Prospective associations between recalled parental bonding and perinatal depression: a cohort study in urban and rural Turkey.

PURPOSE: Recalled experiences of parental bonding may be important in the aetiology of perinatal depression. We hypothesized that lower recalled parental bonding would be associated with perinatal depression. METHOD: In a cohort study of perinatal depression in Turkey, 677 women were recruited in their third trimester. Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI) scores at baseline were investigated as predictors of depression on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 4, 14 and 21 months after childbirth in mothers without depression at baseline. RESULTS: Poor parental bonding scores, apart from paternal control and overprotection, were independently associated with antenatal depression. Incident postnatal depression at 4 months was predicted by parental overprotection, at 14 months by parental care and overprotection, and at 21 months by paternal control and overprotection. CONCLUSIONS: Less satisfactory parenting recalled in the antenatal period was an independent predictor of postnatal depression; however, the different bonding subscales varied as predictors according to the timing of the depression assessment after childbirth.

Correction to: Prospective associations between recalled parental bonding and perinatal depression: a cohort study in urban and rural Turkey.

The article 'Prospective associations between recalled parental bonding and perinatal depression: a cohort study in urban and rural Turkey, written by Berker Duman, Vesile Senturk Cankorur, Clare Taylor and Robert Stewart was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on January 10, 2018 without open access.

[Psychosocial Functioning in Euthymic Patients with Bipolar Disorder Type–II and Associated Clinical and Cognitive Factors]. / Ötimik Bipolar Tip II Bozuklugu olan Hastalarda Psikososyal Islevsellik Düzeyleri ve Iliskili Klinik ve Bilissel Etmenler.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate psychosocial functioning of euthymic Bipolar Disorder Type-II (BD-II) patients and the association between psychosocial functioning with cognitive functions and subclinical symptoms. The hypothesis was BD-II patients would have low level of psychosocial functioning comparing to healthy subjects and psychosocial functioning would be associated independently with cognitive dysfunction and subclinical symptoms. METHOD: Thirthy-three subjects who met criteria for BD-II according to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and thirty-five healthy subjects were included. Clinical symptoms were assessed by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS); Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS); psychosocial functioning was assessed by Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST). Neurocognitive assessment battery was consisted of WAIS-R general information subtest; Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) perseverative errors, nonperseverative errors and category completed subtests; Trail Making Test-B (TMT-B); Stroop TBAG form; Trail Making Test-A(TMT-A) Auditory Consonant Trigrams (ACT) ACT; Wechsler Memory Scale Revised (WMS-R). RESULTS: Clinical symptoms assessed by HDRS, HARS scores; psychosocial functioning scores assessed by FAST; neurocognitive functions assessed by WCST category completed and, TMT-B, Stroop test, TMT-A, ACT, and WMS-R scores were significantly different between the two groups. FAST scores were associated with ACT scores in BB-II group. CONCLUSION: BB-II patients had cognitive dysfunctions and low level of psychosocial functioning even in their euthymic states. Working memory dysfunction was independently associated with psychosocial functioning of euthymic BB-II patients.

Cognitive Functioning in Euthymic Bipolar Patients on Monotherapy with Novel Antipsychotics or Mood Stabilizers.

INTRODUCTION: Bipolar disorder is associated with cognitive dysfunction in several domains. Medication effect is a potential confounder that can only be statistically controlled in many studies. The cognitive profile in bipolar disorder during remission on maintenance antipsychotics or mood stabilizers medication has not been compared before. METHODS: We compared the cognitive profile of bipolar disorder patients euthymic for 2 month or more on monotherapy with novel antipsychotics (AP) (n=16), lithium carbonate (Li) (n=25) or valproic acid (VPA; n=26). Forty-two individuals were assessed as controls. The cognitive battery included Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) subtests, the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). RESULTS: All three patient groups compared to controls performed poorly on the working memory and verbal memory tasks (F=3.59, df=3, p=0.02 for WAIS-R Arithmetic and F=123.64, df=3, p<0.01 for WMS Logical Memory). The differences remained significant after controlling for age. Across patients, the only significant difference was between the Li and AP groups in terms of working memory. The Li group performed better (F=3.59, df=2, p=0.02) and the difference survived correction for age and clinical features. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that working memory impairment in bipolar patients on monotherapy with atypical AP, whereas verbal memory impairment might be related to bipolar disorder itself. Working memory might be a state marker, whereas verbal memory could be a trait marker of bipolar disorder. Atypical AP might have an adverse effect on cognition in bipolar disorder. These findings cannot be generalized to all bipolar patients, particularly the poor responders to monotherapy.

Gender preference and perinatal depression in Turkey: A cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Child gender preference is important in some cultures and has been found to modify risk for antenatal and postnatal depression. We investigated discrepancies in the child gender preference between participating women and other key family members and the extent to which these predicted perinatal depression. METHODS: In a large cohort study of perinatal depression in urban and rural Turkey, participants had been asked about child gender preferences: their own, and those of their husband, parents, and parents in-law. Of 730 participants recruited in their third trimester (94.6% participation), 578 (79.2%) were reassessed at a mean (SD) 4.1 (3.3) months after childbirth, and 488 (66.8%) were reassessed at 13.7 (2.9) months. RESULTS: No associations were found between any gender preference reported in the antenatal period and depression at any examination. On the other hand, we found associations of antenatal depression with differences in participant-reported gender preference and that reported for their mother-in-law (OR 1.81, 1.08-3.04). This non-agreement also predicted depression at the 4 month (OR 2.24, 1.24-4.03) and 14 month (OR 2.07, 1.05-4.04) post-natal examinations. These associations with postnatal depression persisted after adjustment for a range of covariates (ORs 3.19 (1.54-6.59) and 3.30 (1.49-7.33) respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Reported disagreement in child gender preferences between a woman and her mother-in-law was a predictor of post-natal depression and may reflect wider family disharmony as an underlying factor.

Cognitive Functions of Bipolar Disorder Patients in Remission on Monotherapy: A Follow-Up Study.

OBJECTIVE: Multiple sectional studies indicate that the cognitive functions of bipolar disorder (BD) patients in remission are damaged. These studies also suggest that cognitive functions get worse over time. Although the results are inconsistent, there are limited follow-up studies that reveal any contradictory results. Interestingly, there have been major difficulties in the interpretation related to this subject. In particular, scarcity of longitudinal studies and not eliminating the role of multidrug side effects on cognitive functions are just a few. Due to these aforementioned limitations, the longitudinal course of cognitive functions and their sectional differences were investigated in BD patients that underwent remission with monotherapy in this study. METHODS: In this study, the cognitive functions (premorbid IQ, attention, executive functions, memory, visual-spatial skills, and psychomotor speed) of BD patients (n=27) in remission and on monotherapy for at least 1 month were assessed at baseline and at an 18 (6-77) month follow-up period and compared to healthy controls (n=35). RESULTS: The BD group's performance was worse than those of the control group on tests that evaluated attention, executive functions including concept formation, mental flexibility, response inhibition, set shifting, and reasoning, verbal memory, and psychomotor speed. On the other hand, the BD group showed no significant differences at baseline and follow-up examinations. CONCLUSION: All cognitive functions of BD patients on monotherapy remained stable during the follow-up. This suggests that this group might be a sub-group of BD with good prognosis, and monotherapy may not be harmful on cognitive functions. On the other hand, it needs longer time to detect cognitive dysfunctions. Kewords: Bipolar disorder, neurocognition, euthymia, monotherapy, prospective design.

[Clinical and cognitive predictors of psychosocial functioning during the euthymic period in bipolar disorder type II]. / Bipolar Tip II Bozuklukta Ötimik Dönemde Islevselligin Klinik ve Bilissel Yordayicilari.

AIM: Review of clinical and cognitive predictors of psychosocial functioning during the euthymic period in patients with bipolar disorder type II (BD II) was aimed in this paper. Psychosocial functioning status, clinical and cognitive predictors of psychosocial functioning and assessment of psychosocial functioning during the euthymic period in patients with BD-II were discussed. METHOD: Studies investigated psychosocial functioning and its clinical and cognitive predictors were reviewed. Studies conducted between 1990 and 2013 were scanned. RESULTS: It's been seen that there were limited studies investigating psychosocial functioning and predictors of psychosocial functioning. Findings from these limited studies indicated that patients with BD-II experienced psychosocial disability as much as BD-I did. It was reported that subclinical depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment were the prominent predictors of psychosocial functioning during the euthymic periods in patients with BD-II. CONCLUSION: There are limited studies conducted in euthymic BD-II patients. There are various findings among the studies. Nevertheless, subclinical depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments are the prominent predictors of psychosocial functioning in euthymic BD-II patients. However, follow-up and cross-sectional studies are needed in this area.