What is the quickest scoring system to predict percutaneous nephrolithotomy outcomes? A comparative study among S.T.O.N.E score, guy's stone score and croes nomogram.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the application time and the capacity of the nomograms to predict the success of Guy's Stone Score (GSS), S.T.O.N.E. Nephrolithometry (STONE) and Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society nephrolithometric nomogram (CROES) of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), evaluating the most efficient one for clinical use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 48 patients who underwent PCNL by the same surgeon between 2010 and 2011. We calculated GSS, STONE and CROES based on preoperative non-contrast computed tomography (CT) images and clinical data. A single observer, blinded to the outcomes, reviewed all images and assigned scores. We compared the application time of each nomogram. We used an analysis of variance for repeated measures and multiple comparisons by the Tukey test. We compared the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the three nomograms two by two to determine the most predictive scoring system. RESULTS: The immediate success rate was 66.7% and complications occurred in 16.7% of cases. The average operative time was 122 minutes. Mean application time was significantly lower for the GSS (27.5 seconds) when compared to 300.6 seconds for STONE and 213.4 seconds for CROES (p<0.001). There was no significant difference among the GSS (AUC=0.653), STONE (AUC=0.563) and CROES (AUC=0.641) in the ability to predict immediate success of PCNL. CONCLUSIONS: All three nomograms showed similar ability to predict success of PCNL, however the GSS was the quickest to be applied, what is an important issue for routine clinical use when counseling patients who are candidates to PCNL.

INCISIONAL NEGATIVE-PRESSURE WOUND THERAPY IN REVISION TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY DUE TO INFECTION.

OBJECTIVE: To present our institution's experience with negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) as an adjuvant in wound healing of patients who have undergone revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to septic loosening in the presence of active fistula. METHODS: We prospectively assessed patients presenting with THA infection, associated with the presence of fistula, treated with a PICO® device for NPWT, in combination with the standard treatment for prosthesis infection in our institution. Resolution of the infectious process and healing of the surgical wound without complications were considered an initial favorable outcome. RESULTS: We assessed 10 patients who used PICO® in our department. No complications were identified in association with the use of the NPWT device. The mean follow-up of the patients after use of the device was 12.7 months. Only one patient progressed with fistula reactivation and recurrence of infection. CONCLUSION: NPWT can be used in wound complications and infection following THA procedures safely and with promising results. Randomized prospective studies should be conducted to confirm its effectiveness. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

OBJETIVO: Apresentar a experiência com terapia com pressão negativa (TPN), como adjuvante no tratamento das feridas cirúrgicas de pacientes submetidos à revisão decorrente de solturas sépticas com presença de fístula ativa em artroplastias totais do quadril (ATQ). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados prospectivamente pacientes que apresentavam infecção de ATQ, associada à presença de fístula, tratados com dispositivo PICO® para TPN, além do tratamento padrão da infecção protética em nossa instituição. Consideramos como desfecho favorável inicial a resolução do processo de infecção e a cicatrização da ferida operatória, sem eventos complicadores. RESULTADOS: Foram acompanhados 10 pacientes que usaram PICO® em nosso serviço. Mão foram identificadas quaisquer complicações com relação ao uso do dispositivo de TPN. A média de acompanhamento dos pacientes após o uso do dispositivo foi de 12,7 meses. Apenas um paciente evoluiu com recidiva da infecção e reativação da fístula. CONCLUSÃO: A TPN pode ser usada em complicações de feridas e infecção depois de ATQ com segurança e com resultados promissores. Estudos prospectivos randomizados devem ser realizados para comprovar sua eficácia. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.

Alterations in the Genital Microbiota in Women With Spinal Cord Injury.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the vaginal and cervical microbiota in women with spinal cord injury compared with mobile women. METHODS: Fifty-two women with spinal cord injury (study group) and 57 mobile women (control group) were evaluated in a case-control study. All answered a structured questionnaire and were submitted to the following microbiological tests: microscopic examination of vaginal secretions for Trichomonas vaginalis and yeasts, Nugent score by Gram stain, bacterial culture, yeast culture, and endocervical sampling for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma species. RESULTS: Candida species detected by direct microscopic examination of vaginal fluid was more common in women with spinal cord injuries than in control women: 17.3% (9/52) compared with 3.5% (2/57), respectively (P=.017). However, the frequency of yeast-positive cultures was similar in both groups (21.2% [10/52] compared with 15.8% [14/57]). Women with spinal cord injury were more likely to have positive vaginal cultures for Escherichia coli (15.4% [8/52] compared with 0% [0/57], P=.002) and Corynebacterium species (25.0% [13/52] compared with 8.8% [5/57], P=.037) and less likely for Lactobacillus species (63.5% [33/52] compared with 94.7% [54/57], P<.001). Women with spinal cord injury were more likely to have intermediate flora by Gram stain (Nugent score 4-6) than did the women in the control group (13.5% [7/52] compared with 1.8% [1/57], P=.033). The frequency of Mycoplasma species detection was similar in both groups (36.9% [18/52] compared with 34.6% [21/57]). No woman in either group was positive for T vaginalis, C trachomatis, or N gonorrhoeae. CONCLUSION: Women with spinal cord injury have an alteration in their vaginal microbiota away from a Lactobacillus species-dominated flora and a higher concentration of vaginal Candida species than do mobile women.

Incisional negative-pressure wound therapy in revision total hip arthroplasty due to infection / Terapia de pressão negativa incisional na revisão de artroplastia total do quadril por infecção

ABSTRACT Objective: To present our institution's experience with negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) as an adjuvant in wound healing of patients who have undergone revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to septic loosening in the presence of active fistula. Methods: We prospectively assessed patients presenting with THA infection, associated with the presence of fistula, treated with a PICO® device for NPWT, in combination with the standard treatment for prosthesis infection in our institution. Resolution of the infectious process and healing of the surgical wound without complications were considered an initial favorable outcome. Results: We assessed 10 patients who used PICO® in our department. No complications were identified in association with the use of the NPWT device. The mean follow-up of the patients after use of the device was 12.7 months. Only one patient progressed with fistula reactivation and recurrence of infection. Conclusion: NPWT can be used in wound complications and infection following THA procedures safely and with promising results. Randomized prospective studies should be conducted to confirm its effectiveness. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

RESUMO Objetivo: Apresentar a experiência com terapia com pressão negativa (TPN), como adjuvante no tratamento das feridas cirúrgicas de pacientes submetidos à revisão decorrente de solturas sépticas com presença de fístula ativa em artroplastias totais do quadril (ATQ). Métodos: Foram avaliados prospectivamente pacientes que apresentavam infecção de ATQ, associada à presença de fístula, tratados com dispositivo PICO® para TPN, além do tratamento padrão da infecção protética em nossa instituição. Consideramos como desfecho favorável inicial a resolução do processo de infecção e a cicatrização da ferida operatória, sem eventos complicadores. Resultados: Foram acompanhados 10 pacientes que usaram PICO® em nosso serviço. Mão foram identificadas quaisquer complicações com relação ao uso do dispositivo de TPN. A média de acompanhamento dos pacientes após o uso do dispositivo foi de 12,7 meses. Apenas um paciente evoluiu com recidiva da infecção e reativação da fístula. Conclusão: A TPN pode ser usada em complicações de feridas e infecção depois de ATQ com segurança e com resultados promissores. Estudos prospectivos randomizados devem ser realizados para comprovar sua eficácia. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.

What is the quickest scoring system to predict percutaneous nephrolithotomy outcomes? A comparative study among S. T. O. N. E score, guy's stone ccore and croes nomogram

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the application time and the capacity of the nomograms to predict the success of Guy's Stone Score (GSS), S.T.O.N.E. Nephrolithometry (STONE) and Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society nephrolithometric nomogram (CROES) of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), evaluating the most efficient one for clinical use. Materials and Methods: We studied 48 patients who underwent PCNL by the same surgeon between 2010 and 2011. We calculated GSS, STONE and CROES based on pre-operative non-contrast computed tomography (CT) images and clinical data. A single observer, blinded to the outcomes, reviewed all images and assigned scores. We compared the application time of each nomogram. We used an analysis of variance for repeated measures and multiple comparisons by the Tukey test. We compared the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the three nomograms two by two to determine the most predictive scoring system. Results: The immediate success rate was 66.7% and complications occurred in 16.7% of cases. The average operative time was 122 minutes. Mean application time was significantly lower for the GSS (27.5 seconds) when compared to 300.6 seconds for STONE and 213.4 seconds for CROES (p<0.001). There was no significant difference among the GSS (AUC=0.653), STONE (AUC=0.563) and CROES (AUC=0.641) in the ability to predict immediate success of PCNL. Conclusions: All three nomograms showed similar ability to predict success of PCNL, however the GSS was the quickest to be applied, what is an important issue for routine clinical use when counseling patients who are candidates to PCNL.