Phenotype of Urine Sediment Cells in Patients with Bladder Cancer.

Phenotype of urine sediment cells were studied in patients with bladder cancer depending on the cancer stage and recurrence prognosis. In T1N0M0 stage, the number of lymphocytes decreased, in T2N0M0 stage, the most pronounced shift was an increase in the number of erythrocytes. Irrespectively of the disease stage, we observed increased number of innate immunity cells and cells that inhibit antitumor immunity in the composition of the leukocyte fraction of urine sediment cells. At T1N0M0 stage, the epithelial-endothelial fraction was characterized by increased content of cells expressing CD13 marker (responsible for tumor growth and metastasis) and reduced number of cells expressing CD15 marker (responsible for intercellular adhesion). In patients developing relapse of bladder cancer, the number of lymphocytes was decreased in urine sediment cells and the number of epithelial and endothelial cells expressing CD13 marker was increased.

The Sensory Structures of the Carapace of Male Tantulocarida (Crustacea) Are not Homologous to the Lattice Organs of Thecostraca.

Ultrastructural studies on the sensory apparatus of male Tantulocarida (Crustacea) have been conducted for the first time. Comparative morphological analysis with the specialized sensory structures of Thecostraca, known as lattice organs, has allowed for conclusions about possible homologies and further clarification of the phylogenetic position of Tantulocarida.

RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF ONCOLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF ANTI-TUMOR TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID CANCER ON THE BASIS OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CATAMNESTIC DATA.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Identification of new, non-trivial knowledge on the prediction of thyroid recurrence on the basis of follow-up data from medical histories. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The development of long-term oncological effects was studied on the catamnestic data of 157 patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer who were treated according to a standard scheme, including radical surgery, radioiodine therapy and hormone therapy. RESULTS: Results: It is shown that the specificity of thyroglobulin as a cancer marker for thyroid cancer is not an unambiguous question and the probability of obtaining false-positive results on its basis is quite significant. It is shown that violation of the recommended terms for special treatment (surgical and radioiodine therapy) can be used as a factor in the prognosis of relapse, and patients who received special treatment with violation of the terms for various reasons require careful attention and more careful examination. The dose of thyroxine that should be used to achieve suppression can be used as a marker of thyroid relapse: an excess of thyroxine levels of 2.8 µg / kg is an indicator of the risk of relapse in the future. Statistically there was no significant effect on the prevention of long-term oncological complications by prolonging the duration of suppressive hormone therapy as a component of thyroid cancer treatment, but there are grounds to believe that prolonged suppression leads to increased cardiovascular and female genital complications. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: the use of modern information technologies in relation to the arrays of catamnestic data of medical histories allowed to obtain additional knowledge to prevent the development of distant oncological complications resulting from thyroid cancer.

Revision of Cerinomyces (Dacrymycetes, Basidiomycota) with notes on morphologically and historically related taxa.

Cerinomyces (Dacrymycetes, Basidiomycota) is a genus traditionally defined by corticioid basidiocarps, in contrast to the rest of the class, which is characterized by gelatinous ones. In the traditional circumscription the genus is polyphyletic, and the monotypic family Cerinomycetaceae is paraphyletic. Aiming for a more concise delimitation, we revise Cerinomyces s.l. with a novel phylogeny based on sequences of nrDNA (SSU, ITS, LSU) and protein-coding genes (RPB1, RPB2, TEF1-α). We establish that monophyletic Cerinomyces s.s. is best characterized not by the corticioid morphology, but by a combination of traits: hyphal clamps, predominantly aseptate thin-walled basidiospores, and low content of carotenoid pigments. In our updated definition, Cerinomyces s.s. encompasses five well-supported phylogenetic clades divided into two morphological groups: (i-iii) taxa with arid corticioid basidiocarps, including the generic type C. pallidus; and (iv-v) newly introduced members with gelatinous basidiocarps, like Dacrymyces enatus and D. tortus. The remaining corticioid species of Cerinomyces s.l. are morphologically distinct and belong to the Dacrymycetaceae: our analysis places the carotenoid-rich Cerinomyces canadensis close to Femsjonia, and we transfer the clamps-lacking C. grandinioides group to Dacrymyces. In addition, we address genera related to Cerinomyces s.l. historically and morphologically, such as Ceracea, Dacryonaema and Unilacryma. Overall, we describe twenty-four new species and propose nine new combinations in both Cerinomycetaceae and Dacrymycetaceae.

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MicroRNAs epigenetically regulate physiological and pathological processes. Previously, we found that miR-204-5p is expressed at low levels in melanoma cells, and an increase in its level leads to a change in proliferation, migration, and invasion of these cancer cells. Now, using bioinformatics analysis, it has been shown that the target of miR-204-5p is FOXC1 transcription factor, which is implicated in carcinogenesis. Using the luciferase reporter assay, it was found that miR-204-5p suppresses expression of the FOXC1 gene by binding to its 3' non-coding region. Transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting FOXC1 into melanoma cells caused a decrease in miR-204-5p levels, which is consistent with the generally accepted concept of feedback regulation of miRNA expression by target genes. According to the results of the MTT test and fluorescence microscopy, the proliferation level of melanoma cells under the influence of siRNA to FOXC1 decreased 72 h after transfection. Changes in the ratio of cells by cell cycle phase were analyzed using flow cytometry. Regulatory relationships between FOXC1 and miR-204-5p, and an inhibitory effect of FOXC1 knockdown on melanoma cell proliferation were revealed. Based on the results, it can be assumed that miR-204-5p regulates proliferation of melanoma cells by affecting FOXC1 expression.

Changes in the Subpopulation Composition and Phagocytic Activity of Monocytes in Patients with Kidney Cancer under the Influence of Metabolites In Vitro.

We studied changes in the subpopulation composition and phagocytic activity of monocytes in patients with kidney cancer under the influence of metabolites of the tumor microenvironment in vitro (lactate, ADP, and glutamate). Incubation with metabolites caused similar shifts in the monocyte subsets in kidney cancer patients (an increase in the relative content of classical CD14++CD16- monocytes and a decrease in the content of the fraction of intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocytes), but different changes in their phagocytic activity. The regulatory effect of metabolites on cells is realized by various mechanisms: receptor, metabolic, and epigenomic. The reactions of monocytes to metabolites in vitro confirm the existence of a distant metabolic effect of the tumor on blood cells that should be taken into account when developing new immunotherapeutic methods.

[Functional activity of blood neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with opisthorchiasis, depending on the severity of liver fibrosis].

AIM: To study the activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with opisthorchiasis, depending on the severity of liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 74 patients with chronic opisthorchiasis (39 men and 35 women, average age 42.3 years) and 32 practically healthy patients (17 men and 15 women, average age 41.5 years) aged 24 to 60 years were examined. Diagnosis of opisthorchiasis was carried out by two methods: coprooscopy and identification of eggs or bodies of adult parasites in duodenal content. Liver fibrosis was determined by the method of elastometry according to the METAVIR scale in all 74 patients with opisthorchiasis. The study of the functional activity of neutrophils in the blood was performed to all 74 patients with opisthorchiasis and 32 healthy individuals from the control group by chemiluminescent analysis with measurement of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production intensity in a spontaneous and zymosan-induced reaction in lucigenin and luminol-dependent processes. RESULTS: Liver fibrosis F2 by METAVIR was registered in 20.3% of the examined individuals, liver fibrosis F3F4 by METAVIR was detected in 17.6% of patients with opisthorchiasis. In patients with opisthorchiasis with liver fibrosis F3F4 by METAVIR, a significant decrease in the functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes was registered in comparison with individuals with liver fibrosis F0F1 by METAVIR, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the maximum intensity of ROS production (Imax) and the area under the curve (S) chemiluminescence in lucigenin and luminol-dependent processes both in the spontaneous and zymosan-induced reaction. CONCLUSION: These results provide new information to explain the mechanisms of liver fibrosis in patients opisthorchiasis and create opportunities for the development of diagnostics and preventive technologies.

Chemiluminescent Analysis of Reactive Oxygen Species Synthesis by Platelets from Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.

A novel chemiluminescent method was developed to evaluate ROS generation by platelets. This method allows measuring activities of NADPH oxidase (NOX2) and enzymes synthesizing secondary ROS (superoxide dismutase, catalase, etc.) in resting and ADP-activated platelets (inductor of platelet aggregation and ROS generation) using a small number of cells. The method was tested in the examination of patients with coronary heart disease. It was found that platelets from patients with coronary heart disease were characterized by NOX2 activation, while cell metabolism is tuned for a long-term intensive production of superoxide anion radical. The enzymes synthesizing secondary ROS were also activated, but cell metabolism could not maintain their enhanced activity for a long time.

The Spatial Metabolic Heterogeneity of Solid Type of Enrlich Carcinoma.

In this work, we investigated the NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase activity in different fields of the solid form of Ehrlich carcinoma. It was shown that there is a metabolic distinction between different fields of the solid tumor. In this way, there is a significant difference between the ascites and solid type of Ehrlich carcinoma. In the central area of the tested sample of tumor tissue, there is a high intensity of energetic metabolism and biosynthetic processes as opposed to the peripheral areas. Previously, we proposed the concept of nonspecific metabolic reaction of the cell in organism upon the influence of negative factors. In accordance with this concept, our results indicate the development of adaptation in the tumor cells in the central area of the tested sample.

[Method of preventing late hemorrhagic complications after surgical treatment of secondary neovascular glaucoma]. / Metod profilaktiki pozdnikh gemorragicheskikh oslozhnenii posle khirurgicheskogo lecheniia vtorichnoi neovaskuliarnoi glaukomy.

The existing methods of surgical treatment of secondary neovascular glaucoma (NVG) in 50-55% of cases are accompanied by hemorrhagic complications, which lead to persistent increase of intraocular pressure (IOP), complete loss of vision and even eye death. Decreasing the risks of hemorrhagic complications after surgical treatment of secondary NVG is one of topical problems of ophthalmology. PURPOSE: To study the effectiveness of a new method of preventing late hemorrhagic complications of surgical treatment of secondary NVG after central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 148 patients (150 eyes) with secondary NVG after CRVO. The patients were divided into two groups: 98 patients (100 eyes) of the 1st group underwent sinustrabeculectomy with cyclovitrectomy and traditional surgery preparation and post-op treatment; the second group consisted of 50 patients (50 eyes) who received surgical treatment in combination with interferon therapy. All patients were observed for 1.5 years with necessary ophthalmic examination methods. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up, the second group showed statistically significant (p<0.01) reduction in the rates of hemorrhagic complications by 80%, progression of neovascularization of the iris and structures of the angle of anterior chamber of the eye by 50%, progression of neovascularization of the retina accompanied by the development of fibrosis of posterior hyaloid membrane by 37%. Reduction of the rate of complications positively affected the functional and tonometric results leading to improved visual acuity and preservation or even widening of the field of vision by 118%, as well as 60% improvement of tonometric results. CONCLUSION: The newly developed method of preventing post-surgical complications allowed significant reduction of the risks of hemorrhagic complications and improvement of functional and tonometric results of surgical treatment of patients with secondary NVG after CRVO.

[Possible Genetic Predictors of Cardiovascular Complications After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery].

PURPOSE: to investigate associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2046934, rs1126643, rs5918, rs6065, rs4244285; rs4986893 with cardiovascular complications (CVC) in patients after CABG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled in this study 130 patients with stable functional class II-IV angina. After CABG 69 patients received ASA (100 mg of enteric form), 61 patients received dual antiplatelet therapy (ASA 100 mg + clopidogrel 75 mg). Mean follow up period was 10.9±5.2 months. The primary composite endpoint included all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemic stroke. The control group comprised 185 healthy volunteers. Platelet function was assessed using light transmission aggregometry with ADP (5µM) and arachidonic acid (1 mM). The following single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified by real-time PCR: rs2046934 (H1/H2) on P2RY12 [encoding platelet ADP receptor] (n=100); rs1126643 (C807T, Phe224Phe) on ITGA2 [encoding collagen receptor] (n=87); rs5918 (176T>C, Leu33Pro) on ITGB3 [encoding fibrinogen receptor) (n=91); rs6065 (Thr145Met) on GP1BA [encoding platelet receptor for Von Willebrand factor] (n=114); rs4244285 (*2) (n=84), and rs4986893 (*3) (n=83) on СYP2C19 [encoding cytochrome P450 activity]. RESULTS: The prevalence of rs5918, rs6065, rs4244285, rs4986893, rs2046934 did not differ significantly between patients and healthy volunteers. The mutant allele (T) of ITGA2 was detected more often in healthy volunteers: 67.2 % vs 51.7 % (р=0.021). Before and after CABG there was no significant difference in platelet aggregation between carries and non-carries of the mutant ITGA2 allele. Number of CVCs registered during follow-up was 12: 3 strokes, 6 MIs, 3 deaths. Patients with composite mutant alleles of ITGB3+СYP2C19*2 or СYP2C19*2+ITGA2, and with the mutant allele (*2) of СYP2C19 met end points more often than patients with other gene combinations (wild type homozygotes, presence of one mutant allele of ITGB3 or ITGA2, the composite of mutant alleles of ITGB3+ITGA2 or ITGB3+ITGA2+ СYP2C19*2) (hazard ratio 4.0, 95 % confidence interval 2,19-7.29, р=0.008). Carriers of ITGB3 mutant allele showed higher AA-induced platelet reactivity on the 1st-3rd day after CABG. Amplitude of platelet aggregation in carriers of mutant allele was 27.5 % vs 12.7 % in wild type (p=0.016). No differences in platelet reactivity among carriers of other mentioned mutant alleles and wild types were observed. CONCLUSION: Carriage of the combination of mutant alleles ITGB3+СYP2C19*2 or СYP2C19*2+ITGA2 or СYP2C19*2 is possible predictor of CVC in patients after CABG.

[CERVICAL CANCER REHABILITATION: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY].

Aim - to evaluate the rehabilitation program impact on the quality of life of оncogynecological patients and to introduce this approach in clinical practice. The study included93 reproductive-aged women, who underwent the cervical cancer treatment. Patients were divided into two groups: the experimental group, which received rehabilitation, and the control group. The thrombotic complications risk, lymphatic system condition, cognitive functions and anxiety level were assessed in all patients using special questionnaires, physical examination, and laboratory assessment. The lower limbs lymphedema was observed in 19.1% of cases in the control group and in 2.1% in the experimental group (p <0.05). According to the Moka test data, cognitive impairment level at the end of the study was 24.02 (17-30, CI: = 22.5-25.54) in the control group and 26.85 (19-30, CI: = 26.0 - 27.64) in the experimental group (p <0.05). The cognitive impairment subjective signs were significantly higher in the control group (p <0.05) as well. The anxiety level at the end of the study was 7.022 (1-19, CI: = 5.91-8.13) in the experimental group and 11.02 (4-22, CI: = 9.83-12.22) in the control group (p <0.05). At the end of the study, the following depression levels were obtained: 12.43 (5 - 21; CI: = 11.23 - 13.64) and 7.69 (1 -14; CI: = 6.77 - 8.62) in the control and the experimental group respectively (p <0.05). At the end of the study, deep vein thrombosis was observed in 21 patients in the control group (44.7%) and 7 patients in the experimental group (15.22%) (p <0.05). One patient from the control group had PATE. According to EORTC QLQ-C30, the quality of life and socialization level was significantly higher in the experimental group, while fatigue level was lower. At the end of the study, 36.2% and 76.0% of patients in the control and the experimental group respectively were employed. The rehabilitation program improves the emotional and cognitive functioning, induced menopause associated somatic disorders, quality of life, and work capacity.

The metabolic changes in tumor-associated macrophages during cancer grow in mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.

In this work, we investigated the activity of the key NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases associated with macrophage tumors in mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. It was shown that cancer grow is associated with the development of conditions in macrophages leading to a decrease in the substrate flow intensity in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, deceleration of oxidative deamination of L-glutamate, NADP regeneration, and a decrease in the antioxidant defense efficiency. There results are consistent with our recent concept on the nonspecific metabolic reaction of cells to extreme exposures.

[Ultrastructural characteristics of gap junctions in human glial brain tumors]. / Ul'trastrukturnaya identifikatsiya shchelevykh kontaktov v glial'nykh opukholyakh golovnogo mozga cheloveka.

AIM: to conduct an electron microscopic study of intercellular communication in the samples of gemistocytic astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Surgically resected tumor tissue fragments were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution, afterfixed in 1% OsO4 solution, dehydrated, and embedded in epoxy resin. Ultrathin sections were examined using a Jem 1011 electron microscope (Jeol, Japan). RESULTS: Solitary and closely spaced gap junctions (GJs) formed by the thin processes that have the ultrastructure of an astroglial processes were identified in the astrocytoma samples. In this case, chemical synapses were noted to be completely absent in gemistocytic astrocytoma and glioblastoma. The identified GJs had a small length and deformed nexuses. The oligodendroglioma samples exhibited intact astroglial processes around the chemical synapses; however, interglial GJs were not found. CONCLUSION: The investigation showed the presence of intercellular GJs with some ultrastructural differences in the samples of low- and high-grade astroglial tumors. According to current data, astrocytomic GJs are able to create a stable self-sustaining network that promotes tumor progression and provides resistance to a therapeutic intervention. At the same time, the noticeable reduction in the number of GJs, which is most pronounced in the oligodendroglioma sample, can accelerate tumor cell migration into the surrounding parenchyma. The investigation of GJs should be, of course, continued using a group of a larger number of glial tumors to confirm the intercellular communication features revealed in this study.

[Connexin 43 expression in human brain glial tumors]. / Ékspressiia konneksina 43 v glial'nykh opukholiakh golovnogo mozga cheloveka.

AIM: Тo conduct an immunohistochemical (IHC) study of the expression of connexin 43 in the samples of glial tumors of various grades: gemistocytic astrocytomas (Grade 2), oligodendrogliomas (Grade 2) and glioblastomas (Grade 4). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material investigated was fragments of human brain glial tumors (grade 2 gemistocytic astrocytomas (n=2), grade 2 oligodendrogliomas (n=2), and grade 4 glioblastomas (n=14) and those of tumor-surrounding tissue (n=4). The material was fixed in 10% buffered formalin, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin according to the standard technique. IHC studies of the slices applied primary rabbit polyclonal antibodies against connexin 43 ('Spring Bioscience', USA) and the Dako EnVision + Peroxidase (DAB) visualization system ('Dako', Denmark). After the immunohistochemical reaction, the cell nuclei were stained with Mayer's hematoxylin. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed the changing pattern of connexin 43 expression as compared with intact tissue in the glial tumors. Instead of the fine-granular expression in the thin cellular processes in the neuropil, the tumors mainly displayed a coarse-grained cytoplasmic and even nuclear reaction. The morphology and localization of positive structures depended on the variant of an examined tumor. In addition, the most malignant brain gliomas generally exhibited a reduction in the expression of connexin 43, i.e. its quantity is inversely proportional to the degree of malignancy of the tumor. CONCLUSION: The low connexin 43 expression levels may reflect both a reduction in astroglial functional gap junctions and semicanals and a decrease in the amount of the protein itself that has independently antioncogenic properties. The observed cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of connexin 43 is most likely to be associated with the aberrant activity of a number of kinases, such as proto-oncogene tyrosine-kinase Src or protein kinase C (PKC).

[The alterations of indices of collagen-induced aggregation of thrombocytes in qualified sportsmen in the dynamics of annual macro-cycle.]

The physical load provokes reliable alterations in the blood coagulation system, specifically increasing of blood coagulability, including increasing of thrombus formation. However, the long-term alterations in the blood coagulation system in sportsmen are still unexplored. The article demonstrates that in sportsmen parameters за aggregation capacity of thrombocytes have significant long-term alterations during annual training competition macro-cycle. The maximal alterations have to do with value of lag-phase and area under the curve of aggregation of thrombocytes. The lag-phase no the curve of aggregation of thrombocytes under stimulation with collagen is significantly increased in termination of competition period; it decreases up to control values during resting time in transition period and significantly falls down below control group indices during preparatory period. The area under the curve of aggregation of thrombocytes under stimulation with collagen is reliably decreased as to control values at the termination of competition period. It exceeds the control level during transition period and it has no reliable differences against control values during preparatory period. The alterations of functional activities of thrombocytes significantly effect functioning of immune system that modulates course of processes of adaptation to sport activities in general.

Nanohybride Materials Based on Magnetite-Gold Nanoparticles for Diagnostics of Prostate Cancer: Synthesis and In Vitro Testing.

We synthesized a fluorescence conjugate and modified magnetite-gold nanoparticles carrying prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as the ligand. Analysis of their binding to human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 (PSMA-) and LNCaP (PSMA+) showed selective interaction of the synthesized conjugate and modified nanoparticles with LNCaP cells. These findings suggest that these nanoparticles can be used in tissue-specific magnetic-resonance imaging.

Antitumor effect of arabinogalactan and platinum complex.

The article presents the results of investigation of antitumor properties of platinum-arabinogalactan complex. We showed the ability of the complex to inhibit the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. It is found that the distribution of the platinum-arabinogalactan complex is not specific only for tumor cells in mice. The complex was found in all tissues and organs examined (ascites cells, embryonic cells, kidney, and liver). The mechanism of action of the arabinogalactan-platinum complex may be similar to cisplatin as the complex is able to accumulate in tumor cells.

[Platelet Metabolism in Clopidogrel Resistant and Sensitive Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease].

OBJECTIVE: to investigate relationship between activity of platelet nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) dependent dehydrogenases in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and their sensitivity to clopidogrel. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 51 male patients with chronic IHD before and after CABG. Control group comprised 35 healthy men. In IHD patients spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation was measured by aggregometry before CABG (in 2 weeks after cessation of antiplatelet drugs), after CABG during therapy with clopidogrel (75 mg/day), and in 6 months after surgery. Patients were classified as clopidogrel sensitive or resistant using cutoff of 50% inhibition of initial ADP (5 M) induced platelet aggregation after 2 weeks of treatment with clopidogrel. Activity of platelet NAD and NADP dependent dehydrogenases was measured by bioluminescent method. RESULTS: There were 41 clopidogrel sensitive and 10 clopidogrel resistant patients. Irrespective of sensitivity to clopidogrel platelet metabolism in IHD patients was characterized by reduced activity of anaerobic energetics, glutathione-dependent antioxidant system, reactions that transport products of lipid catabolism on glycolysis, and NADPH-dependent transfer of substrates from citric acid cycle to amino acid metabolism. Metabolic features of platelets characteristic of clopidogrel resistance were low activity of the key reaction of pentose phosphate cycle reflecting state of plastic metabolism, and substrate flow in the tricarbonic acid cycle - determinant of intensity of aerobic energy. Clopidogrel-sensitive patients had increased platelets NADP-malate dehydrogenase activity (the key reaction of lipid anabolism).

[Types of immune response in advanced suppurative peritonitis]. / Tipy immunnogo reagirovaniya pri rasprostranennom gnoinom peritonite (s kommentariem).

AIM: to assess types of immune response in patients with advanced suppurative peritonitis and course of disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 79 patients with acute surgical abdominal diseases and injuries complicated by advanced suppurative peritonitis. Blood immunological parameters were estimated using flowing cytometry and enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: It was concluded that functional parameters of immune system are very various in patients with advanced suppurative peritonitis. Cluster analysis defined 4 immune types which are determined by different state of congenital and acquired immunity. Immunodeficient and unreactive immune types are unfavorable. Immune types with activation of congenital and acquired immunity are the most favourable. This stratification personifies diagnosis and treatment of immune disorders in patients with advanced suppurative peritonitis.