RESUMO
Multicellular development in Dictyostelium discoideum involves tightly regulated signaling events controlling the entry into development, initiation of aggregation and chemotaxis, and cellular differentiation. Here we show that PkcA, a Dictyostelium discoideum Protein Kinase C-orthologue, is involved in quorum sensing and the initiation of development, as well as cAMP sensing during chemotaxis. Additionally, by epistasis analysis we provide evidence that PkcA and PldB (a Phospholipase D-orthologue) functionally interact to regulate aggregation, differentiation, and cell-cell adhesion during development. Finally, we show that PkcA acts as a positive regulator of intracellular PLD-activity during development. Taken together, our results suggest that PkcA act through PldB, by regulating PLD-activity, in order to control events during development.
Assuntos
Dictyostelium/metabolismo , Fosfolipase D/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase C-alfa/metabolismo , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , Butanóis/farmacologia , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Polaridade Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimiotaxia , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Dictyostelium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ácidos Fosfatídicos/farmacologia , Percepção de Quorum/fisiologia , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
South Asians have the highest rates of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease amongst all ethnic groups in the world; however this risk cannot be fully explained by traditional risk factors. Participants from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Study were included in this cross-sectional analysis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of psychosocial factors (including anger, anxiety, depressive symptoms, current and chronic stress, and everyday hassles) with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Three multivariate models were examined to evaluate the association between the psychosocial factors and CIMT. Findings suggest that the impact of psychosocial factors on subclinical atherosclerosis is differential for South Asian men and women. For men, anxiety and depression were associated; while for women, stress was associated with common carotid intima media thickness, independent of traditional CVD risk factors, diet and physical activity.