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1.
Med J Islam Repub Iran ; 38: 37, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38978800

RESUMO

Background: Measuring socioeconomic status (SES) as an independent variable is challenging, especially in epidemiological and social studies. This issue is more critical in large-scale studies on the national level. The present study aimed to extensively evaluate the validity and reliability of the Iranian SES questionnaire. Methods: This psychometric, cross-sectional study was conducted on 3000 households, selected via random cluster sampling from various areas in East Azerbaijan province and Tehran, Iran. Moreover, 250 students from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were selected as interviewers to collect data from 40 districts in Iran. The construct validity and internal consistency of the SES questionnaire were assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed in SPSS and AMOS. Results: The complete Iranian version of the SES questionnaire consists of 5 factors. The Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be 0.79, 0.94, 0.66, 0.69, and 0.48 for the occupation, self-evaluation of economic capacity, house and furniture, wealth, and health expenditure, respectively. In addition, the confirmatory factor analysis results indicated the data's compatibility with the 5-factor model (comparative fit index = 0.96; goodness of fit index = 0.95; incremental fit index = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation = 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, the confirmed validity and reliability of the tool indicated that the Iranian version of the SES questionnaire could be utilized with the same structure on an extensive level and could be applicable for measuring the SES in a broader range of populations.

2.
Phytother Res ; 35(7): 4000-4006, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33860587

RESUMO

The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global health crisis. Nevertheless, no antiviral treatment has yet been proven effective for treating COVID-19 and symptomatic supportive cares have been the most common treatment. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of propolis and Hyoscyamus niger L. extract in patients with COVID-19. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 50 cases referred to Akhavan and Sepehri Clinics, Kashan university of medical sciences, Iran. Subjects were divided into two groups (intervention and placebo). This syrup (containing 1.6 mg of methanolic extract along with 450 mg of propolis per 10 mL) was administered three times a day to each patient for 6 days. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 such as: dry cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, chest pain, fever, dizziness, headache, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were reduced with propolis plus Hyoscyamus niger L. extract than the placebo group. However, the administration of syrup was not effective in the control of nausea and vomiting. In conclusion, syrup containing propolis and Hyoscyamus niger L. extract had beneficial effects in ameliorating the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 disease, in comparison with placebo groups.


Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Hyoscyamus , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Própole , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Hyoscyamus/química , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino , Metanol , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Própole/uso terapêutico , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/virologia , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
Med J Islam Repub Iran ; 35: 62, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34277499

RESUMO

Background: Trauma is the first leading cause of death and disability in the active population in developing countries. In Iran, traumatic injuries are the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease and also the leading cause of years of life lost (YLL). Population-based surveys can estimate all types of injuries. This study aimed to estimate the annual incidence of nonfatal injuries in adults older than 15 years in Kashan. Methods: In a cross-sectional population-based study, people older than 15 years who were living in Kashan during 2018-2019 were studied. A cluster stratified sampling method was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software. Chi-square and t tests and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Significance level was set as P ≤.05 and confidence interval (CI) at 95%. Results: In this study, which included 3880 households residing in Kashan during 2018-2019, the incidence of all injuries was estimated to be 70.61(62.60-78.70) per 1000 people in 1 year. For traffic accidents, the incidence was estimated at 36.08 (30.20-42.00) per 1000 in 1 year. Also, 231 (77.7%) of people with trauma were male, 137 (50.0%) aged 20 to 39 years, and 191 (69.7) were married. The most common cause of injuries (n = 140; 51.1%) was related to traffic accidents, and among the traffic accidents, the highest cause was motorcycle accident (n = 99; 70.71%). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the highest rate of injuries occurred among men, younger ages, married, and those with primary education. Also, the results showed the most common causes of trauma were injured hand and foot and head, and the most common location in which trauma occurred was street. The findings of this study are important to better explain the epidemiology aspects of injuries in Kashan.

4.
Chin J Traumatol ; 23(6): 351-355, 2020 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33289632

RESUMO

PURPOSE: One of the consequences of trauma-related injuries is disability. There are more than one billion people with disabilities worldwide. Disability in people reduces their quality of life. The goal of this study was to determine the rate of post-trauma stress and disability related to trauma in the population over 15 years old in Kashan during a solar year of 2018-2019. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional population-based study. A cluster sampling method was used in the city of Kashan, and 3880 persons were interviewed with individuals randomly selected in each household. If a person had trauma during one year ago, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 and Post Trauma Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist were applied for further interview. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test or t-test. RESULTS: Among the 3880 participants residing in Kashan, 274 (7.1%) reported a history of traumatic injury during one year ago in 2018-2019. Incidence of all injuries was estimated to be 70.61 (62.60-78.70) per 1000 people. For the trauma population, 213 (77.7%) were male and 75.1% were married. About half of them (50.3%, 138/274) aged 21-39 years. The most common cause of injuries was related to traffic accidents: 140 (51.1%). Of the 274 trauma participants, 47 (17.2%) reported PTSD; 244 (89.1%) had a mild disability, and 30 (10.9%) reported moderate disability. CONCLUSION: One of the main causes of disability in the human community is the traumatic injuries. According to the results of this study, 89.1% of trauma participants have sustained at last mild disability following trauma. These people require follow-up and post-treatment support. It should be noted that psychological complications such as PTSD are as significant as physical symptoms.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Acidentes de Trânsito , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Estudos Transversais , Avaliação da Deficiência , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/etiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
5.
Eur Addict Res ; 25(1): 41-47, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30630161

RESUMO

Opioid dependence is an increasing clinical and public health problem. Current pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy and cause serious side effects. Increasing bodies of evidences suggest the neuropeptide, oxytocin (OT), as a potential treatment for drug abuse disorders. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of OT on withdrawal, craving and anxiety scores, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) blood level in heroin-dependent male patients. This randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 58 males with opioid dependence by Abstinence Center of Addictive People in Iran. The participants were randomly allocated to receive intranasal OT (single dose; 40 IU, n = 29) or placebo (n = 29). Heroine withdrawal, craving and anxiety scores were measured using the Opioid Withdrawal Scale, Visual Analogue Scale and (Desire for Drug Questionnaire), and Hamilton checklist respectively. The cortisol and DHEAS levels at baseline and different post-intervention time were measured using a competitive immunoanalysis method. Acute OT administration reduced craving and withdrawal scores but did not change anxiety significantly. Single dose of OT decreased the level of cortisol and improved the cortisol/DHEAS ratio in the heroin users during abstinence (p < 0.01). These results suggest that OT may be useful in the attenuation of craving, withdrawal symptom in heroin-dependent patients and might be considered a new potential treatment for heroin dependence where positive effects of OT on stress-related hormones may be involved in this effect of OT.


Assuntos
Fissura/efeitos dos fármacos , Dependência de Heroína/complicações , Dependência de Heroína/tratamento farmacológico , Ocitocina/farmacologia , Ocitocina/uso terapêutico , Estresse Psicológico/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Intranasal , Adulto , Ansiedade/complicações , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Sulfato de Desidroepiandrosterona/sangue , Método Duplo-Cego , Dependência de Heroína/sangue , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Masculino , Ocitocina/administração & dosagem , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/complicações , Adulto Jovem
6.
Chin J Traumatol ; 22(5): 300-303, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31445798

RESUMO

The National Spinal Cord Injury Registry of Iran (NSCIR-IR) is a not-for-profit, hospital-based, and prospective observational registry that appraises the quality of care, long-term outcomes and the personal and psychological burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in Iran. Benchmarking validity in every registry includes rigorous attention to data quality. Data quality assurance is essential for any registry to make sure that correct patients are being enrolled and that the data being collected are valid. We reviewed strengths and weaknesses of the NSCIR-IR while considering the methodological guidelines and recommendations for efficient and rational governance of patient registries. In summary, the steering committee, funded and maintained by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran, the international collaborations, continued staff training, suitable data quality, and the ethical approval are considered to be the strengths of the registry, while limited human and financial resources, poor interoperability with other health systems, and time-consuming processes are among its main weaknesses.


Assuntos
Confiabilidade dos Dados , Sistema de Registros , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/psicologia , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
J Public Health (Oxf) ; 40(4): e431-e439, 2018 12 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29506179

RESUMO

Background: The burden of trauma is not equally distributed among all groups of societies and often disproportionately affects poor populations. This study aimed to examine the relationship of socioeconomic status (SES) and trauma outcomes. Methods: In this cohort study, 600 trauma patients in Kashan, Iran were studied. Data were gathered by demographic and trauma-related questionnaires, a socioeconomic assessment scale, the Hospital Care Index and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule-II. The concentration index was done for measuring socioeconomic inequalities. Results: About 49.7% of the patients received high level of hospital care. After 3 months from trauma incidence, 64.2% of the patients reported some levels of disability and 71.4% returned to their work or activities of daily living. Most cases of high level of hospital care and return to work (RTW) were among patients with high SES while most instances of death and disability occurred among patients with low SES. Inequality analysis also revealed that patients with low and high SES differed significantly from each other in terms of hospital care and RTW. Conclusion: Patients with low SES are at greater risk for receiving low level of hospital care and experiencing non-RTW and needs to stronger post-discharge social supports.


Assuntos
Classe Social , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapia , Atividades Cotidianas , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Retorno ao Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Resultado do Tratamento , Ferimentos e Lesões/mortalidade , Adulto Jovem
8.
Chin J Traumatol ; 21(1): 54-57, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29426796

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the trend of road traffic fatalities in Kashan Region, Iran, in a period of eight years. METHODS: Through a cross-sectional study, all road traffic deaths classified under the V01V99 codes according to ICD-10 in Kashan region, central Iran, from March 2006 to March 2013 and population data were collected from the registration system of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Years of lost life (YLL) and mortality rates were calculated regarding age, gender and year of the accident. Generalized linear model (GLM) with Poisson log-linear link was used to evaluate the effects of the mentioned variables on mortality rate. RESULTS: During the period of the study (8 years), 928 people (767 men) died due to road traffic injuries (RTIs). The total YLL was 20,818. The mortality rate due to RTIs has been declined constantly from 43.1 in March 2006 to 21.1 per 100,000 in March 2013. The highest mortality rate was found in the age group of over 60 years old and the lowest in the age group of 0-14 years old. Both mortality rate and YLL was greater in men than in women. Poisson regression showed that age, gender and year of the accidents had a significant effect on mortality rate (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Although there has been a constant decline of mortality rate in Kashan area within the study period, the value remains higher than the mean level of Eastern Mediterranean region and the global average, which is a notable fact for policymakers and authorities.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
9.
Chin J Traumatol ; 20(2): 67-74, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28365091

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To evaluate the return to work (RTW) rate, time and predictors among trauma patients using survival analysis. METHODS: This cohort study was conducted with a three-month follow-up on 300 trauma patients hospitalized in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, Iran in 2014. The data were collected through conducting interviews and referring to patients' medical records during their hospital stay and follow-up information at one & three months after discharge from hospital. Final analysis was conducted on the data retrieved from 273 patients. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and survival analysis method. RESULTS: The rate of RTW at the end of the first and the third follow-up months was respectively 21.6% and 61.2%. Survival analysis showed that the RTW time (Time between admission to first return to work) was significantly longer among patients with illiteracy, drug abuse, hospitalization history in the intensive care unit, low socioeconomic status, non-insurance coverage, longer hospital stay, multiple and severe injuries as well as severe disability. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that trauma has profound effects on the rate and time of RTW. Besides disability, many personal and clinical factors can affect the outcome of RTW.


Assuntos
Retorno ao Trabalho , Ferimentos e Lesões/reabilitação , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Retorno ao Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos , Classe Social , Análise de Sobrevida
10.
Pak J Med Sci ; 31(2): 374-8, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26101494

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate diagnostic value of vaginal pH and cervical length measurement in the second trimester of pregnancy as a preterm labor (PTL) predictor. METHODS: During a prospective cohort study 438 uncomplicated singleton pregnant women between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation were assessed regarding vaginal PH and cervical length. Vaginal pH was measured using Ph-indicator strips and cervical length was determined using transvaginal ultrasound. The cut-off values for vaginal PH and cervical length were defined as 5 and <30 mm respectively. RESULTS: Vaginal pH of 5 and above was found in 162/438 women (37%) while cervical length <30mm was found in 38/438 (8.7%). The incidence of PTL < 37 weeks was 87/438 (19.9%) while the incidence of early (PTL <34 weeks) was 51/438 (11.6%). Predictive value of higher vaginal PH was significantly more (31%) than vaginal PH<5 (13%) in predicting PTL. As a result, alkaline vaginal PH significantly increases the odds of preterm labor (OR=3.06). Shortened cervical length is better predictor of PTL than higher vaginal PH with positive predictive value of 71% and negative predictive value of 85%. Cervical length less than 30 mm nearly 14-fold increases odds of preterm birth (OR=13.9). CONCLUSION: Compared to alkaline vaginal PH, shortened cervical length has better value to predict PTL overall. However, regarding early or late PTL, vaginal PH is more accurate to predict late PTL, while cervical length measurement is more appropriate to predict early PTL (<34 weeks).

11.
Ann Med Surg (Lond) ; 85(2): 306-310, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36845814

RESUMO

Previous essays have presented possible concordance between obesity and colorectal polyp development. However, neither for the hypothesis nor for the details general consensus exists. This study aimed to evaluate the association between higher BMI rather than the normal and colorectal polyp presentation and characteristics if any. Methods: Eligible patients based on study criteria who were candidates for total colonoscopy examination enrolled in this case-controlled trial. Controls had normal colonoscopy reports. A positive colonoscopy for any kind of polyp was followed by a histopathological study. Demographic data also was registered, and patients were categorized according to the calculated BMI. Groups were matched by both gender and status of tobacco abuse. Finally, the outcomes of colonoscopy and histopathological studies were compared between groups. Results: A total of 141 and 125 persons investigated, respectively, as patients and controls. Possible effects of gender, tobacco abuse, and cigarette smoking were declined by participants matching. Hence, we found no significant difference between groups regarding the latter variables (P>0.05). Colorectal polyps were found absolutely more in BMI>25 kg/m-2 rather than in lesser values (P<0.001). However, there was no obvious difference in the incidence of colorectal polyps between groups categorized as overweight and obese (P>0.05). Namely, even weighing over could be the risk for colorectal polyp development. Additionally, it was more expected to find neoplastic adenomatous polyp(s) with high-graded dysplasia in BMI>25 kg/m-2 (P<0.001). Conclusion: Even little changes in BMI further than the normal values can independently increase the risk of developing dysplastic adenomatous colorectal polyp(s) significantly.

12.
Heliyon ; 9(10): e20560, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37829797

RESUMO

Objective: This cohort study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A one-year cohort study was conducted in a referral hospital in Kashan, involving 176 medical, educational, and cleaning personnel. Initial evaluations and tuberculin skin tests were performed, followed by a one-year follow-up period. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Results: Among the participants, 26.1% (46 individuals) tested positive for latent tuberculosis infection. Age was a significant risk factor, with a 3.6% increase in latent tuberculosis infection risk with each advancing year. Men had 2.19 times (1.10-4.35) the chance of having a latent infection compared to women. Hospital staff were 3.7 times more at risk of tuberculosis infection than students. Among the hospital job categories, nursing assistants had the highest chance of tuberculosis infection, 6.77 times higher than medical students, followed by cleaning staff and nurses. The ICU, General, and Obstetrics and Gynecology departments had an infection chance of 2.46 (1.11-5.46) compared to other departments. No new positive cases were detected during the follow-up period. Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of latent tuberculosis infection prevalence and its risk factors among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings highlight the importance of infection control measures and targeted interventions to protect healthcare workers from occupational tuberculosis exposure.

13.
Iran J Microbiol ; 14(6): 863-873, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36721451

RESUMO

Background and Objectives: In the past few years, application of new antimicrobial e.g. nanoparticles (NPs) to treat infection caused by drug-resistant bacteria has increased. This study aimed to determine antimicrobial property of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in combination with linezolid on Enterococcus biofilm. Materials and Methods: A total of forty-eight isolates of Enterococcus spp. were collected and confirmed by PCR method. The synthesis of biocompatible AgNPs was performed, then analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy. We carried out minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and biofilm forming capacity of AgNPs and AuNPs with linezolid. Results: Twenty-two E. faecium isolates and twentysix E. faecalis investigated in this study. Strong biofilm formation was seen in 12 (25%) of isolates, and others isolates (75%) formed moderate biofilm. AgNPs and Au-NPs size were 26 nm and 20 nm respectively. The MIC of AgNPs was 23.2 µg/ml, and AuNPs were 92.1 µg/ml and the lowest MIC was obtained 2 µg/ml in linezolid. Biofilm formation inhibitory activity by AuNPs + Linezolide and AgNPs + Linezolide 70 to 80 percent increased in average. Conclusion: The antibiofilm activity of AgNPs and AuNPs increased when both agents were used in combination with linezolid in comparison with each agent alone.

14.
J Glob Health ; 12: 09002, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35392581

RESUMO

Background: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) and its associated injuries are one of the most important public health problems in the world. In Iran, RTCs rank second in terms of mortality. To address this issue, there is a need for research-based interventions. Prioritizing researches using a variety of approaches and frameworks to determine the most effective interventions is a key nodal point in the RTCs' research policy planning cycle. Thus, this study aims to generate and prioritize research questions in the field of RTCs in Iran. Methods: By adapting the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method, this study engaged 25 prominent Iranian academic leaders having role in setting Iran's long-term road safety goals, a group of research funders, and policymakers. The experts' proposed research questions were independently scored on a set of criteria: feasibility, impact on health, impact on the economy, capacity building, and equity. Following the prioritization of Research Questions (RQs), they were all classified using the 5 Pillar frameworks. Results: In total, 145 Research Questions were systematically scored by experts against five criteria. Iran's top 20 road traffic safety priorities were established. The RQs related to "road safety management" and "road and infrastructure" achieved a high frequency. Conclusions: The top 20 research questions in the area of RTCs in Iran were determined by experts. The majority of these RQs were related to "road safety management". The results of this study may contribute to the optimal use of resources in achieving long-term goals in the prevention and control of road traffic crashes and its related injuries. Considering these RQs as research investment options will improve the current status of Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) at a national level and further advance toward compliance with international goals. If these research priorities are addressed, and their findings are implemented, we can anticipate a significant reduction in the number of crashes, injuries, and deaths.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito , Objetivos , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Criança , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Saúde Pública , Pesquisa
15.
Ophthalmology ; 118(9): 1812-8, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21571371

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To determine the extent and causes of blindness and visual impairment (VI) in the Varamin district, Iran, in 2009. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based survey. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3000 noninstitutional inhabitants aged ≥50 years from February to August 2009. METHODS: A standard protocol was used according to the rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) method after an initial 4-day workshop. The clusters were selected through probability-proportionate-to-size sampling. In each cluster, people were selected by a "cluster compact sampling" method. Visual acuity (VA) was measured using a standard tumbling "E" chart without and with pinhole. Ophthalmologists examined participants with VA <6/18 in either eye. Blindness was verified by the World Health Organization definition (best-corrected VA in the better eye <3/60). Severe VI (SVI) was defined as VA ≥3/60 and <6/60 and VI was defined as VA ≥6/60 and <6/18 at presentation. The primary cause of VI was defined according to the cause in the participant's better eye. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of blindness, SVI, and VI, and their avoidable causes. RESULTS: Among 3000 persons, 2819 (94% response rate), including 1289 men (45.1%) and 1530 women (54.9%), were examined. The standardized prevalence rates of blindness, SVI, and VI were 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91-1.75), 1.39 (95% CI, 0.81-1.97), and 6.91 (95% CI, 5.96-7.86), respectively, and the prevalence rates of avoidable causes (cataract, surgical complication, refractive error, and corneal scar) of blindness, SVI, and VI were 56.1%, 65.0%, and 85.6%, respectively. The principal cause of blindness and SVI was cataract, and the principal cause of VI was refractive error. CONCLUSIONS: Most blindness, SVI, and VI is due to avoidable causes. Cataract and refractive errors were the leading causes in our context.


Assuntos
Cegueira/epidemiologia , Baixa Visão/epidemiologia , Pessoas com Deficiência Visual/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cegueira/etiologia , Catarata/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Erros de Refração/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Sexo , Baixa Visão/etiologia , Acuidade Visual
16.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet ; 153(3): 449-456, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33638200

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted on 56 pregnant women with COVID-19 and 94 healthy pregnant women during the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. Two groups were followed until childbirth. Demographic and obstetric information, clinical symptoms, laboratory and radiographic findings of the patients, and maternal and neonatal outcomes of the two groups were gathered by a checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The two groups were similar in terms of maternal age, gravida, parity, and co-morbidities (P > 0.05). The rate of cesarean delivery in the exposed group was higher than that in the control group (P = 0.027; relative risk [RR] =2.23). Pre-eclampsia was seen in 19.8% of the exposed group and 7.4% of the control group (P = 0.037; RR = 2.68). The rate of preterm labor in the exposed group was higher than that in the control group (P = 0.003; RR = 2.70). Fetal distress was seen in 16.1% of the exposed group and 4.3% of the control group (P = 0.016; RR = 3.84). CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with COVID-19 had an increased risk of pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, and cesarean delivery. Their fetal and neonatal outcomes were fetal distress, newborn prematurity, and low Apgar score.


Assuntos
COVID-19/epidemiologia , Sofrimento Fetal/epidemiologia , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/epidemiologia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/epidemiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Adulto , Índice de Apgar , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto Jovem
17.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev ; 22(4): 1225-1230, 2021 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33906316

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Interleukins-6 and -8 are two pro-inflammatory cytokines increasing in serum and local levels under malignant conditions. There are limited evidences on the association between cervical level of these two factors and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). So, this study aimed to explore the association between cervical levels of IL-6 and IL-8 with cervical premalignant lesions. METHODS: The present case-control study was conducted on married women undergone Pap smear for routine screening in two groups as the group with CIN (n=100) and the healthy control group (n=100). Cervical secretions were collected using sterile swab and the levels of IL-8 and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software. RESULTS: The mean cervical IL-6 level was 568.66±594.62 pg/ml in the patients with CIN and 212.7±213.9 pg/ml in the controls (P <0.001). The cervical IL-8 levels in the case and control groups were measured to be 1320.43±876.5 pg/ml and 1053.59±747.64 pg/ml, respectively (p=0.02). By modifying the confounding size effect of the age and marital duration, it was determined that cervical levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were both associated with CIN. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the cervical levels of IL-6 and IL-8 are associated with CIN independent of age and marital dura.


Assuntos
Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Displasia do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Casamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Teste de Papanicolaou , Adulto Jovem , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia
18.
Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol ; 60(3): 458-462, 2021 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33966728

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women with Covid-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case series study was performed to investigate demographic, clinical and obstetric characteristics of 26 pregnant women with COVID-19 referring to a university hospital of Kashan during the epidemic of COVID-19 (March to May 2020). RESULTS: The mean gestational age of the patients at admission and delivery was 31.8 ± 5.2 and 36.3 ± 3.4 weeks, respectively. The most common symptoms were fever (96.2%) followed by dyspnea and cough (30.8%). The findings of lung CT scan showed abnormalities confirming the pneumonia in 22 patients (84.6%). Cesarean section was performed in 69.2% of the mothers. The most common maternal-fetal outcome was preterm delivery (38%). Two mothers were transferred to the ICU due to deterioration in clinical condition and they underwent mechanical ventilation without any maternal death. The most common neonatal outcomes were prematurity (38%) and low birth weight (34.6%). No cases of confirmed COVID-19 were observed in the neonates. CONCLUSION: Clinical manifestations and laboratory and radiographic findings in pregnant women with COVID-19 are similar to the general population. Common outcomes of pregnancy and delivery in mothers included increased rate of preterm delivery and cesarean section. The most prevalent neonatal outcomes included prematurity and LBW. Careful monitoring of pregnant women with COVID-19 is recommended.


Assuntos
COVID-19/complicações , Parto Obstétrico/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto , COVID-19/transmissão , COVID-19/virologia , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez , Nascimento Prematuro/virologia
19.
Curr Med Mycol ; 7(3): 36-43, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35528620

RESUMO

Background and Purpose: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is considered the second most prevalent gynecologic infection among women and one of the main reasons for referring to a gynecologist. During recent decades, probiotic usage has been defined as one of the therapeutic regimens for vaginal candidiasis management, but these findings were controversial. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of fluconazole plus vaginal and oral probiotics supplementation on clinical and mycological improvement of vaginal candidiasis concomitant with antifungal susceptibility of Candida species to fluconazole. Materials and Methods: This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 76 women with vaginal candidiasis admitted to Naghavi and Imam Reza Gynecology Clinics in Kashan, Central Iran, from July 2017 to March 2020. Patients were diagnosed according to vaginal candidiasis symptoms and positive culture for Candida species. The patients were divided into two groups; one of them received fluconazole plus vaginal and oral probiotics, while the other one received fluconazole with placebo. The clinical and mycological findings were recorded before and after the treatment. In vitro, the fluconazole susceptibility test was determined by the microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (M27-A3) for the baseline Candida isolates. Conclusion: Based on the findings, 35 days after the intervention, a significant reduction was reported in vaginal candidiasis symptoms in the probiotics supplementation group. Although probiotics supplementation therapy was a better mycological cure, compared to the fluconazole with the placebo group, this difference was not significant (68.4% vs. 46.9%, P=0.184). Exclusion of resistant and susceptible dose-dependent strain in the regression model demonstrated a significant reduction in positive culture probiotics in the supplementation group. Results: Oral and vaginal supplementation with probiotics for 4 weeks played a significant role in the elimination of vaginal candidiasis symptoms. Adjustment of clinical and mycological responses with drug resistance patterns of patients could open a promising horizon for probiotics consumption as a complementary treatment.

20.
Injury ; 52(2): 219-224, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33441251

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Due to the low sensitivity of chest radiography, chest CT-scan is usually recommended for the evaluation of high-risk blunt trauma patients. Considering the radiation exposure and costs accompanying routine CT-scan, the aim of this study was to design and implement an evidence-based institutional algorithm for selective chest imaging in high energy blunt trauma patients and evaluate its effect on patient outcome and resource utilization. METHODS: For this field trial, an institutional evidence-based algorithm for chest trauma imaging was designed according to existing data and expert panel. After final consent and ethic committee approval, the algorithm was integrated in the diagnostic flow sheet in the emergency department and patient data were collected from the pre- and post-implementation period. RESULTS: One-hundred and sixty-five patients before algorithm implementation and 158 patients after that were included. Chest CT-scan was requested for 93% of patients in the pre-implementation group and for 73% in the post-implementation group (P<0.001). Length of stay in hospital was slightly shorter in the post-implementation group (p = 0.036), however, duration of stay in emergency room and ICU, pulmonary complications and mortality showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION: Implementation of an algorithm for limiting chest CT-scan to a subgroup of patients with a higher risk of chest injuries can reduce radiation exposure and more useful distribution of resources without harming the patients. Each institution should use institutional guidelines and algorithms with respect to patient load, available resources and desired sensitivity for injury detection.


Assuntos
Exposição à Radiação , Traumatismos Torácicos , Ferimentos não Penetrantes , Algoritmos , Humanos , Exposição à Radiação/prevenção & controle , Traumatismos Torácicos/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagem
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