RESUMO
Supernumerary tooth (ST) may arise from uncertain developmental abnormalities or underlying genetic causes, and the extraction at the early age is recommended. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are the valuable resource for the regeneration of tooth and related craniofacial structures. DPSCs isolated from ST (sDPSCs) have not been fully characterized despite the potential in the applications. The objectives of this study are the efficient isolation of sDPSCs and the analysis of the properties as stem cells. sDPSCs were established by hammer-cracking and separation of the intact pulp from ST. sDPSCs in the culture were examined by light microscope and flow cytometer for the morphology and the surface marker expression. sDPSCs exhibited the cellular morphology of typical mesenchymal stem cells and expressed CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD166, but not CD14, CD34 or CD45. sDPSCs showed the differentiation potential toward osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages. During osteogenic differentiation, the stimulation by Oncostatin M enhanced the differentiation and significantly increased the expression of genes involved in the hard tissue repair, such as BMP2, BMP4, BMP6 and RUNX2. sDPSCs can be effectively derived from ST and displays the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells in the maintenance and the differentiation. sDPSCs satisfies the quality as DPSCs thus provide the valuable resource to the regenerative therapy.
Assuntos
Polpa Dentária/citologia , Oncostatina M/metabolismo , Osteogênese , Células-Tronco/citologia , Dente Supranumerário/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Polpa Dentária/metabolismo , Humanos , Células-Tronco/metabolismoRESUMO
Our previous study reported that cancer upregulated gene (CUG)2, a novel oncogene, induces both faster cell migration and anti-cancer drug resistance. We thus wonder whether CUG2 also induces stemness, a characteristic of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and further examine the molecular mechanism of this phenotype. To test that CUG2 induces stemness, we examined expression of stemness-related factors. Overexpression of CUG2 enhanced expression levels of stemness-related factors in human lung carcinoma A549 and immortalized bronchial BEAS-2B cells. Consequently, CUG2 increased cellular spherical cluster forming ability. Overexpression of CUG2 also induced tumor formation in xenotransplanted nude mice whereas transplantation of control cells failed to, implying that CUG2 possesses malignant tumorigenic potential. We paid attention to nucleophosmin (NPM1) for its known interaction with CUG2. Suppression of NPM1 hindered the CUG2-mediated stemness-like phenotypes and diminished TGF-ß transcriptional activity and signaling. TGF-ß increased stemness-like phenotypes in the control cells whereas TGF-ß inhibitor blocked induction of the phenotypes, indicating that NPM1 is required for CUG2-mediated stemness-like phenotypes through TGF-ß signaling. Furthermore, the suppression of Smad- and non-Smad-dependent TGF-ß signaling pathways also prevented CUG2 from inducing stemness-like phenotypes. Altogether, we suggest that the novel CUG2 oncogene promotes cellular transformation and stemness, mediated by nuclear NPM1 protein and TGF-ß signaling.
Assuntos
Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Células A549 , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/genética , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Nucleofosmina , FenótipoRESUMO
Although many cognitive performance tests and self-reported cognitive concerns scales have been used to evaluate cognitive functioning, fewer measures assess the use of compensatory cognitive strategies for daily activities among those experiencing mild levels of cognitive impairment. The Compensatory Cognitive Strategies Scale was developed to measure frequency of self-reported cognitive strategies to decrease distractions, organise and sequence activities, and to utilise newly available computer aids to assist memory among those with multiple sclerosis (MS). Cronbach's alpha, a measure of internal consistency reliability, was .89 and .90 in two different samples. Concurrent validity was supported by the total score's moderate correlation with the MMQ-Strategy Scale (rs = .67) and by a statistically significant increase in total scores for those who had participated in an intervention designed to improve their cognitive abilities. Correlations were stronger with another strategy measure than with measures of other constructs such as health-promoting behaviours, thus supporting the scales convergent versus divergent validity. These initial findings suggest that the Compensatory Cognitive Strategies Scale may be useful to both researchers and clinicians working to build compensatory strategies for day-to-day functioning among those with mild cognitive impairment.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Transtornos do Humor/etiologia , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Esclerose Múltipla/psicologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Correlação de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Ovarian cancer shows high mortality due to development of resistance to chemotherapy and relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been suggested to be a major contributor in developing drug resistance and relapse in ovarian cancer. In this study, we isolated CSCs through sphere culture of A2780, SKOV3, OVCAR3 epithelial ovarian cancer cells and primary ovarian cancer cells from patients. We identified heat-stable factors secreted from ovarian CSCs stimulated migration and proliferation of CSCs. Mass spectrometry and ELISA analysis revealed that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) was significantly elevated in CSC culture media compared with non-CSC culture media. Treatment of CSCs with LPA resulted in augmented CSC characteristics such as sphere-forming ability, resistance to anticancer drugs, tumorigenic potential in xenograft transplantation, and high expression of CSC-associated genes, including OCT4, SOX2, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1. Treatment of CSCs with LPA receptor 1-specific inhibitors or silencing of LPA receptor 1 expression abrogated the LPA-stimulated CSC properties. Autotaxin, an LPA-producing enzyme, is highly secreted from ovarian CSCs, and pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of autotaxin markedly attenuated the LPA-producing, tumorigenic, and drug resistance potentials of CSCs. Clinicopathological analysis showed a significant survival disadvantage of patients with positive staining of autotaxin. In addition, we further identified that AKT1 activity was upregulated in ovarian CSCs through an LPA-dependent mechanism and silencing of AKT1 expression led to suppression of CSC characteristics. These results suggest that autotaxin-LPA-LPA receptor 1-AKT1 signaling axis is critical for maintaining CSC characteristics through an autocrine loop and provide a novel therapeutic target for ovarian CSCs.
Assuntos
Lisofosfolipídeos/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/tratamento farmacológico , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Diester Fosfórico Hidrolases/genética , Receptores de Ácidos Lisofosfatídicos/genética , Ataxina-1/genética , Comunicação Autócrina/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/genética , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/patologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Sargassum horneri (S. horneri), a brown seaweed excessively proliferating along Asian coastlines, are damaging marine ecosystems. Thus, this study aimed to enhance nutritional value of S. horneri through lactic acid bacteria fermentation to increase S. horneri utilization as a functional food supplement, and consequently resolve coastal S. horneri accumulation. S. horneri supplemented fermentation was most effective with Lactiplantibacillus pentosus SH803, thus this product (F-SHWE) was used for further in vitro studies. F-SHWE normalized expressions of oxidative stress related genes NF-κB, p53, BAX, cytochrome C, caspase 9, and caspase 3, while non-fermented S. horneri (SHWE) did not, in a H2O2-induced HT-29 cell model. Moreover, in an LPS-induced HT-29 cell model, F-SHWE repaired expressions of inflammation marker genes ZO1, IL1ß, IFNγ more effectively than SHWE. For further functional assessment, F-SHWE was also treated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. As a result, F-SHWE decreased lipid accumulation, along with gene expression of adipogenesis markers PPARγ, C/EBPα, C/EBPß, aP2, and Lpl; lipogenesis markers Lep, Akt, SREBP1, Acc, Fas; inflammation markers IFN-γ and NF-κB. Notably, gene expression of C/EBPß, IFN-γ and NF-κB were suppressed only by F-SHWE, suggesting the enhancing effect of fermentation on obesity-related properties. Compositional analysis attributed the protective effects of F-SHWE to acetate, an organic acid significantly higher in F-SHWE than SHWE. Therefore, F-SHWE is a novel potential anti-obesity agent, providing a strategy to reduce excess S. horneri populations along marine ecosystems.
Assuntos
Células 3T3-L1 , Adipócitos , Fermentação , Inflamação , Estresse Oxidativo , Sargassum , Sargassum/química , Camundongos , Animais , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Adipócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Inflamação/metabolismo , Lactobacillus pentosus/metabolismo , Células HT29 , Adipogenia/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Mesenchymal stem cells in the dental tissue indicate a disposition for differentiation into diverse dental lineages and contain enormous potential as the important means for regenerative medicine in dentistry. Among various dental tissues, the dental pulp contains stem cells, progenitor cells and odontoblasts for maintaining dentin homeostasis. The conventional culture of stem cells holds a limit as the living tissue constitutes the three-dimensional (3D) structure. Recent development in the organoid cultures have successfully recapitulated 3D structure and advanced to the assembling of different types. In the current study, the protocol for 3D explant culture of the human dental pulp tissue has been established by adopting the organoid culture. After isolating dental pulp from human tooth, the intact tissue was placed between two layers for Matrigel with addition of the culture medium. The reticular outgrowth of pre-odontoblast layer continued for a month and the random accumulation of dentin was observed near the end. Electron microscopy showed the cellular organization and in situ development of dentin, and immunohistochemistry exhibited the expression of odontoblast and stem cell markers in the outgrowth area. Three-dimensional explant culture of human dental pulp will provide a novel platform for understanding stem cell biology inside the tooth and developing the regenerative medicine.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, has been reported to regulate organ size, tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis by acting as a transcriptional co-activator. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis of ovarian cancer through activation of G protein-coupled receptors. However, the involvement of TAZ in LPA-induced tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer has not been elucidated. METHODS: In order to demonstrate the role of TAZ in LPA-stimulated tumorigenesis, the effects of LPA on TAZ expression and cell migration were determined by Western blotting and chemotaxis analyses in R182 human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Treatment of R182 cells with the LPA receptor inhibitor Ki16425 blocked LPA-induced cell migration. In addition, transfection of R182 cells with small interfering RNA specific for LPA receptor 1 resulted in abrogation of LPA-stimulated cell migration. LPA induced phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAP kinase in R182 cells and pretreatment of cells with the MEK-ERK pathway inhibitor U0126, but not the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190, resulted in abrogation of LPA-induced cell migration. Pretreatment of R182 cells with U0126 attenuated LPA-induced mRNA levels of TAZ and its transcriptional target genes, such as CTGF and CYR61, without affecting phosphorylation level of YAP. These results suggest that MEK-ERK pathway plays a key role in LPA-induced cell migration and mRNA expression of TAZ in R182 cells, without affecting stability of TAZ protein. In addition, small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of TAZ expression attenuated LPA-stimulated migration of R182 cells. These results suggest that TAZ plays a key role in LPA-stimulated migration of epithelial ovarian cancer cells.
Assuntos
Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Lisofosfolipídeos/toxicidade , Butadienos/farmacologia , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Isoxazóis/farmacologia , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/tratamento farmacológico , Nitrilas/farmacologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Propionatos/farmacologia , Estabilidade Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Transativadores , Fatores de Transcrição , Proteínas com Motivo de Ligação a PDZ com Coativador TranscricionalRESUMO
Background/purpose: Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) possess excellent proliferative and osteogenic differentiation potentials. This study aimed to elucidate the role of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Materials and methods: hDPSCs were treated with LPA and proliferation was measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay. Following the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs using osteogenic medium in the presence or absence of LPA, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity measurements, and RT-qPCR were performed to analyze the osteoblast differentiation. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated LPAR3 silencing and extracellular signal-regulated (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying LPA-induced proliferation and differentiation of hDPSCs. Results: LPA treatment significantly induced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. The depletion of LPAR3 expression by LPAR3-speicifc siRNA in hDPSCs diminished LPA-induced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. The LPAR3-mediated proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs in response to LPA were significantly suppressed by U0126, a selective inhibitor of ERK. Conclusion: These findings suggest that LPA induces the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs via LPAR3-ERK-dependent pathways.
RESUMO
Dental pulp-derived stromal cells (DPSCs) are a crucial cell population for maintaining the tissue integrity of the pulp-dentin complex. The oxytocin receptor (OXTR), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, plays versatile roles in diverse biological contexts. However, the role of OXTR in dental pulp has not yet been fully understood. Here, we demonstrate the biological functions and significance of OXTR in DPSCs through a multidisciplinary approach. Microarray data of 494 GPCR genes revealed high OXTR expression in human DPSCs (hDPSCs). Blocking OXTR activity increased the expression of osteogenic and odontogenic marker genes, promoting hDPSC differentiation. Additionally, we found that OXTR is involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling through the regulation of the gene expression related to ECM homeostasis. We further demonstrated that these genetic changes are mediated by trascriptional activity of Yes-associated protein (YAP). Based on the results, a preclinical experiment was performed using an animal model, demonstrating that the application of an OXTR inhibitor to damaged pulp induced significant hard tissue formation. These results provide new insight into the oxytocin-OXTR system in the regenerative process of pulp-dentin complex.
Assuntos
Receptores de Ocitocina , Células-Tronco , Animais , Humanos , Receptores de Ocitocina/genética , Receptores de Ocitocina/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Dentina/fisiologia , Polpa Dentária , Células Cultivadas , Proliferação de CélulasRESUMO
Campylobacter spp. constitute a significant global threat as a leading cause of foodborne illnesses, with poultry meat as a prominent reservoir for these pathogens. South Korea is known for its diverse poultry consumption habits, and continuous outbreaks make it a matter of concern to perform a meta-analysis to identify the primary source of contamination. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess and compare the prevalence of Campylobacter in various poultry and meat types while also considering the importance of environmental factors in South Korea. The meta-analysis revealed that duck meat exhibited the highest prevalence of Campylobacter, with a pooled estimate of 70.46% (95% CI: 42.80% to 88.38%), followed by chicken meat at a pooled prevalence of 36.17% (95% CI: 26.44% to 47.91%). Additionally, our analysis highlighted the predominance of C. jejuni and C. coli in South Korea. These findings underscore the importance of implementing rigorous food safety measures and establishing robust surveillance programs in the poultry industry to mitigate the risk of Campylobacter-related foodborne illnesses associated with meat consumption in South Korea.
RESUMO
In this study, we optimized and explored the effect of the conditions for synthesizing Fe-loaded food waste biochar (Fe@FWB) for Cr(VI) removal using the response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). The pyrolysis time, temperature, and Fe concentration were selected as the independent variables, and the Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of Fe@FWB was maximized. RSM analysis showed that the p-values of pyrolysis temperature and Fe concentration were less than 0.05, indicating that those variables were statically significant, while pyrolysis time was less significant due to its high p-value (0.2830). However, the ANN model results showed that the effect of pyrolysis time was more significant on Cr(VI) adsorption capacity than Fe concentration. The optimal conditions, determined by the RSM analysis with a lower sum of squared error than ANN analysis, were used to synthesize the optimized Fe@FWB (Fe@FWB-OPT) for Cr(VI) removal. From the equilibrium model fitting, the Langmuir model showed a better fit than the Freundlich model, while the Redlich-Peterson isotherm model overlapped. The Cr(VI) sorption capacity of Fe@FWB-OPT calculated from the Langmuir model was 377.71 mg/g, high enough to be competitive to other adsorbents. The kinetic Cr(VI) adsorption was well described by the pseudo-second-order and Elovich models. The XPS results showed that Cr adsorbed on the surface of Fe-FWB-OPT was present not only as Cr(VI) but also as Cr(III) by the reduction of Cr(VI). The results of Cr(VI) adsorption by varying the pH indicate that electrostatic attraction is a key adsorption mechanism.
Assuntos
Eliminação de Resíduos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Adsorção , Carvão Vegetal/química , Cromo/análise , Alimentos , Cinética , Redes Neurais de Computação , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
Iron-impregnated food waste biochar (Fe-FWB) was synthesized for Se(â ¥) removal from aqueous solution. The effect and interactive effects of different parameters including pyrolysis time, temperature, and Fe concentration were explored using response surface methodology (RSM) to enhance conditions to achieve the highest Se(â ¥) removal using Fe-FWB. Pyrolysis time was not significant for Se(â ¥) adsorption capacity of Fe-FWB, but temperature and Fe concentration were found to be significant. The highest adsorption was achieved at 3.47 h and 495.0 °C with an Fe concentration of 0.44 M. Fe-FWB synthesized under optimum conditions were used to investigate the kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic adsorption of Se(â ¥). Se(â ¥) adsorption reached equilibrium within 6 h, and both pseudo-second order and pseudo-first order models were suitable for describing kinetic Se(â ¥) adsorption. The Freundlich model was found to suitably fit the equilibrium adsorption data than the Langmuir model. The highest adsorption capacity of Fe-FWB for Se(â ¥) was 11.7 mg g-1. Se(â ¥) adsorption on Fe-FWB was endothermic and spontaneous. The enthalpy change for Se(â ¥) adsorption was 54.4 kJ mol-1, and the entropy change was negative at 15-35 °C. The increment of solution pH from 3 to 11 decreased the Se(â ¥) adsorption from 19.2 to 7.4 mg g-1. The impact of interfering anions on Se(â ¥) adsorption followed the lineup: HCO3- > HPO42- > SO42- > NO3-. When compared to some adsorbents, the adsorption capacity of Se(â ¥) onto Fe-FWB was comparable even at neutral pH and the Fe-FWB was granular. These results indicate that Fe-FWB has prospective application in the removal of Se(â ¥) from aqueous solutions.
Assuntos
Selênio/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Adsorção , Ânions , Carvão Vegetal/química , Alimentos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Ferro , Cinética , Estudos Prospectivos , Selênio/análise , Temperatura , Termodinâmica , Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
Neurons have multiple dendrites and single axon. This neuronal polarity is gradually established during early processes of neuronal differentiation: generation of multiple neurites (stages 1-2); differentiation (stage 3) and maturation (stages 4-5) of an axon and dendrites. In this study, we demonstrated that the neuron-specific n-glycosylated protein NELL2 is important for neuronal polarization and axon growth using cultured rat embryonic hippocampal neurons. Endogenous NELL2 expression was gradually increased in parallel with the progression of developmental stages of hippocampal neurons, and overexpression of NELL2 stimulated neuronal polarization and axon growth. In line with these results, knockdown of NELL2 expression resulted in deterioration of neuronal development, including inhibition of neuronal development progression, decreased axon growth and increased axon branching. Inhibitor against extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) dramatically inhibited NELL2-induced progression of neuronal development and axon growth. These results suggest that NELL2 is an important regulator for the morphological development for neuronal polarization and axon growth.
Assuntos
Axônios/metabolismo , Hipocampo/citologia , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Neurogênese , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Polaridade Celular , Células Cultivadas , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Ratos , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
We have proven that xanthones 1-8 isolated from the root of C. tricuspidata possess highly potent alphaalpha-glucosidase inhibition properties. Compound 1 was identified as a new isoprenylated tetrahydroxy xanthone, 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one (1). These are the first natural xanthones documented to exhibit such inhibition. The IC(50) values of compounds 1-8 inhibiting alpha-glucosidase activity were determined to be up to 16.2microM. Mechanistic analysis showed the xanthones 1-8 exhibited full mixed inhibition.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases , Moraceae , Xantonas/química , Xantonas/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Hidrólise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas , Xantonas/isolamento & purificação , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) has a very poor prognosis due to its aggressive nature and resistance to conventional treatment. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not fully effective because of the undifferentiated phenotype and enhanced drug resistance of ATC. The objective of this study was to evaluate the involvement of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a stemness-associated transcription factor, in the undifferentiated phenotype and drug resistance of ATC. METHODS: ATC cells were compared to papillary thyroid cancer cells in drug resistance and gene expression. The effects of KLF4 knockdown in ATC cells on in vitro and in vivo drug resistance were measured. The effects of KLF4 overexpression and knockdown on ABC transporter activity were determined. RESULTS: ATC cells, such as HTH83, 8505C, and SW1736, exhibited higher resistance to the anticancer drug paclitaxel and higher expression of KLF4 than TPC-1 papillary thyroid cancer cells. Knockdown of KLF4 expression in ATC cells increased the expression of the thyroid-specific differentiation genes, such as thyrotropin receptor, thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin, and sodium-iodide symporter. Knockdown of KLF4 expression in ATC cells decreased the resistance to doxorubicin and paclitaxel, and reduced ABC transporter expression. Luciferase reporter assay results showed that KLF4 overexpression increased ABCG2 promoter activity, which was abolished by KLF4 knockdown. A tumorigenicity assay showed that the combination of paclitaxel treatment and KLF4 knockdown significantly decreased tumor mass originated from HTH83 cells in mice. CONCLUSIONS: ATC cells show high expression of KLF4, and KLF4 expression is necessary for maintaining the undifferentiated phenotype and drug resistance in vitro and in vivo. The present study identifies KLF4 as a potential therapeutic target for eliminating ATC cells.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/metabolismo , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Carcinoma Anaplásico da Tireoide/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/tratamento farmacológico , Membro 2 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Membro 2 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Animais , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Doxorrubicina/metabolismo , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Humanos , Fator 4 Semelhante a Kruppel , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/genética , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Paclitaxel/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Interferência de RNA , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinoma Anaplásico da Tireoide/genética , Carcinoma Anaplásico da Tireoide/metabolismo , Carcinoma Anaplásico da Tireoide/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/genética , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Fatores de Tempo , Transfecção , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Bioreducible polymeric nanocarriers bearing disulfide bonds have been widely used for intracellular therapeutic delivery, since they are quickly sliced or reduced in the reductive milieu of cytosol. Incorporation of hydrophobic phospholipid analogues to polymers improves the biocompatibility by reducing the protein adsorption and platelet adhesion on the cell membranes. In this study, we have developed a series of bioreducible polyureas (PUs) bearing disulfide linkages in their backbone and phospholipid moieties in their chain ends. The reducible PUs exhibit interesting self-assembly behavior and controlled release profiles at intracellular mimic conditions. The self-assembled hybrid nanocarriers with an average diameter of about 110 nm efficiently encapsulated the model anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox). The in vitro Dox release profile demonstrated a good glutathione (GSH)-responsive release of Dox at 10 mM GSH. An in vitro cell viability assay was also performed with various cell lines. The antitumor activity tests using HCT15 and HCT116 cancer cells showed that Dox-loaded nanocarriers bearing disulfide linkages induced significantly higher cytotoxicity in cancer cells than those without disulfide linkages. Hence, the PU nanocarriers bearing disulfide linkers and α,ω-phospholipid moieties have a promising potential to trigger the drug into the intracellular compartment of cancer cells.
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Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological cancers with a high recurrence rate. It is important to understand the nature of recurring cancer cells to terminally eliminate ovarian cancer. The winged helix transcription factor Forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) has been reported to function as either oncogene or tumor-suppressor in various cancers. In the current study, we show that FOXP1 promotes cancer stem cell-like characteristics in ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of FOXP1 expression in A2780 or SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells decreased spheroid formation, expression of stemness-related genes and epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related genes, cell migration, and resistance to Paclitaxel or Cisplatin treatment, whereas overexpression of FOXP1 in A2780 or SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells increased spheroid formation, expression of stemness-related genes and epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related genes, cell migration, and resistance to Paclitaxel or Cisplatin treatment. In addition, overexpression of FOXP1 increased promoter activity of ABCG2, OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2, among which the increases in ABCG2, OCT4, and SOX2 promoter activity were dependent on the presence of FOXP1-binding site. In xenotransplantation of A2780 ovarian cancer cells into nude mice, knockdown of FOXP1 expression significantly decreased tumor size. These results strongly suggest FOXP1 functions as an oncogene by promoting cancer stem cell-like characteristics in ovarian cancer cells. Targeting FOXP1 may provide a novel therapeutic opportunity for developing a relapse-free treatment for ovarian cancer patients.
Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Membro 2 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Membro 2 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose , Western Blotting , Adesão Celular , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Imunofluorescência , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/genética , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Proteína Homeobox Nanog/genética , Proteína Homeobox Nanog/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Fator 3 de Transcrição de Octâmero/genética , Fator 3 de Transcrição de Octâmero/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/enzimologia , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/genética , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/metabolismo , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Cicatrização , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Cancer stem cells are a subpopulation of cancer cells characterized by self-renewal ability, tumorigenesis and drug resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HMGA1, a chromatin remodeling factor abundantly expressed in many different cancers, in the regulation of cancer stem cells in ovarian cancer. Spheroid-forming cancer stem cells were isolated from A2780, SKOV3 and PA1 ovarian cancer cells by three-dimensional spheroid culture. Elevated expression of HMGA1 was observed in spheroid cells along with increased expression of stemness-related genes, such as SOX2, KLF4, ALDH, ABCB1 and ABCG2. Furthermore, spheroid A2780 cells, compared with adherent cells, showed higher resistance to chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel and doxorubicin. HMGA1 knockdown in spheroid cells reduced the proliferative advantage and spheroid-forming efficiency of the cells and the expression of stemness-related genes. HMGA1 overexpression in adherent A2780 cells increased cancer stem cell properties, including proliferation, spheroid-forming efficiency and the expression of stemness-related genes. In addition, HMGA1 regulated ABCG2 promoter activity through HMGA1-binding sites. Knockdown of HMGA1 in spheroid cells reduced resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, whereas the overexpression of HMGA1 in adherent ovarian cancer cells increased resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. Furthermore, HMGA1-overexpressing A2780 cells showed a significant survival advantage after chemotherapeutic agent treatment in a xenograft tumorigenicity assay. Together, our results provide novel insights regarding the critical role of HMGA1 in the regulation of the cancer stem cell characteristics of ovarian cancer cells, thus suggesting that HMGA1 may be an important target in the development of therapeutics for ovarian cancer patients.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Proteína HMGA1a/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína HMGA1a/análise , Proteína HMGA1a/genética , Humanos , Fator 4 Semelhante a Kruppel , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovário/metabolismo , Ovário/patologia , Esferoides Celulares , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Hypoxia and NOTCH signaling have been reported to be associated with the self-renewal and drug resistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the molecular mechanisms by which hypoxia and NOTCH signaling stimulate the self-renewal and drug resistance of ovarian CSCs are poorly understood. In the present study, we identified SOX2 as a key transcription factor for CSC-like characteristics in the downstream of hypoxia-induced NOTCH signaling in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Hypoxic treatment or overexpression of intracellular domain of NOTCH1 (NICD1) in ovarian cancer cells increased sphere formation, drug resistance, and expression of CSC-associated genes such as SOX2, ALDH, and ABC transporters. Hypoxic treatment increased the expression of NICD1, and hypoxic treatment or NICD1 overexpression increased SOX2 promoter activity, which was inhibited by deletion of HIF-1 or CSL binding sites. Furthermore, DAPT treatment decreased the effect of hypoxic treatment, and SOX2 knockdown decreased the effect of hypoxic treatment and NICD overexpression on sphere formation and drug resistance in established ovarian cancer cell lines and primary ovarian cancer cells. These results suggest that hypoxia-NOTCH1-SOX2 signaling axis is important for activation of ovarian CSCs, which may provide a novel opportunity for developing therapeutics to eradicate CSCs in ovarian cancer patients.
Assuntos
Hipóxia Celular , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/fisiologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Receptor Notch1/fisiologia , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Feminino , Humanos , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/genéticaRESUMO
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer mortality among men in the United States. Accumulating evidence suggests that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) serves as an autocrine/paracrine mediator to affect initiation, progression and metastasis of prostate cancer. In the current study, we demonstrate that LPA stimulates migration and proliferation of highly metastatic human prostate cancer, PC-3M-luc-C6 cells. LPA-induced migration of PC-3M-luc-C6 cells was abrogated by pretreatment of PC-3M-luc-C6 cells with the LPA receptor 1/3 inhibitor Ki16425 or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of endogenous LPA receptor 1, implicating a key role of the LPA-LPA receptor 1 signaling axis in migration of PC-3M-luc-C6 cells. In addition, LPA treatment resulted in augmented expression levels of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and siRNA or short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated silencing of KLF4 expression resulted in the abolishment of LPA-stimulated migration and proliferation of PC-3M-luc-C6 cells. shRNA-mediated silencing of KLF4 expression resulted in the inhibition of in vivo growth of PC-3M-luc-C6 cells in a xenograft transplantation animal model. Taken together, these results suggest a key role of LPA-induced KLF4 expression in cell migration and proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.