[Different Echinococcus granulosus antigens induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in dendritic cells].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in dendritic cells (DCs) via different Echinococcus granulosus antigens in vitro. METHODS: Bone Marrow DCs generated from bone marrow precursor cells of C57BL/6 mice and cultured in the presence of recombinant mouse GM-CSF (rmGM-CSF). Then, DCs were induced with 15 microg/ml recombinant antigen B (rAgB), 5 mg/ml mouse hydatid fluid (MHF), 1,000 U/ml IFN-gamma (as positive control), and RPMI 1640 complete medium (as negative control), respectively. Meanwhile, the treated DCs and cell supernatants were collected at 18, 24 and 48 h after induction. The positive expressions of D40, CD80, CD86 and I- A/I-E on DCs were determined by flow cytometry. By real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR), the expression level of IDO mRNA in DCs was measured. Concentrations of tryptophan (Try) were tested by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay in cell supernatant. RESULTS: The data from flow cytometry showed that the positive expressions of CD40, CD80, CD86, I-A/I-E were decreased after stimulated by rAgB and MHF. At 24 h after induction, there was significant difference in the level of CD40, CD86 and I-A/I-E among rAgB-treated group [(22.60 +/- 2.69)%, (35.50 +/- 4.38)%, (57.30 +/- 4.38)%], MHF-treated group [(38.00 +/- 3.54)%, (53.00 +/- 3.39)%, (77.10 +/- 1.70)%] and negative control [(37.95 +/- 3.61)%, (19.55 +/- 1.06)% and (85.45 +/-1.63)%] (P < 0.05). At 18, 24 and 48 h after induction, the levels of IDO mRNA in rAgB-treated group [(9.20 +/- 0.01), (29.44 +/- 0.02), (16.48 +/- 0.04)] and MHF-treated group [(9.67 +/- 0.02), (17.52 +/- 0.01), (16.81 +/- 0.01)] was higher than that of negative control group [(2.46 +/- 0.01), (7.77 +/- 0.01), and (10.56 +/- 0.01)] (P < 0.01). And significant difference was found between rAgB-treated group and MHF-treated group (P < 0.05). At 18, 24 and 48 h after induction, the concentrations of Try were lowest in rAgB-treated group [(23.65 +/- 0.64), (13.95 +/- +1.06), (19.0 +/- 00.64) micro.mol/L]. At 24h after induction, Try concentration in negative control group (22.9 +/- 0.14) was higher than that of MHF-treated group (20.65 +/- 0.34) ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Under in vitro condition, rAgB and MHF can up-regulate IDO expression. The ability of rAgB to up-regulate IDO activity was stronger than that of MHF at 24 h after induction.

[Clinical effect and safety of liposomal-albendazole and tablet-albendazole for the treatment of human cystic echinococcosis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore and compare the clinical effect and safety of liposomal albendazole (L-ABZ) and tablet-albendazole (T-ABZ) in the treatment of cystic echinococcosis (CE1, CE2, and CE3). METHODS: A total of 269 cases treated with cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Xinjiang Medical University the First Affiliated Hospital from 1998 to 2008 were reviewed. 51 cases were excluded and 218 cases were enrolled in this research by retrospective case-control method. Among 110 cases were treated with L-ABZ and 108 cases were treated with T-ABZ for short-term (3 months) and long-term courses (6 months) respectively. The effects and safety of the two medicines were compared by analyzing the clinical symptoms, imaging check and serologic test results. RESULTS: In short-term effect evaluation, the total effective rates and curative rates of L-ABZ group and T-ABZ group were 77.9% and 49.1% vs 28.4% and 13.9%, respectively. The effects of L-ABZ group was better than that of T-ABZ group, with remarkable difference in total effective rates and curative rates (x2 value was 19.581, 6.877, respectively, P is less than 0.05). In long-term effect evaluation, the total effective rates and curative rates of L-ABZ and T-ABZ group were 81.7% and 49.0% vs 47.6% and 20.6%, respectively. There was significant difference between L-ABZ group and T-ABZ group in total effective rates and curative rates (x2 value was 20.977, 15.049, respectively, P is less than 0.05). In T-ABZ group the short-term curative rates were 50.0% (15/30), 8.8% (8/91) and 33.3% (7/21) respectively in CE1, CE2, and CE3, the short-term total effective rates were 56.7% (17/30), 35.2% (32/91) and 61.9% (13/21) respectively in CE1, CE2, and CE3. The long-term curative rates were 58.3% (7/12), 28.6% (12/42) and 70.0% (7/10) respectively in CE1, CE2 and CE3, the long-term total effective rates were 75.0% (9/12), 69.0% (29/42) and 100.0% (10/10) respectively in CE1, CE2, and CE3. When compared with CE2, differences existed in CE1 (x2 = 24.887, 4.329; P is less than 0.05) and CE3 groups (x2 = 8.860, 5.076; P is less than 0.05) in terms of short-term effects. In L-ABZ group, the short-term curative rates were 47.4% (18/38), 12.2% (12/98) and 61.5% (8/13) respectively in CE1, CE2 and CE3, the short-term total effective rates were 92.1% (35/38), 65.3% (64/98) and 92.3% (12/13) respectively in CE1, CE2 and CE3, the long-term curative rates were 79.3% (23/29), 35.9% (23/64) and 50.0% (3/6) respectively in CE1, CE2 and CE3, the long-term total effective rates were 96.6% (28/29), 84.4% (54/64) and 100% (6/6) respectively in CE1, CE2 and CE3. When compared with CE2, there were significant differences in CE1 (x2 = 19.648, 9.930; P is less than 0.05) and CE3 groups (x2 = 18.880, 3.876; P is less than 0.05) in terms of short-term effect. In L-ABZ and T-ABZ groups, the drug-related adverse effects were 11.1% (12/108) and 12.7% (14/110) respectively without significant difference (x2 = 0.155, P is more than 0.05). CONCLUSION: L-ABZ and T-ABZ were both effective anti-echinococcosis drugs without dominant side-effects. The clinical effect of L-ABZ was better than that of T-ABZ.

[Echinococcus granulosus recombinant antigen B induced IDO expression in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) after adding Echinococcus granulosus recombinant antigen B (rAgB) in vitro. METHODS: CD11c+ DCs generated from bone marrow precursor cells of C57BL/6 mice and cultured in the presence of recombinant mouse GM-CSF (rmGM-CSF). The morphology of DCs was observed by inverted microscope and scanning electronic microscope. The level of I-A/I-E, CD40, CD80, and CD86 on DCs were determined by flow cytometry. T cell proliferation induced by DCs were evaluated by using mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay. At day 6 post culture, the immature DCs were collected, and part of the immature DCs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h were examined by flow cytometry. Immature DCs were divided into 3 groups: negative control group, positive control group (rmIFN-gamma, 1000 U/ml) and rAgB group. Immature DCs of positive control group and rAgB group were induced with 1000 U/ml rmIFN-gamma and 15 microg/ml rAgB, respectively. IDO expression in DCs was examined 24 h after induction using immunohistochemical method and Western blotting. RESULTS: More than 80% CD11c+ DCs were harvested. The typical DCs were observed under inverted microscope and scanning electronic microscope. The level of CD40, CD80, and IA/IE (MHC II) in mature DCs group was significantly higher than that of immature DCs group (P < 0.05). In MLR, mitomycin-treated DCs can stimulate T lymphocytes proliferation activity. There were significantly differences in IDO expression in the negative control group [(4.544 +/- 1.752)%], positive control group [(20.464 +/- 4.452)%] and rAgB group [(11.148 +/- 1.966)%] (P < 0.05). Western blotting result indicated that the ratio of IDO/GAPDH in rAgB group (0.573 +/- 0.129) was significantly higher than that of negative group (0.229 +/- 0.085) (P < 0.05), and there were no significant difference in the ratio of IDO/GAPDH between IFN-gamma group (0.794 +/- 0.114) and rAgB group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: rAgB can induce IDO expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro.