RESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Fluoxetine (Prozac) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor currently used to treat depression and mood disorders. It has been widely studied clinically and preclinically, yet there is limited knowledge of its pharmacokinetics in nonhuman primates. METHODS: The present study characterized the pharmacokinetics of fluoxetine and its active metabolite norfluoxetine in rhesus macaques following both acute (1, 3, 5.6 and 10 mg/kg) and chronic doses (5.6 and 10 mg/kg/day) via different routes of administration (intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and oral). Blood samples were collected at multiple time points following administration and analyzed using mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Fluoxetine had a half-life of 11-16 h and norfluoxetine had a half-life of 21-29 h. Potentially functionally significant serum concentrations of norfluoxetine were present at 24 h even after a single administration of fluoxetine. Similar to observations in humans under steady state conditions, norfluoxetine accounted for the greater percentage of active drug in the blood stream. CONCLUSION: A daily dose of 10 mg/kg administered orally maintained serum concentrations in the human clinical range over the course of 6 weeks. Given the long half-lives of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine observed in this study, precautions should be taken when designing preclinical studies to prevent accumulation of drug serum concentrations.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/farmacocinética , Fluoxetina/farmacocinética , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/farmacocinética , Administração Oral , Animais , Antidepressivos/administração & dosagem , Antidepressivos/sangue , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Vias de Administração de Medicamentos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Feminino , Fluoxetina/administração & dosagem , Fluoxetina/análogos & derivados , Fluoxetina/sangue , Fluoxetina/farmacologia , Humanos , Injeções Subcutâneas , Macaca mulatta , Camundongos , Modelos Animais , Ratos , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/administração & dosagem , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/sangue , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/farmacologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Occupational medicine physicians frequently are presented with requests by employers to determine the work-relatedness of medical illnesses or injuries. Occasionally, this involves a sudden onset of acute epididymitis in the male employee after strenuous activity in the workplace. Because the vast majority of acute epididymitis cases have an underlying sexually transmitted disease component, this poses a real dilemma for the consulting physician. This article discusses the etiology and pathogenesis of acute epididymitis along with its epidemiologic significance and reviews workers' compensation and its possible legal interpretation when acute epididymitis occurs at the worksite.
Assuntos
Epididimite/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Epididimite/etiologia , Humanos , Remoção/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Prevalência , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/complicações , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Indenização aos TrabalhadoresRESUMO
We report a case of an inferior epigastric varix as another disease entity to be considered in the differential diagnoses of pelvic masses.