RESUMO
All metazoan guts are in permanent contact with the microbial realm. However, understanding of the exact mechanisms by which the strength of gut immune responses is regulated to achieve gut-microbe mutualism is far from complete. Here we identify a signaling network composed of complex positive and negative mechanisms that controlled the expression and activity of dual oxidase (DUOX), which 'fine tuned' the production of microbicidal reactive oxygen species depending on whether the gut encountered infectious or commensal microbes. Genetic analyses demonstrated that negative and positive regulation of DUOX was required for normal host survival in response to colonization with commensal and infectious microbes, respectively. Thus, the coordinated regulation of DUOX enables the host to achieve gut-microbe homeostasis by efficiently combating infection while tolerating commensal microbes.
Assuntos
Drosophila/imunologia , NADPH Oxidases/fisiologia , Fator 2 Ativador da Transcrição/fisiologia , Animais , Células CACO-2 , Calcineurina/fisiologia , Proteínas de Transporte/fisiologia , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Intestinos/imunologia , Intestinos/microbiologia , MAP Quinase Quinase 3/fisiologia , MAP Quinase Quinase Quinase 1/fisiologia , NADPH Oxidases/genética , Fosfolipase C beta/fisiologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Transcrição Gênica , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/fisiologiaRESUMO
Gluconobacter morbifer G707(T), a minor member of gut microbiota, was isolated from fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). Here, the draft genome sequence of Gluconobacter morbifer G707(T) is reported.
Assuntos
DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/microbiologia , Genoma Bacteriano , Gluconobacter/genética , Gluconobacter/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Commensalibacter intestini A911(T), a predominant symbiotic bacterium capable of stably colonizing gut epithelia, was isolated from the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Here we report the draft genome sequence of Commensalibacter intestini A911(T).
Assuntos
Acetobacteraceae/genética , Acetobacteraceae/isolamento & purificação , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/microbiologia , Genoma Bacteriano , Acetobacteraceae/fisiologia , Animais , Drosophila melanogaster/fisiologia , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência de DNA , SimbioseRESUMO
A specific and sensitive fluorescence-based method was developed for the imaging of microbe-induced HOCl production. Furthermore, we demonstrate dual oxidase (DUOX)-mediated HOCl generation in the mucosa of live animals providing a novel insight into mucosal innate immunity.