RESUMO
The discoid lateral meniscus is the most common abnormal meniscal variant in children. It affects the shape and mobility of the menisci, altering the normal mechanical relationships between the articulating surfaces of the knee and predisposing it to injury. The incidence of discoid lateral meniscus is estimated to be 1%-3% in the pediatric population and the condition is bilateral in 10%-20% of patients (Stanitski, 2002). An otherwise asymptomatic knee with an incidentally detected discoid meniscus does not require surgical intervention. However, a discoid lateral meniscus is much more likely to tear, and many children develop pain as well as mechanical symptoms (popping, snapping, locking, or giving way of the knee). Recent improvements in arthroscopic technique have led to greater attempts to stabilize, sculpt, and repair the torn discoid lateral meniscus. This article will review the classification, clinical presentation, diagnostic/imaging studies, and treatment options for a discoid lateral meniscus in children.
Assuntos
Artroscopia/métodos , Instabilidade Articular/etiologia , Instabilidade Articular/cirurgia , Meniscos Tibiais , Artroscopia/enfermagem , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Criança , Desbridamento , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Achados Incidentais , Instabilidade Articular/diagnóstico , Instabilidade Articular/epidemiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Meniscos Tibiais/anormalidades , Enfermagem Ortopédica , Dor/etiologia , Assistência Perioperatória/métodos , Assistência Perioperatória/enfermagem , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Lesões do Menisco Tibial , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A fracture of the clavicle is a relatively common injury that occurs in patients of all ages. The clavicle is the most commonly fractured long bone in children. The infant, child, or adolescent with a clavicle fracture usually has a history of trauma. Typically, there is localized pain over the fracture, with associated edema and crepitus. Consideration of anatomy within the area of the fracture is essential so that associated injuries can be diagnosed and appropriately treated. Most clavicle fractures heal uneventfully and can be treated nonoperatively. Surgical treatment with open reduction and internal fixation is occurring more often, however, because of potential long-term concerns with functional outcome and decreased range of motion. This article briefly reviews the anatomy and function of the clavicle, common mechanisms of injury, physical examination findings, and conservative as well as surgical management of pediatric clavicle fractures.
Assuntos
Clavícula/lesões , Fraturas Ósseas/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Criança , Educação Continuada , Fraturas Ósseas/diagnóstico , Fraturas Ósseas/terapia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
This study was designed to determine the efficacy of waterproof cast-lining materials in children with short-arm, long-arm, and short-leg casts. Eligible patients had healing fractures 2 weeks after reduction, stable fractures requiring no reduction, or sprains. A total of 165 waterproof-lined casts were applied and 124 children and parents completed a survey (76.9%) upon cast removal. Results revealed 79% very satisfied, 21% satisfied, and 0% dissatisfied. There were 16 (12.9%) minor skin integrity issues. Waterproof casts in stable fractures and sprains allow acceptable immobilization with no significant associated unusual risk and allow children to resume their usual recreational water activities and hygiene regimen without risk of adverse results.