidade de utilizar abordagens teóricas e práticas que permitam aos sujeitos agir sobre os seus problemas escolares.

Cet article décrit les résultats d'une recherche/intervention d'orientation psychanalytique à l'aide du rapport d'une étude de cas d'un élève du primaire d'une école publique de la ville d'Itabira-MG. L'étudiant avait des impasses en alphabétisation et des obstacles dans la sphère scolaire, confrontés à travers le processus de pathologisation et de médicalisation. Contrairement à la médicalisation, le cas vise démontrer l'apport d'une des procédures adoptées dans cette recherche: le Diagnostic clinico-pédagogique (DCP), dont l'intervention effectue la lecture de ce que l'élève enseigne à l'éducateur sur sa singularité et sur les particularités qui ont des répercussions sur leur rapport aux savoirs et aux liens sociaux construits à l'école. Les résultats obtenus par le biais du DCP ont permis de percevoir l'impact du phénomène de dénomination issu d'un diagnostic sur les apprentissages scolaires et la possibilité d'utiliser des approches théoriques et pratiques permettant aux sujets d'agir sur leurs problèmes scolaires.

This article describes the results of a psychoanalytically oriented research/intervention through the report of a case study of an elementary school student from a public school in the city of Itabira-MG. The student had impasses in literacy and obstacles in the school life, faced through the process of pathologization and medicalization. In contrast to medicalization, the case aims to demonstrate the contribution of one of the procedures adopted in this research: the Clinical- Pedagogical Diagnosis (DCP), whose intervention performs the evaluation of what the student teaches the educator about his singularity and about the particularities that have repercussions on their relationship with knowledge and with the social bonds built at school. The results obtained through the DCP made it possible to perceive the impact of the naming phenomenon arising from a diagnosis on academic learning and the possibility of using theoretical and practical approaches that allow subjects to act on their school problems.

Os censos do INEP como critério para entender a formação em Psicologia: gênese, panorama e indicadores atuais / INEP censuses as a criterion to understand Psychology professional education: genesis, overview,and current indicators

Objetivamos refletir como os censos do INEP podem possibilitar um critério para analisar a formação do psicólogo no Brasil. Estabelecemos uma estratégia metodológica baseada na pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental. Contextualizamos o surgimento do INEP e a sua lógica de estabelecer o censo do ensino superior pelas figuras de Lourenço Filho e Anísio Teixeira, suas estadas na Universidade de Columbia e apropriações de ideias psicológicas, educacionais e administrativas. Adentramos tais censos, entre 1940-2010, para entender o expansionismo educacional e a formação do psicólogo. No censo de 2020,observamos: predominância de cursos privados sobre os públicos; expansão formativa em cursos interioranos; expressão da mercantilização da Psicologia; discrepância entre os cursos de Bacharelado e Licenciatura; equivalência e diminuição da oferta de cursos de Licenciatura no ensino público e privado. Concluímos que a análise empreendida ajuda a entender o campo da formação do psicólogo em suas nuances históricas, políticas, estatísticas, sociais e educacionais.

We aim to reflect on how the INEP's censuses mayprovide a criterion to analyze the professional education of psychologists in Brazil.We established a methodological strategy based on bibliographic-research and document analysis. We contextualized the INEP's emergence and its logic of establishing higher education census through the figures of Lourenço Filho and Anísio Teixeira, their stays at Columbia University and appropriations of psychological, educational and administrative ideas. Weexamedsuch censuses, between1940-2010, to understand the educational expansionism and professional education of psychologists.In the 2020 census, we observe: predominance of private courses over public ones; educationalexpansion in inland courses; expression of a commodified Psychology; discrepancy between the Bachelor's and the Teaching License Degree in the education of psychologists; equivalence and reduced offers of Psychology Degreecourses in public and private education. We conclude that the analysis undertakenhelps to understand the psychologist professional educationfield in its historical, political, statistical, social and educational nuances.

Evidence of changes in the oral language in children born full-term and small for gestational age: a systematic review / Evidências de alterações na linguagem oral de crianças nascidas a termo pequenas para a idade gestacional: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Objective: To perform a systematic review in order to verify the association between full-term birth of small for gestational age (SGA) children and the outcomes in the development of oral language. Data source: Articles from MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Lilacs, SciELO and Cochrane Library databases were identified, selected and critically evaluated by two independent reviewers and a judge, blindly, without language restriction and publication period. The PRISMA tool was used, and original studies with a theme involving children born full-term and SGA were included, outcome related to aspects of oral language development, as well as the use of tests, scales and/or specific questionnaires for the investigation, whose methodology was described in full, with children as the target population. Data synthesis: The researchers included nine articles based on the eligibility criteria. Studies have shown that being born SGA can interfere in aspects related to language and reported greater chances of under performance in SGA children when compared to children with appropriate size for gestational age. It was observed that the different studies did not have a uniform design, and the objectives were quite diverse. Furthermore, few of them had as focus issues related to the assessment of language, as well as the variability of instruments used to investigate this domain. Conclusions: The effects of low weight for gestation age in full-term infants continue beyond the neonatal period and may impact on children's performance, mainly with regard to oral language development.

Resumo Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática para verificar a associação entre o nascimento a termo de crianças pequenas para a idade gestacional (PIG) e os desfechos no desenvolvimento da linguagem oral. Fontes de dados: Artigos dos bancos de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, SciELO e Cochrane Library foram identificados, selecionados e avaliados criticamente por dois revisores independentes e um juiz, às cegas, sem restrições de idioma e período de publicação. A ferramenta PRISMA foi utilizada e foram incluídos estudos originais envolvendo crianças nascidas a termo e PIG, desfechos relacionados a aspectos do desenvolvimento da linguagem oral, bem como o uso de testes, escalas e/ou questionários específicos para a investigação, cuja metodologia estava descrita na íntegra, com crianças como população-alvo. Síntese dos dados: Nove artigos foram incluídos a partir dos critérios de elegibilidade. Os estudos demonstraram que nascer PIG pode interferir em aspectos relacionados à linguagem e relataram que as chances de crianças PIG apresentarem um desempenho inferior são maiores quando comparadas as com tamanho adequado para a idade gestacional. Observou-se que os diferentes estudos não tinham um delineamento uniforme e seus objetivos eram bastante diversificados. Além disso, poucos focavam em questões relacionadas à avaliação da linguagem e foi possível notar uma variabilidade de instrumentos utilizados para investigar esse domínio. Conclusões: Os efeitos do baixo peso ao nascer em nascidos a termo persistem além do período neonatal e podem ter impacto no desempenho infantil, principalmente no que se refere ao desenvolvimento da linguagem oral.

Processos fonológicos produtivos em escolares nascidos a termo e pequenos para a idade gestacional: estudo caso-controle / Phonological productive processes in full-term schoolchildren and small for gestational age: a case-control study

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o uso de processos fonológicos produtivos no grupo de crianças nascidas a termo e pequenas para a idade gestacional e compará-lo com crianças adequadas para a idade gestacional. Método Estudo observacional, analítico, do tipo caso-controle, não pareado, aninhado a uma coorte com o desfecho alteração fonológica. Foram avaliadas 36 crianças de acordo com o cálculo amostral pré-estabelecido, sendo 24(66,7%) sem alterações fonológicas e 12(33,3) com alteração fonológica. Dessas, 24(66,7%) crianças foram classificadas como pequeno para a idade gestacional (PIG) e 12(33%), como adequada para a idade gestacional (AIG). Os aspectos fonológicos da linguagem oral foram avaliados pelo teste de linguagem infantil ABFW (2004). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e a fim de avaliar a existência de associação entre as variáveis categóricas, foi utilizado o teste exato de Fisher de associação. Resultados O grupo PIG apresentou significativamente maior número de processos fonológicos que alteram a estrutura da sílaba quando comparado ao grupo AIG. Observou-se que os processos fonológicos presentes e não esperados para idade na população PIG foram: plosivação de fricativa, simplificação de líquidas, posteriorização e frontalização de palatal, ensurdecimento de plosivas e fricativas, além da simplificação do encontro consonantal e simplificação de consoante final, que foram os de maior ocorrência em ambos os grupos. Conclusão Embora não tenha sido encontrada associação entre alterações fonológicas e crianças PIG, observou-se maior uso de processos fonológicos produtivos neste grupo.

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize the use of phonological productive processes in a group of full-term children and small for gestational age and compare it with children appropriate for gestational age. Methods Observational, analytical, case-control and non-paired study, nested in a cohort with the outcome of phonological disorder. We assessed 36 children according to the predetermined sample calculation, 24 (66.7%) without phonological disorders and 12 (33.3%) with phonological disorders. Of these, 24 (66.7%) children were classified as small for gestational age (SGA) and 12 (33%) as appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Phonological aspects of oral language were assessed by the ABFW children's language test (2004). The results were subjected to descriptive analysis and, in order to assess the existence of an association among categorical variables, we used Fisher's exact test for association. Results The SGA group revealed a significantly higher number of phonological processes that change the syllable structure when compared to the AGA group. We noted that the phonological processes present and unexpected for age in the SGA population were: fricative plosivation, liquid simplification, palatal posteriorization and frontalization, plosive and fricative deafening, in addition to simplifying the consonant cluster and simplifying the final consonant, which were the most frequent in both groups. Conclusion Although no association was found between phonological disorders and SGA children, we have noted a greater use of productive phonological processes in this group.

Impasses na aprendizagem e inibição intelectual / Impasses dans l'apprentissage et inhibition intellectuelle / Impasses in learning and intellectual inhibition

O presente artigo descreve os resultados de uma pesquisa-intervenção de orientação psicanalítica por meio do relato de um estudo de caso de um aluno do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública da rede estadual de ensino da cidade de Itabira-MG. O estudante enfrenta vários entraves na aprendizagem que dificultam sua alfabetização e seu processo de letramento. O caso visa demonstrar a contribuição de um dos instrumentos utilizados nessa pesquisa que é o diagnóstico clínico-pedagógico (DCP), cuja intervenção realiza a leitura daquilo que o menino ensinaao educador sobre sua subjetividade e a forma como suas particularidades podem interferir na relação com o saber. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa permitiram perceber como a angústia de castração, os temores infantis e as fobias podem se constituir no fenômeno da inibição intelectual e comprometer toda a trajetória escolar do aluno.

Impasses dans l'apprentissage et inhibition intellectuelle: Cet article décrit les résultats d'une recherche-intervention psychanalytique à travers le rapport d'une étude de cas d'un élève dans la primaire d'une école publique de la ville d'Itabira-MG. L'élève fait face à plusieurs obstacles dans l'apprentissage qui entravent son processus d'alphabétisation. L'étude de cas vise à démontrer l'apport d'un méthode d'investigation utilisé dans cette recherche, qui est le diagnostic clinico-pédagogique (DCP), dont l'idée est d'apprendre avec le garçon ce qu'il enseigne à l'éducateur sur sadifficulté et compris les éléments de subjectivité que sont en tant d' interférer dans sa relation avec l'apprentissage. Les résultats obtenus dans la recherche ont permis de percevoir comment l'angoisse de castration, les peurs infantiles et les phobies peuvent être à l'origine de l'inhibition intellectuelle, en compromettant toute la trajectoire scolaire de l'élève.

mpasses in learning and intellectual inhibition: This article describes the results of a psychoanalytic-oriented research-intervention through the report of a case study of an elementary school student at a public school in the state school in the city of Itabira-MG. The student faces several obstacles in learning, which hinder his literacy and his literacy process. The aim is to demonstrate the contribution of one of the instruments used in this research, which is the clinical-pedagogical diagnosis (CDP). It's intervention reads what the boy teaches the educator about his subjectivity and how his particularities can interfere in the relationship with knowledge. The results obtained by the research allowed us to perceive how castration anxiety, infantile fears and phobias can constitute the phenomenon of intellectual inhibition and compromise the student's entire school journey.

Intergrowth versus fenton: há diferença no diagnóstico de retardo de crescimento extrauterino em prematuros durante internamento hospitalar? / Intergrowth versus fenton: is there a difference in the diagnosis of extrauterine growth retardation in preterm infants during hospitalization

Introdução: alterações no padrão de crescimento de recém-nascidos prematuros podem ter implicações para sua saúde futura. A literatura dispõe de diversas ferramentas e pontos de corte para avaliação da sua adequação, logo, diferentes diagnósticos podem ser obtidos a depender do parâmetro adotado. Objetivo: determinar a diferença no diagnóstico de Retardo de Crescimento Extrauterino em prematuros, durante internamento hospitalar, conforme as curvas de Fenton e Intergrowth. Metodologia: trata-se de estudo transversal, com dados secundários, coletados durante o internamento em unidade de terapia intensiva e de cuidados intermediários convencionais neonatais de uma maternidade pública, em 2019, Coletaram-se medidas de peso e perímetro cefálico ao nascer e no momento da alta/transferência e calcularam-se seus respectivos indicadores antropométricos de acordo com as duas curvas. Utilizaramse duas classificações para o Retardo: diagnóstico de Pequeno para Idade Gestacional na alta/transferência; queda no escore Z dos indicadores maior ou igual a 1 entre o nascimento e a alta/transferência. Resultados: Não houve diferença em relação ao número de crianças classificadas como Pequeno para Idade Gestacional ao nascer, entre as curvas. Porém, no momento da alta/transferência houve maior prevalência de Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional/Retardo de Crescimento Extrauterino, de acordo com Fenton (73,6% versus 64,9%). A análise longitudinal dos indicadores de crescimento para caracterização do referido retardo por meio da curva de Fenton também detectou maior número de diagnósticos. Conclusão: conclui-se que o diagnóstico do retardo apresentou diferenças entre os referenciais. Os parâmetros de Fenton determinaram maior ocorrência dele no momento do desfecho, independente da realização da avaliação transversal ou longitudinal dos indicadores.

Introduction: changes in growth pattern of preterm infants may have implications for their future health. Literature has several tools and cutoff points to assess its adequacy, therefore, different diagnosis may be obtained depending on the adopted parameter. Objective: determine the difference in diagnosis of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) in preterm infants during hospitalization based on Fenton 2013) and Intergrowth-21 (2014) curves. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study with secondary data which were collected during hospitalization in an intensive care unit and neonatal conventional intermediate care in a public maternity hospital, in 2019. Results: weight and head circumference measurements were collected at birth and at discharge/transfer and their respective anthropometric indicators were calculated according to Fenton and Intergrowth-21 curves. The following EUGR criteria were used: diagnosis of small for gestational age (SGA) at discharge/transfer; decrease in Z score for indicators higher or equal to 1 between birth and discharge/transfer. There was no difference in the number of children classified as SGA at birth between the curves. However, at the time of discharge/ transfer there was a higher prevalence of SGA/EUGR according to Fenton (73.6% versus 64.9%). Longitudinal analysis of growth indicators for EUGR using Fenton curve also detected a higher number of patients with EUGR. Conclusion: the conclusion is that EUGR diagnosis showed differences between Fenton and Intergrowth methods. Fenton's parameters determined a higher occurrence of EUGR at the time of outcome, regardless of whether indicators were cross-sectionally or longitudinally evaluated.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and newborns in two maternity hospitals in Salvador-Bahia, Brazil

ABSTRACT The outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread globally. As of June 18, 2020, a high maternal mortality rate due to SARS-CoV-2 infections was identified in Brazil, representing most of the world cases at that time. An observational, cross-sectional study was performed with pregnant women admitted in two maternity hospitals located in Salvador/Bahia and their newborns, from May 24th up to July 17th of 2020. Among 329 pregnant women enrolled at hospital admission, a high prevalence (n=28; 8.5%) of pregnant women with COVID-19 was observed, as well as a high proportion of asymptomatic cases (n=19; 67.9%). Two newborns had detectable SARS-CoV-2 but evolved without abnormalities. This data highlight the importance of identifying pregnant women with COVID-19 for proper isolation measures to prevent in-hospital transmission.

Mais uma vez, o soberano!: leitura psicanalítica da teoria do estado de exceção / À nouveau, le souverain!: lecture psychanalytique de la théorie de l'état d'exception / Once again, the sovereign!: psychoanalytic reading of the state of exception theory

Giorgio Agamben identifica uma recusa do direito em reconhecer uma esfera da ação humana em si extrajurídica. Visando ultrapassar essa barreira, ele eleva uma frase de Schmitt à dignidade de um matema: "Soberano é quem decide sobre o estado de exceção". Matema que articula três elementos indissociáveis: soberania, decisão e estado de exceção. A montagem de sua teoria sobre o estado de exceção se estrutura na articulação entre três elementos fundamentais, os quais definirão o percurso da nossa discussão: primeiro, ele investiga a interseção entre o político e o jurídico; em seguida, questiona a interseção entre o direito e o vivente; e, finalmente, examina a inclusão da vida na política, o que o permite refletir sobre o que significa agir politicamente. Política, direito e vida. Três elos que se enodam a partir do pathos da soberania na civilização moderna. Como ajustar essa amarração borromeana à subjetividade de nossa época

Giorgio Agamben identifie un refus du droit de reconnaître une sphère d'action humaine en soi extra-légale. Pour surmonter cette barrière, il élève une phrase de Schmitt à la dignité de mathème: "Le souverain est celui qui décide de l'état d'exception". Mathème qui articule trois éléments inséparables: la souveraineté, la décision et l'état d'exception. L'assemblage de sa théorie de l'état d'exception est structuré dans l'articulation entre trois éléments fondamentaux, qui définiront le cours de notre discussion: d'abord, il investigue l'intersection entre le politique et le juridique; ensuite, il interroge l'intersection entre la loi et le vivant; et enfin, il examine l'inclusion de la vie dans la politique, ce qui lui permet de réfléchir à ce que signifie agir politiquement. Politique, droit et vie. Trois liens qui sont liés au pathos de la souveraineté dans la civilisation moderne. Comment ajuster ce noeud borroméen à la subjectivité de notre temps

Giorgio Agamben identifies a refusal of the law to recognize a sphere of human action that is in itself extra-legal. Aiming to overcome this barrier, he raises a sentence by Schmitt to the dignity of a matheme: "The sovereign is the one who decides on the exception state".This matheme articulates three inseparable elements: sovereignty, decision and exception state. This theory about the exception state is structured around the articulation between three fundamental elements, which will define the course of our discussion: first, he investigates the intersection between the political and the legal; then, he questions the intersection between the law and the living; and finally, he examines the inclusion of life in politics, which allows him to reflect on what it means to act politically. Politics, law and life. Three links that tie themselves from the pathos of sovereignty in modern civilization. How to adjust this Borromean knotting to the subjectivity of our time

Uma Conversação com os melhores alunos: do sintoma como funcionamento ao mais além da segregação / A Conversation with the best students: from the symptom as a way to function to something beyond segregation / Une conversation avec les meilleurs élèves: du symptôme comme mode de fonctionnement à un au - delà de la ségrégation

Este artigo apresenta experiência de pesquisa/intervenção realizada com alunos da rede pública por meio da metodologia da Conversação de Orientação Psicanalítica. Encontramos os "melhores" alunos de uma escola e os ruídos em torno dessa nomeação.Por meio desse resto,desse ruído que retorna,atrapalhando o processo de aprendizagem e de convivência,verificamos efeitos de segregação que mantinham os alunos em uma guerra interna.Partimos então da leitura do sintoma como modo de funcionamento na escola e recolhemos os efeitos plurais de segregação que podem produzir destinos mortíferos,com o objetivo de ultrapassar a sensação de generalizada impotência diante do que não funciona.O objetivo é escutar o sintoma para então operar a partir dele

This article presents an experience of research-intervention carried out with public school students through the Psychoanalytical Orientation Conversation methodology. We found the "best" students at a school and the noises in the school community surrounding such an appointment. Through this remain, this noise that returns, disrupting the learning and the coexistence process,we verified segregation effects that kept the students in an internal war. We begin from reading the symptom as a way of functioning in school and collect the plural effects of segregation that can produce deadly fates, in order to overcome the feeling of generalized impotence in the face of what is dysfunctional. The purpose is to listen to the symptom and then operate from it

Cet article présente une expérience de recherche-intervention menée auprès d'élèves des écoles publiques à travers la méthodologie "Conversation d'Orientation Psychanalytique". Nous avons rencontré les «meilleurs¼ élèves d'une école et les bruits entourant cette nomination. À travers de l'analyse de ce bruit, ce reste qui revient, perturbant le processus d'apprentissage et de coexistence, nous avons vérifié les effets de ségrégation qui maintenaient les élèves dans une guerre interne. Nous partons d'une lecture du symptôme comme un mode de fonctionnement à l'école et nous recueillons les effets divers de la ségrégation qui peuvent produire des destins mortels ,dans le but de surmonter le sentiment d'impuissance généralisée face à ce qui est dysfonctionnel. Le but est d'écouter le symptôme pour opérer à partir de lui

Os adolescentes, as escolas e os impasses: um recorte da clínica no Janela da Escuta / Adolescents, écoles et impasses: un extrait de la clinique dans le cadre du projet « Janela da Escuta ¼ (fenêtre d'écoute) / Adolescents, schools and impasses: a clipping from the clinic in project "Janela da Escuta"

Trata-se de um estudo sobre a construção interdisciplinar de casos clínicos de adolescentes atendidos no Janela da Escuta, projeto de extensão da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), encaminhados com queixas escolares. Pretendeu-se verificar os impasses gerados pelas demandas de encaminhamento dos adolescentes da escola para a saúde, o papel do atendimento a essas demandas e a postura dos adolescentes diante da experiência, fazendo um recorte da clínica do Janela da Escuta a partir da análise de dois casos. A metodologia utilizada no projeto se baseia na construção do caso clínico pela equipe interdisciplinar, além das conversações de orientação psicanalítica com os profissionais das escolas. Ao final, constatou-se a necessidade e a importância de se ofertar a esses adolescentes um espaço de escuta de suas verdadeiras demandas, onde, por meio do convite à fala, puderam se assumir como protagonistas de suas questões e se reposicionar frente à situação em que se encontravam, tornando possível o aparecimento de sua singularidade

Il s'agit d'une étude sur la construction interdisciplinaire de cas cliniques d'adolescents avec des problèmes scolaires reçus à Janela da Escuta, un projet d'extension de la Faculté de médecine de l'Université fédérale de Minas Gerais (UFMG). L'objectif de cette étude était de vérifier les impasses générées par les demandes d' envoi des adolescents de l'école aux services de santé, le rôle de celui-ci face à ces exigences et l'attitude des adolescents dans cette situation, en présentant un extrait de la clinique de Janela da Escuta en partant de l'analyse de deux cas. La méthode utilisée dans Janela da Escuta est basée sur la construction du cas clinique par l'équipe interdisciplinaire, et dans les conversations d'orientation psychanalytique avec les professionnels de l'école. En fin de compte, la nécessité et l'importance d'offrir à ces adolescents un espace pour écouter leurs vraies demandes, ont été vérifiées. L' invitation à parler leur permet de assumer le rôle principal dans la résolution de leurs questions et de changer de position face à la situation dans laquelle ils sont, rendant possible l'apparition de leur singularité

This is a study on the interdisciplinary construction of clinical cases of adolescents referred with school complaints seen at Janela da Escuta, an extension project of the Medical school of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). Its purpose is to verify the impasses generated by the demands of referral of adolescents from school to the health services, the role of the project in facing these demands and the attitude of adolescents in this situation, by presenting an excerpt out of the Clinic of Janela da Escuta from the analysis of two cases. The methodology used in janela da Escuta is based on the construction of the clinical case by the interdisciplinary team, in addition to the psychoanalytic orientation conversations with the professionals of the schools. In the end, the need and importance of offering these adolescents a space to listen to their true demands was verified, and in this space, through the invitation to speak, they could assume themselves as protagonists of their questions and reposition themselves in the face of the situation in whichthey were, enabling the appearance of their singularity