Scavenging by threatened turtles regulates freshwater ecosystem health during fish kills.

Humans are increasing the frequency of fish kills by degrading freshwater ecosystems. Simultaneously, scavengers like freshwater turtles are declining globally, including in the Australian Murray-Darling Basin. Reduced scavenging may cause water quality problems impacting both ecosystems and humans. We used field and mesocosm experiments to test whether scavenging by turtles regulates water quality during simulated fish kills. In the field, we found that turtles were important scavengers of fish carrion. In mesocosms, turtles rapidly consumed carrion, and water quality in mesocosms with turtles returned to pre-fish kill levels faster than in turtle-free controls. Our experiments have important ecological implications, as they suggest that turtles are critical scavengers that regulate water quality in freshwater ecosystems. Recovery of turtle populations may be necessary to avoid the worsening of ecosystem health, particularly after fish kills, which would have devastating consequences for many freshwater species.

Quiste Folicular Inflamatorio: Revisión Bibliográfica y Reporte de Tres Casos Clínicos

El quiste folicular se ubica según la clasificación de la OMS como un quiste inflamatorio, siendo una patología poco frecuente. Se presenta en los niños entre los 5 a 12 años, es más frecuente en hombres y la zona anatómica más afectada es la región mandibular correspondiente a los premolares. La etiología, es inflamatoria ya que existe una progresión del proceso inflamatorio de los molares temporales tratados endodónticamente hacia el folículo del premolar. El tratamiento de ésta patología varía desde la extracción del diente temporal hasta un tratamiento más invasivo como la enucleación del quiste. La selección del tratamiento depende de diferentes factores como la edad del paciente, tamaño de la lesión, compromiso de estructuras adyacentes, ubicación del diente retenido etc. Generalmente el pronóstico es bueno. Se presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre el quiste folicular inflamatorio, y tres casos pediátricos. Se revisarán las características clínicas, imagenológicas, posibles diagnósticos diferenciales y el tratamiento.

The follicular cyst was classified by the OMS in 1992 as an inflammatory cyst. The prevalence is poor and may be encountered in patients between 5 and 12 years old. There is a male predilection and a higher prevalence in the mandibular premolars The pathogenesis is a result of the progression from a periapical inflammation from an overlying primary tooth that has been pulpotomized to the premolar follicle. The treatment for the follicular cyst varies from the extraction of the primary tooth to enucleation of the cyst. The selection of the treatment depends on the age of the patient, extension of the cyst, the compromise of the adjacent structures, location of the impacted tooth etc. Generally the prognosis is excellent. A review of the literature about the follicular cyst and three pediatric cases will be presented. The clinical and radiographic features, differential diagnosis and treatment will be discussed.