RESUMO
Antibodies to the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) were found in 17.6% of 233 hepatitis B virus surface antigen-positive subjects in Cameroon. Phylogenetic analyses showed the presence of HDV-1, HDV-5, HDV-6, and HDV-7 genotypes. These results enrich the limited data on HDV prevalence and molecular diversity in Cameroon.
Assuntos
Hepatite D/epidemiologia , Hepatite D/virologia , Vírus Delta da Hepatite/classificação , Vírus Delta da Hepatite/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Camarões/epidemiologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Feminino , Genótipo , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Hepatite B/complicações , Vírus Delta da Hepatite/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético , RNA Viral/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Data were examined from a day-to-day clinical practice in Yaounde, Cameroon to evaluate the efficacy and safety of peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in treatment-naive Cameroonian patients with chronic hepatitis C. Ninety adults with chronic hepatitis C (mean age, 53 +/- 8 years; 79% males; 37.8% genotype 1; 23.3% genotype 2; and 38.9% genotype 4) were given at least 12 weeks of combination therapy between February 2003 and August 2007. Of these, 54 completed the treatment and the 24-week follow up. Subsequently, 18 continued treatment and 18 (20%) discontinued the treatment, 6 (6.7%) due to adverse effects. An intention-to-treat analysis showed that 38 (52.8%) had an end-of-treatment virologic response and 34 (47.2%) had a sustained virologic response. Sustained virologic response were significantly higher among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2 (83.4%) than in those with genotype 1 (31%) or genotype 4 (42.3%) (P < 0.05). Non HCV-2 genotype, pretreatment fibrosis score >2, HCV RNA level >8.0 x 10(5) IU/ml and a non-virologic response at 12 weeks of treatment were associated with poor sustained virologic response (P < 0.05). Thus, HCV can be treated in a Sub-Saharan African country. It indicates that Cameroonian HCV-1 and -4 patients have a poorer sustained virologic response than the published results for Western and Middle-East countries. Virus subtype may influence the treatment outcome, since there is a great genetic diversity within Cameroonian HCV-1 and -4 genotypes.
Assuntos
Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Interferon-alfa/efeitos adversos , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Polietilenoglicóis/efeitos adversos , Polietilenoglicóis/uso terapêutico , Ribavirina/efeitos adversos , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Camarões , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Genótipo , Hepacivirus/classificação , Hepacivirus/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Interferon alfa-2 , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Recombinantes , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga ViralRESUMO
Hepatitis C virus infects humans world-wide. The virus genome varies greatly and it has several genotypes. HCV infection is highly prevalent in Central Africa and Cameroon. Initial studies on the genetic variability of HCV showed infection with HCV genotypes 1, 2, and 4. We have now sequenced the NS5b and E2 regions of 156 HCV isolates collected from patients presenting for diagnosis in Yaounde and used the data to describe the distribution of HCV genotypes and subtypes in patients with hepatitis in Cameroon. Genotype 1 was more frequent than Genotypes 4 and 2. Genotypes 1 and 4 were highly heterogeneous, containing many subtypes described previously (1b, 1c, 1e, 1h, 1l, 4f, 4t, 4p, 4k) and unsubtyped groups. There was a systematic phylogenetic concordance between NS5b and E2 sequence clustering. The Genotype 2 sequences did not vary. Neither subject age nor gender influenced HCV distribution. HCV Genotypes 1 and 4 are very heterogeneous in Cameroon, perhaps due to ancient infections. The homogeneity of HCV Genotype 2 indicates its more recent introduction from western Africa.